名词性从句资料

名词性从句在句法作用上与名词短语等同的各种从句称为名词性从句。它在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语，多由连词that,wh-疑问词或由whatorwhatever等关系代词引导。一、主语从句1、由that引导Eg1.Thathebecameadoctormayhavebeenduetohisfather’sinfluence.Eg2.it’samiraclethathesurvivedtheaccident.Eg3.ithappenedthatIknewherboyfriend.Eg4.itisstrangethathecan’trememberhertelephonenumber.Eg5.itmustbepointedoutthatyouarecompletelywrong.注释：（1）主语从句前的that不能省略，仅起连接作用。（2）例eg2,eg3,eg4,eg5中，为了保持句子平衡，由it作形式主语代替that从句，而将that从句后置。2、由who,whom,whose,which,what,where,when,how,why等疑问词引导。Eg1.whowillpresideatthemeetingremainsunknown.Eg2.howshegotwoundedatworkshouldbeinvestigated.Eg3.whyhedidsuchastupidthingisnotknown.Eg4.whereweshouldstayisaproblem.Eg5.it’sstillaquestionwhenweshallhaveoursportsmeet.Eg6.whetherhewillattendthemettingisuncertain.=it’suncertainwhether/ifhewillattendthemeeting.注释：（1）wh-疑问词引导的从句虽有疑问色彩，但用的是陈述句的语序，不需倒装。（2）例eg6中可看出whether和if的用法区别：if引导的从句不能位于句首，而whether引导的从句既可以位于句首也可位于主句后。3、名词性关系词引导Eg1.whatyouneedismoreexerience.Eg2.whateveryousaiddoesn’tconcernus.Eg3.whomeveryouinvitewillbewelcome.Eg4.whereshespendshertimeisnoneofyourbusiness.Eg5.whoeverfailstoconformtotheprincipleswillmakeabigblunder.注释：（1）引导词what,where,wh-ever等关系代词或副词都含有关系代词和它的先行词在内，如；what=thethingwhich,where=theplacewhere,whatever=anythingthat,whoever=anyonethat.等等，因此名词性关系从句可可作先行词语其后的定语从句结合。（2）疑问词引导的从句与句词性关系词引导的从句的区别在于：前者带有疑问色彩，而后者不带有疑问色彩，试比较：Youcanaskwhathehasinhismind.Givemewhatyouhaveinyourhand.Whichhelikeswillbegiventohim.Eg2.noonecandenythefactthathehasmadesuchprogress.Eg3.theorderhascomethattheworkbedoneatonce.注释；注意eg3中为保持句子平衡同位语从句后置情况。2、同位语从句与定语从句的区别Eg1.thenewsthathehassucceededinspiredthemall.()Eg2.what’tthenewsthatupsethersomuch?()Eg3.theproposalthatweshouldimportmoreequipmentfromabroadistobediscussedatthemeeting.()Eg4.theproposalthatheputforwardistobedisscussedatthemeeting.()注释：定语从句与同位语从句的区别从三个方面来看：（1）定语从句中that代替先行词，这在从句中作某个成份，而在同位语从句中，t