2023-年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二真题考研英语二

2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(-)试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)fbreach

numberedblankandmarkAB,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10

points)

Here'sacommonscenariothatanynumberofentrepreneursfacetoday

：you'retheCEOofasmallbusiness,andthoughyou'remakinganice1,you

needtofindawaytotakeittothenextlevel.Whatyouneedtodois_2

growthbyestablishingagrowthteam.Agrowthteamismadeupofmembers

fromdifferentdepartmentswithinyourcompany,anditharnessesthepower

ofcollaborationtofocus&onfindingwaystogrow.

Let'slookatareal-world4.Priortoformingagrowthteam,the

softwarecompanyBitTorrenthad50employeesworkinginthe_5

departmentsofengineering,marketingandproductdevelopment.This

broughtthemgoodresultsuntil2012,whentheirgrowthplateaued.The_6

wasthattoomanycustomerswereusingthebasic,freeversionoftheir

product.AndJ7improvementstothepremium,paidversion,fewpeoplewere

makingtheupgrade.

Thingschanged,8,whenaninnovativeproject-marketingmanager

cameaboard,9agrowthteamandsparkedthekindof10perspectivethey

needed.Bylookingatengineeringissuesfromamarketingpointofview,it

becameclearthatthe11ofupgradeswasn'tduetoaqualityissue.Most

customersweresimplyunawareofthepremiumversionandwhatitoffered.

Armedwiththis12,themarketingandengineeringteamsjoinedforces

toraiseawarenessbyprominently13thepremiumversiontousersofthe

freeversion14,upgradesskyrocketed,andrevenueincreasedby92percent.

Butinorderforyourgrowthteamtosucceed,itneedstohaveastrong

leader.Itneedssomeonewhocan15theinterdisciplinaryteamandkeep

themoncourseforimprovement.Thisleaderwill16thetargetarea,set

cleargoalsandestablishatimeframeforthe17ofthesegoals.

Thegrowthleaderisalso18forkeepingtheteamfocusedonmoving

forwardandsteeringthemclearofdistractions.19attractivenewideascan

bedistracting,theteamleadermustrecognizewhentheseideasdon't20

thecurrentgoalandneedtobeputonthebackburner.

l.[A]purchase[B]profit[C]connection[D]bet

2.[A]define[B]predict[C]prioritize[D]appreciate

3.[A]exclusively[B]temporarily[C]potentially[D]initially

4.[A]experiment[B]proposal[C]debate[DJexample

5.[AJidentical[B]marginal[C]provisional[DJtraditional

6.[A]rumor[B]secret[C]myth[D]problem

7.[AJdespite[B]unlike[C]through[D]besides

8.[A]moreover[B]however[C]therefore[D]again

9.[A]inspected[B]created[C]expanded[D]reformed

10.[A]cultural[B]objective[C]fresh[D]personal

11.[A]end[B]burden[C]lack[D]decrease

12.[A]policy[B]suggestion[C]purpose[D]insight

13.[A]contributing[B]allocating[C]promoting[D]transferring

14.[A]Asaresult[B]Atanyrate[C]Bytheway[D]Inasense

15.[A]unite[B]finance[C]follow[D]choose

16.[A]share[B]identify[C]divide[D]broaden

17.[A]announcement[B]assessment[C]adjustment[D]accomplishment

18.[A]famous[B]responsible[C]available[D]respectable

19.[A]Before[B]Once[C]While[D]Unless

20.[A]serve[B]limit[C]summarize[D]alter

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directionsthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweach

textbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER

SHEET.(40points)

Text1

Inthequestfortheperfectlawn,homeownersacrossthecountryare

takingashortcut-anditistheenvironmentthatispayingtheprice.About

eightmillionsquaremetresofplasticgrassissoldeachyearbut

oppositionhasnowspreadtothehighestgardeningcircles.TheChelsea

FlowerShowhasbannedfakegrassfromthisyear'sevent,declaringitto

benotpartofitsethos.TheRoyalHorticulturalSociety(RHS),whichruns

theannualshowinwestLondon,saysithasintroducedthebanbecauseof

thedamageplasticgrassdoestotheenvironmentandbiodiversity.

EdHorne,oftheRHS,said:"Welaunchedoursustainabilitystrategy

lastyearandfakegrassisjustnotinlinewithourethosandviewson

plastic.Werecommendusingrealgrassbecauseofitsenvironmental

benefits,whichincludesupportingwildlife,alleviatingfloodingand

coolingtheenvironment.

