2022年考研专业综合考试真题及答案51

2022年考研专业综合考试真题及答案

一、Cloze

1>WholesalepricesinJulyrosemoresharplythanexpected

andatafasterratethanconsumerprices,[1]thatbusinesses

werestillprotectingconsumers[2]thefullbrunt(冲击)of

higherenergycosts.

TheProducerPriceIndex,[3]measureswhatproducersreceive

forgoodsandservices,[4]1percentinJuly,theLabor

Departmentreportedyesterday,double[5]economistshadbeen

expectingandasharpturnaroundfromfiatpricesinJune.

Excluding[6]andenergy,thecoreindexofproducerpricesrose

0.4percent,[7]thanthe0.1percentthateconomistshad[8]

Muchofthatincreasewasaresultofan[9]increaseincar

andtruckprices.

OnTuesday,theLaborDepartmentsaidthe[10]thatconsumers

paidforgoodsandservicesinJulywere[11]0.5percentover

all,andup0.1percent,excludingfoodandenergy.

[12]theoverallriseinbothconsumerandproducerprices

[13]causedbyenergycosts,whichincreased4.4percentin

themonth.(Wholesalefoodprices[14]0.3percentinJuly.)

[15]July2022,wholesalepriceswereup4.6percent;thecore

rate[16]2.8percent,itsfastestpacesince1995.Typically,

increasesintheProducerPriceIndexindicatesimilarchanges

intheconsumerindex[17]businessesrecoup(补偿)highercosts

fromcustomers.[18]formuchofthisexpansion,whichstarted

[19]theendof2022,thathasnotbeenthe[20].Infact,many

businesseslikeautomakershavebeenaggressivelydiscounting

theirproducts.

(1)

A.indicate

B.toindicate

C.indicating

D.indicated

2、⑵

A.of

B.to

C.by

D.from

3、(3)

A.that

B.which

C.it

D.this

4、⑷

A.rise

B.rises

C.rose

D.raised

5、(5)

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.this

6、(6)

A.food

B.grain

C.crop

D.diet

7、(7)

A.less

B.lower

C.higher

D.more

8、(8)

A.said

B.reported

C.calculated

D.forecast

9、(9)

A.expectable

B.unexpected

C.expectation

D.expecting

10、(10)

A.prices

B.costs

C.charges

D.values

IK(11)

A.down

B.from

C.to

D.up

12、(12)

A.Much

B.Most

工4

C.Mostof

D.Muchof

13、(13)

A.was

B.were

C.is

D.are

14、(14)

A.fall

B.fell

C.falls

D.hasfallen

15、(15)

A.Comparingwith

B.Incomparison

C.Comparedwith

D.Compareto

16、(16)

A.dropped

B.declined

C.lifted

D.climbed

5

17、(17)

A.as

B.so

C.while

D.when

18、(18)

A.And

B.But

C.Yet

D.Still

19、(19)

A.at

B.by

C.in

D.to

20、(20)

A.condition

B.situation

C.matter

D.case

二、ReadingComprehension

1、Officejobsareamongthepositionshardesthitby

computation（计算机自动化）.Wordprocessorsandtypistswill

loseabout93,000jobsoverthenextfewyears,while57,000

secretarialjobswillvanish.BlamethePC:Today,many

executivestypetheirownmemosandcarrytheir"secretaries”

inthepalmsoftheirhands.Timeisalsohardforstockclerks,

whoseranksareexpectedtodecreaseby68,000.Andemployees

inmanufacturingfirmsandwholesalersarebeingreplacedwith

computerizedsystems.

Butnoteveryonewholosesajobwillendupintheunemployment

line.Manywillshifttogrowingpositionswithintheirown

companies.Whennewtechnologiesshookupthetelecommbusiness,

telephoneoperatorJudyDoughertypursuedretraining.Sheis

nowacommunicationstechnician,earningabout$64,000per

year.Ofcourse,ifyou'vebeenatollboothcollectorforthe

past30years,andyoufindyourselfreplacedbyanE-ZPass

machine,itmaybeoflittleconsolation（劝慰）toknowthatthe

telecommfieldisbooming.

Andthat'sjustit:Theserviceeconomyisfading;welcome

totheexpertise（特士也学问）economy.Tosucceedinthenewjob

market,youmustbeabletohandlecomplexproblems.Indeed,

allbutoneofthe50highest-payingoccupations-air-traffic

controller-demandatleastabachelor'sdegree.

Forthosewithjustahighschooldiploma（毕业证书），it's

goingtogettoughertofindawe11-payingjob.Sincefewer

factoryandclericaljobswillbeavailable,what'sleftwill

bethejobsthatcomputationcan'tkill:Computerscan，tclean

offices,orcareforAlzheimer（spatients（老年痴呆病人）.But,

sincemostpeoplehavetheskillstofillthosepositions,the

wagesstaypainfullylow,meaningcomputationcoulddrivean

evendeeperwedge（楔子）betweentherichandpoor.Thebest

advicenow:Neverstoplearning,andkeepupwithnewtechnology.