TheRHS'sdecisioncomesascampaignerstrytoraiseawarenessofthe

problemsfakegrasscauses.ATwitteraccount,whichclaimsto“cutthrough

thegreen-wash,5ofartificialgrass,alreadyhasmorethan20,000

followers.ltistryingtoencouragepeopletosigntwopetitions,onecalling

forabanonthesaleofplasticgrassandanothercallingforan44ecological

damage“taxonsuchlawns.Theyhavegathered7,276and11,282

signatures

However,supportersoffakegrasspointoutthatthereisalsoan

environmentalimpactwithnaturallawns,whichneedmowingand

thereforeusuallyconsumeelectricityorpetrol.Theindustryalsopoints

outthatrealgrassrequiresconsiderableamountsofwater,weedkilleror

othertreatmentsandthatpeoplewholayfakegrasstendtousetheir

gardenmore.Theindustryalsoclaimsthatpeoplewholayfakegrass

spendanaverageof£500ontreesorshrubsfortheirgarden,which

provideshabitatforinsects.

Inresponsetoanotherpetitionlastyearaboutbanningfake

lawns,whichgathered30,000signatures,thegovernmentrespondedthatit

has“noplanstobantheuseofartificialgrass.

Itadded:"Weprefertohelppeopleandorganizationsmaketheright

choiceratherthanlegislatingonsuchmatters,Howevertheuseof

artificialgrassmustcomplywiththelegalandpolicysafeguardsinplace

toprotectbiodiversityandensuresustainabledrainage,whilemeasures

suchasthestrengthenedbiodiversitydutyshouldservetoencourage

publicauthoritiestoconsidersustainablealternatives.

21.TheRHSthinksthatplasticgrass.

[A]isharmfultotheenvironment

[B]isahottopicingardeningcircles

[C]isoverpraisedintheannualshow

[D]isruiningtheviewofwestLondon

22.ThepetitionsmentionedinParagraph3revealthe

campaigners，.

[A]disappointmentwiththeRHS

[B]resistancetofakegrassuse

[C]angerovertheproposedtax

[D]concernaboutrealgrasssupply

23.InParagraph4,supportersoffakegrasspointout.

[A]thenecessitytolowerthecostsoffakegrass

[BJthedisadvantagesofgrowingrealgrass

[C]thewaytotakecareofartificiallawns

[D]thechallengesofinsecthabitatprotection

24.Whatwouldthegovernmentdowithregardtoartificialgrass?

[A]Urgelegislationtorestrictitsuse.

[B]Takemeasurestoguaranteeitsquality.

[C]Reminditsuserstoobeyexistingrules

[D]Replaceitwithsustainablealternatives.

25.ltcanbelearnedfromthetextthatfakegrass.

[A]isbeingimprovedcontinuously

[B]hasseenamarketsharedecline

[Qisbecomingincreasinglyaffordable

[D]hasbeenacontroversialproduct

Text2

It'seasytodismissasabsurdthefederalgovernment'sideasfor

pluggingthechronicfundinggapofournationalparks.Cananyonereally

thinkit'sagoodideatoallowAmazondeliveriestoyourtentinYosemite

orfoodtruckstolineupundertheredwoodtreesatSequoiaNationalPark?

Butthegovernmentisrightaboutonething:U.S.nationalparksarein

crisis.Collectively,theyhaveamaintenancebacklogofmorethan$12

billion.Roads,trails,restrooms,visitorcentersandotherinfrastructureare

crumbling.

Butprivatizingandcommercializingthecampgroundswouldnotbe

acure-all.Campgroundsareatinyportionoftheoverallinfrastructure

backlog,andbusinessesintheparkshandover,onaverage,onlyabout5%of

theirrevenuestotheNationalParkService.

Moreover,increasedprivatizationwouldcertainlyundercutoneofthe

majorreasonswhy300millionvisitorscometotheparkseachyear:toenjoy

natureandgetabreakfromthecommercialdrumbeatthatoverwhelmsdaily

life.

Therealproblemisthattheparkshavebeenchronicallystarvedof

funding.Aneconomicsurveyof700U.S.taxpayersfoundthatpeoplewould

bewillingtopayasignificantamountofmoneytomakesuretheparksand

theirprogramsarekeptintact.Some81%ofrespondentssaidtheywouldbe

willingtopayadditionaltaxesforthenext10yearstoavoidanycutstothe

nationalparks.

ThenationalparksprovidegreatvaluetoU.S.residentsbothasplaces

toescapeandassymbolsofnature.Ontopofthis,theyproducevaluefrom

theirextensiveeducationalprograms,theirpositiveimpactontheclimate

throughcarbonsequestration,theircontributiontoourculturalandartistic

life,andofcoursethroughtourism.TheparksalsohelpkeepAmerica'spast

alive,workingwiththousandsoflocaljurisdictionsaroundthecountryto

protecthistoricalsitesandtobringthestoriesoftheseplacestolife.

Theparksdoallthisonashoestring.Congressallocatesonly$

3billionayeartothenationalparksystem-anamountthathasbeenflatsince

2001(ininflation-adjusteddollars)withtheexceptionofaonetimeboostin

2009.Meanwhile,thenumberofannualvisitorshasincreasedbymore

than50%since1980,andnowstandsat330millionvisitorsperyear.

26.whatproblemareU.S.nationalparksfaced

with?

[AJDeclineofbusinessprofits

[B]Inadequatecommercialization

[C]Lackoftransportationservices

[DJpoorlymaintainedinfrastructure

27.1ncreasedprivatizationofthecampgrounds

may.

[A]spoilvisitorexperience

[B]helppreservenature

[CJbringoperationalpressure

[D]boostvisitstoparks

28.Accordingtoparagraph5mostrespondentsinthesurvey

would

[A]gotothenationalparksonaregularbasis

[B]advocateabiggerbudgetforthenationalparks

[C]agreetopayextraforthenationalparks

[D]supportthenationalparks'receivereforms

Text3

TheInternetmaybechangingmerelywhatweremember,notour

capacitytodoso,suggestsColumbiaUniversitypsychologyprofessor

BetsySparrow.In2011,Sparrowledastudyinwhichparticipantswere

askedtorecord40factoidsinacomputer("anostrich'seyeisbiggerthan

itsbrain,5,forexample).Halfoftheparticipantsweretoldtheinformation

wouldbeerased,whiletheotherhalfweretolditwouldbesaved.Guess

what?Thelattergroupmadenoefforttorecalltheinformationwhen

quizzedonitlater,becausetheyknewtheycouldfinditontheir

computers.Inthesamestudy,agroupwasaskedtorememberboththe

informationandthefoldersitwasstoredin.Theydidn'trememberthe

information,buttheyrememberedhowtofindthefolders.Inother

words,humanmemoryisnotdeterioratingbut“adoptingtonew

communicationstechnology,Sparrowsays.

Inaverypracticalway,theInternetisbecominganexternalharddrive

forourmemories,aprocessknownas€tcognitive

offloading.^Traditionally,thisrolewasfulfilledbydatabanks,libraries,and

otherhumans.Yourfathermayneverrememberbirthdaysbecauseyour

motherdoes,forinstance.Someworrythatthisishavingadestructiveeffect

onsociety,butSparrowseesanupside.Perhaps,shesuggests,thetrendwill

changeourapproachtolearningfromafocusonindividualfactsand

memorizationtoanemphasisonmoreconceptualthinkingsomethingthat

isnotavailableontheInternet."Ipersonallyhaveneverseenallthatmuch

intellectualvalueinmemorizingthings,“Sparrowsays,addingthatwe

haven'tlostourabilitytodoit.

Stillotherexpertssayit'stoosoontounderstandhowtheInternet

affectsourbrains.Thereisnoexperimentalevidenceshowingthatit

interfereswithourabilitytofocus,forinstance,wrotepsychologists

ChristopherChabrisandDaniel.J.Simons.Andsurfingthewebexercised

thebrainmorethanreadingdidamongcomputer-savvyolderadultsin

a2008studyinvolving24participantsattheSemelInstitutefor

NeuroscienceandHumanBehaviorattheUniversityofCalifornia,Los

Angeles.

“Theremaybecostsassociatedwithourincreasedrelianceonthe

Internet,butI'dhavetoimaginethatoverallthebenefitsaregoingto

outweighthosecosts,observespsychologyprofessorBenjaminStorm.uIt

seemsprettyclearthatmemoryischanging,butisitchangingforthe

better?Atthispoint,wedon'tknow.^^

31.Sparrow'sstudyshowsthatwiththeInternet,thehumanbrain

will

[A]analyzeinformationindetail

[BJcollectinformationefficiently

[C]switchitsfocusofmemory

[DJextenditsmemoryduration

32.Theprocessof'cognitiveoffloading,,.

[A]helpsusidentifyfalseinformation

[B]keepsourmemoryfromfailing

[C]Enablesustoclassifytrivialfacts

[D]lessensourmemoryburdens

33.WhichofthefollowingwouldSparrowsupportaboutthe

Internet?[A]Itmayreformourlearningapproach

[B]Itmayimpactoursocietynegatively

[CJItmayenhanceouradaptabilitytotechnology

[D]Itmayinterferewithourconceptualthinking

34.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thathowtheInternetaffectsourbrains

[A]requiresfurtheracademicresearch

[B]ismoststudiedinolderadults

[CJisreflectedinourreadingspeed

[D]dependsonourweb-surfinghabits

35.NeitherSparrownorStormwouldagreethat.