Forbusyadults,ofcourse,thatcanbetough.Thegoodnews

isthattheverytechnologythat'sreducingsomanyjobsisalso

makingiteasiertogobacktoschool-withouthavingtositin

aclassroom.So-calledInternetdistancelearningishot,with

morethanthreemillionstudentscurrentlyenrolled,andit's

gainingcredibilitywithemployers.

Areyouatriskoflosingyourjobtoacomputer?Checkthe

FederalBureauofLaborStatistics,OccupationalOutlook

Handbook,whichisavailableonlineatbls.gov.

Fromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthatallofthefollowing

personsareeasilythrownintounemploymentEXCEPT.

A.secretaries

B.stockclerks

C.managers

D.wholesalers

2、

InthesecondparagraphtheauthormentionsthetolIbooth

collectorto.

A.meanhewillgetbenefitsfromthetelecommfield

B.showheistoooldtoshifttoanewposition

C.consolehimonhavingbeenreplacedbyamachine

D.blamethePCforhisunemployment

3、

Bysaying”…computationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedge

betweentherichandpoor”(Line5,Para.4)theauthor

means.

A.peoplearegettingricherandricher

B.therewillbeasmallgapbetweenrichandpoor

C.thegapbetweenrichandpoorisgettinglargerandlarger

D.it'stimetocloseupthegapbetweentherichandpoor

4、

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardscomputers?

A.positive.

B.negative.

C.neutral.

D.prejudiced.

5、

Whichofthefollowingmightserveasthebesttitleofthe

passage?

A.BlamingthePC.

B.Theboomingtelecommfield

C.Internetdistancelearning.

D.Keepingupwithcomputation.

6、Tensofthousandsof18-year-oldswillgraduatethisyear

andbehandedmeaninglessdiplomas.Thesediplomaswon,tlook

anydifferentfromthoseawardedtheirluckierclassmates.

Theirvaliditywillbequestionedonlywhentheiremployers

discoverthatthesegraduatesaresemiliterate（半文盲）.

Eventuallyafortunatefewwillfindtheirwayinto

educational-repairshops-adult-literacyprograms,suchasthe

onewhereIteachbasicgrammarandwriting.There,high-school

graduatesandhigh-schooldropoutspursuing

graduate-equivalencycertificateswilllearntheskillsthey

shouldhavelearnedinschool.Theywillalsodiscovertheyhave

beencheatedbyoureducationalsystem.

Iwillneverforgetateacherwhogottheattentionofoneof

mychildrenbyrevealingthetrumpcardoffailure.Ouryoungest,

aworld-classcharmer,didlittletodevelophisintellectual

talentsbutalwaysgotby.UntilMrs.Stifter.

Oursonwasahigh-schoolseniorwhenhehadherforEnglish.

“Hesitsinthebackoftheroomtalkingtohisfriends,“she

toldme."Whydon，tyoumovehimtothefrontrow?”Iurged,

believingtheembarrassmentwouldgethimtosettle

down.Mrs.Stiftersaid,"Idon'tmoveseniors.Iflunk（使...

不及格）them.Ourson'sacademiclifeflashedbeforemyeyes.

Noteacherhadeverthreatenedhim.BythetimeIgothomeI

wasfeelingprettygoodaboutthis.Itwasaradicalapproach

forthesetimes,but,well,whynot?"She'sgoingtoflunkyou,“

Itoldmyson.Ididnotdiscussitanyfurther.SuddenlyEnglish

becameapriority（头等要事）inhislife.Hefinishedoutthe

semesterwithanA.

Iknowoneexampledoesn'tmakeacase,butatnightIseea

paradeofstudentswhoareangryforhavingbeenpassedalong

untiltheycouldnolongerevenpretendtokeepup.Ofaverage

intelligenceorbetter,theyeventuallyquitschool,

concludingtheyweretoodumbtofinish."Ishouldhavebeen

heldback,z/isacommentIhearfrequently:Evensadderare

thosestudentswhoarehigh-schoolgraduateswhosaytomeafter

afewweeksofclass,“Idon，tknowhowIevergotahigh-school

diploma.”

Passingstudentswhohavenotmasteredtheworkcheatsthem

andtheemployerswhoexpectgraduatestohavebasicskills.

Weexcusethisdishonestbehavior,bysayingkidscan'tlearn

iftheycomefromterribleenvironments.Nooneseemstostop

tothinkthatmostkidsdon'tputschoolfirstontheirlist

unlesstheyperceivesomethingisatrisk.They'dratherbe

sailing.