[A]ourrelianceontheInternetwillbecostly

[B]theInternetisweakeningourmemory

[C]memoryexerciseisamustforourbrains

[D]ourabilitytofocusdeclineswithage

Text4

36.AccordingtoParagraph,childrengrowingintoadolescencetendto

[A]developoppositepersonalitytraits

[BJseethewordinanunreasonableway

[C]havefondmemoriesoftheirpast

[D]showaffectionfortheirparents

37.ltcanbelearnedfrom2thatCrone's

study,[A]exploresteenagers'social

responsibilities[B]examinesteenagers'emotional

problems[CJprovidesanewinsightinto

adolescence[D]highlightsnegativeadolescent

behavior

38.Whatdoescrone'sstudyfindaboutprosocial

behavior?[A]Itresultsfromthewishtocooperate

[B]Itiscultivatedthrougheducation

[C]Itissubjecttofamilyinfluence

[D]Ittendstopeakinadolescence

39.Itcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatteenagers.

[A]over-stresstheirinfluenceonothers

[BJcarealotaboutsocialrecognition

[C]Becomeanxiousabouttheirfuture

[D]Endeavortoliveajoyfullife

40.Whatisthetextmainlyabout.

[A]Whyteenagersareself-contradictory.[B]Whyteenagersare

risk-sensitive.[C]Howteenagersdevelopprosociality.

[DJHowteenagersbecomeindependent.

PartB

Directions:Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbered

itemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintheright

column.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.Markyour

answersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Net-zerorulessettosendcostofnewhomesandextensions

soaring

Newbuildingregulationsaimedatimprovingenergyefficiencyare

settoincreasethepriceofnewhomes,aswellasthoseofextensionsand

loftconversionsonexistingones.

Therules,whichcameintoeffectonWednesdayinEngland,arepart

ofgovernmentplanstoreducetheUK'scarbonemissionstonetzeroby

2050.Theysetnewstandardsforventilation,energyefficiencyand

heating,andstatethatnewresidentialbuildingsmusthavecharging

pointsforelectricvehicles.

Themovesarethemostsignificantchangetobuildingregulations

inyears,andindustryexpertssaytheywillinevitablyleadtohigherprices

atatimewhenashortageofmaterialsandhighlabourcostsarealready

drivingupbills.

BrianBerry,chiefexecutiveoftheFederationofMaster

Builders,says

themeasureswillrequirenewmaterials,testingmethods,productsand

systemstobeinstalled/4Allthiscomesatanincreasedcostduringatime

whenpricesarealreadyskyhigh.Inevitably,consumerswillhavetopay

more,"hesays.

GarethBelsham,ofsurveyorsNaismiths,sayspeoplewhoare

upgrading,orextendingtheirhome,willbedirectlyaffected."Thebiggest

changesrelatetoheatingandinsulation,5,heexplains."Therearenew

rulesconcerningtheamountofglazingusedinextensions,andanynew

windowsordoorsmustbehighlyinsulated.

Windowsanddoorswillhavetoadheretohigherstandards,while

therearenewlimitsontheamountofglazingyoucanhavetoreduce

unwantedheatfromthesun.

ThomasGoodman,ofMyJobQuote,saysthiswillbringinnew

restrictionsforextensions."Glazingonwindows,doorsandrooflights

mustcovernomorethan25%ofthefloorareatopreventheatloss,"he

says.

AstherulescameintoeffectlastWpertydevelopers

wererushingtofileplansjustbeforethedeadline.Anyplanssubmitted

beforethatdateareconsideredtobeunderthepreviousrules,andcango

aheadaslongasworkstartsbefore15Junenextyear.

Builderswhichhavecostedprojects,buthavenotfiledthe

paperwork,mayneedtogobackandsubmitfreshestimates,saysMarcus

JeffordofBuildAviator.

Materialspricesarealreadyup25%inthelasttwoyears.Howmuch

overallpriceswillincreaseasaresultoftherulechangesisnot

clear."Whilstadmirableintheirintentions,theywilladdtothecostof

housebuildingatatimewhenmanyalreadyfeelthattheyarepricedoutof

homeownership,"saysJonathanRolandeoftheNationalAssociationof

PropertyBuyers."Anaverageextensionwillprobablyseearound£3,000

additionalcostthankstothenewregs."

JohnKelly,aconstructionlawyeratFreethslawfirm,believesprices

willeventuallycomedown.Butnotintheimmediatefuture."Asthe

marketplaceadaptstothenewrequirements,andthetechnologiesthat

supportthem,thescalingupofthesetechnologieswilleventuallybring

costsdown,butintheshortterm,wewillallhavetopaythepriceofthe

necessarytransition.^hesays.

However,thelong-termeffectsofthechangeswillbemore

comfortableandenergy-efficienthomes,addsAndrewMellor,ofPRP

architects."Homeownerswillprobablyrecoupthatcostovertimein

energybillsavings.ltwill