ManystudentsIseeatnighthavedecidedtomakeeducation

apriority.Theyaremotivatedbythedesireforabetterjob

ortheneedtohangontotheonethey'vegot.Theyhaveahealthy

fearoffailure.

Peopleofallagescanriseabovetheirproblems,buttheyneed

tohaveareasontodoso.Youngpeoplegenerallydon,thave

thematuritytovalueeducationinthesamewaymyadult

studentsvalueit.Butfearoffailurecanmotivateboth.

Whatisthesubjectofthisessay?

A.viewpointonlearning.

B.aqualifiedteacher.

C.theimportanceofexamination.

D.thegenerationgap.

HowdidMrs.Siftergettheattentionofoneoftheauthor's

children?

A.flunkinghim.

B.movinghisseat.

C.blaminghim.

D.playingcardwithhim.

8、

Theauthorbelievesthatthemosteffectivewayforateacher

isto.

A.purifytheteachingenvironments

B.setupcooperationbetweenteachersandparents

C.holdbackstudent

D.motivatestudent

9、

Fromthepassagewecandrawtheconclusionthattheauthors)

attitudetowardflunkingis.

A.negative

B.positive

C.biased

D.indifferent

10、

Judgingfromthecontent,thispassageisprobablywritten

for.

A.administrators

B.students

C.teachers

D.parents

11>Nameshavegainedincreasingimportanceinthe

competitiveworldofhighereducation.Ascollegesstrivefor

marketshare,theyarelookingfornamesthatprojecttheimage

theywantorreflectthechangestheyhopetomake.Trenton

StateCollege,forexample,becametheCollegeofNewJersey

nineyearsagowhenitbeganraisingadmissionsstandardsand

appealingtostudentsfromthroughoutthestate.

“AllIhearinhighereducationis,'Brand,brand,brand,'

“saidTimWesterbeck,whospecializesinbrandingandis

managingdirectorofLipmanHearne,amarketingfirmbasedin

Chicagothatworkswithuniversitiesandothernonprofit

organizations.z，Therehasbeenaseachangeoverthelast10

years.Marketingusedtobealmostadirtywordinhigher

education.”

Notalleffortsatnamechangesaresuccessful,ofcourse.In

1997,theNewSchoolforSocialResearchbecameNewSchool

Universitytoreflectitsgrowthintoacollectionofeight

colleges,offeringalistofmajorsthatincludes

psychology,music,urbanstudiesandmanagement.ButNewYorkers

continuedtocallittheNewSchool.

Now,afterspendinganundisclosedsumonanonlinesurveyand

amarketingconsultant，screationofnamingstructures,

“brandarchitecture"and，zidentitysystems,“theuniversity

hascomeupwithanewname,theNewSchool.BeginningMonday,

itwilladoptnewlogos（标识），banners,businesscardsandeven

newnamesfortheindividualcolleges,alltoincludethewords

“theNewSchool.”

Changesinnamesgenerallyrevealsignificantshiftsinhow

acollegewantstobeperceived.InalteringitsnamefromCal

State,Hayward,toCalState,EastBay,theuniversityhoped

toprojectitsexpandingroleintwomostlysuburbancounties

eastofSanFrancisco.

TheUniversityofSouthernColorado,astateinstitution,

becameColoradoStateUniversityatPueblotwoyearsago,

hopingtohighlightmanyinternalchanges,includingoffering

moregraduateprogramsandsettinghigheradmissionsstandards.

BeaverCollegeturneditselfintoArcadiaUniversityin2022

forseveralreasons:tobreaktheconnectionwithitspastas

awomen'scollege,topromoteitsgrowthintoafull-fledged（完

全成熟的）universityand,officialsacknowledged,toeliminate

somejokesaboutthecollege'soldnameonlate-night

televisionand"morningzoo"radioshows.

Manycollegeofficialssaidchanginganameandimagecould

producesubstantialresults.AtArcadia,inadditiontothe

riseinapplications,theaveragestudent'stestscorehas

increasedby60points,JuliRoebeck,anArcadiaspokeswoman,

said.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforcollegestochange

theirnames?

A.Theypreferhighereducationcompetition.

B.Theytrytogainadvantageinmarketshare.

C.Theywanttoprojecttheirimage.

D.Theyhopetomakesomechanges.

12、

Itisimpliedthatoneofthemostsignificantchangesin

highereducationinthepastdecadeis.

A.thebrand

B.thecollegenames

C.theconceptofmarketing

D.listofmajors

13、

Thephrase"comeupwith”(Line3,Para.4)probably

means.

A.catchupwith

B.dealwith

C.putforward

D.cometotherealization

14、

ThecaseofnamechangingfromCadState,Hayward,toCalState

indicatesthattheuniversity.

A.isperceivedbythesociety

B.hopestoexpanditsinfluence

C.preferstoreform,itsteachingprograms

D.expectstoenlargeitscampus

15、

Accordingtothespokeswoman,thenamechangeofBeaver

College.

A.turnsoutverysuccessful

B.failstoattainitsgoal

C.haseliminatedsomejokes

D.hastransformeditsstatus

16、Itlookedjustlikeanotheraircraftfromtheoutside.

Thepilottoldhisyoungpassengersthatitwasbuiltin

1964.Butappearancesweredeceptive,andthe13studentsfrom

EuropeandtheUSAwhoboardedtheaircraftwereinforthe

flightoftheirlives.

Inside,theareathatnormallyhadseatshadbecomealong

whitetunnel.Heavilypadded（填塞）fromfloortoceiling,it

lookedabitstrange.Therewerealmostnowindows,butlights

alongthepaddedwallsilluminatedit.Mostoftheseatshad

beentakenout,apartfromafewattheback,wheretheyoung

scientistsquicklytooktheirplaceswithalookoffear.

For12months,sciencestudentsfromacrossthecontinentshad

competedtowinaplaceontheflightattheinvitationofthe

EuropeanSpaceAgency.Thechallengehadbeentosuggest

imaginativeexperimentstobeconductedinweightless

conditions.

Forthenexttwohours,theflightresembledthatofan

enormousbirdwhichhadlostitsreason,shootingupwards

towardstheheavensbeforerushing.towardsEarth.The

inventionwastoachieveweightlessnessforafewseconds.

Theaircrafttookoffsmoothlyenough,butanyfeelingsthat

Iandtheyoungscientistshadthatwewereonanythinglike

ascheduledpassengerservicewerequicklydismissedwhenthe

pilotputtheplaneintoa45-degreeclimbwhichlastedaround

20seconds.Thentheenginescutoutandwebecameweightless.

Everythingbecameconfusedandleftorright,upordownno

longerhadanymeaning.Aftertensecondsoffree-fall

descent（下降）thepilotpulledtheaircraftoutofitsnosedive.

Thereturnofgravitywaslessimmediatethanitsloss,butwas

stillsuddenenoughtoensurethatsomestudentscamedownwith

abump.

Eachtimethepilotcuttheenginesandwebecameweightless,

anewteamconducteditsexperiment.FirstitwastheDutchwho

wantedtodiscoverhowitisthateatsalwayslandontheirfeet.

ThentheGermanteamwhoconductedasuccessfulexperimenton

atraditionalbuildingmethodtoseeifitcouldbeusedfor

buildingafuturespacestation.TheAmericanshadanideato

createsolarsailsthatcouldbeusedbysatellites.

Aftertwohoursofgoingupanddowninthelanedoingtheir

experiments,thepredominantfeelingwasoneofexcitement

ratherthansickness.Mostofthestudentsthoughtitwasan

unforgettableexperienceandonetheywouldbekeentorepeat.

Whatdidthewritersayabouttheplane?

A.Ithadnoseats.

B.Itwaspaintedwhite.

C.Ithadnowindows.

D.Theoutsidewasmisleading.

17、

Accordingtothewriter,howdidtheyoungscientistsfeel

beforetheflight?

A.sick

B.keen

C.nervous

D.impatient

18、

Whatdidthepilotdowiththeplaneafterittookoff?

A.Hequicklyclimbedandthenstoppedtheengines.

B.Heclimbedandthenmadetheplanefallslowly.

C.Hetookoffnormallyandthencuttheenginesfor20seconds.

D.Heclimbedandthenmadetheplaneturnover.

19、

Accordingtothepassage,thepurposeofbeingweightlesswas

to.

A.seewhatconditionsarelikeinspace

B.preparetheyoungscientistsforfutureworkinspace

C.showthejudgesofthecompetitionwhattheycoulddo

D.maketheteamstryouttheirideas

20、

Thispassagewaswrittento.

A.encourageyoungpeopletotakeupscience

B.describetheprocessofascientificcompetition

C.showscientistswhatyoungpeoplecando

D.reportonanewscientifictechnique

21、Canada,spremiers(theleadersofprovincial

governments),iftheyhaveanybreathleftaftercomplaining

aboutOttawaattheirlateJulyannualmeeting,mightsparea

momenttodosomething,toreducehealth-carecosts.

They，reallgroaningaboutsoaringhealthbudgets,the

fastest-growingcomponentofwhicharepharmaceuticalcosts.

41.____________

Whattodo?BoththeRomanowcommissionandtheKirbycommittee

onhealthcare-tosaynothingofreportsfromotherexperts

recommendedthecreationofanationaldrugagency.Insteadof

eachprovincehavingitsownlistofapproveddrugs,

bureaucracy,proceduresandlimitedbargainingpower,all

wou1dpoolresources,workwithOttawa,andcreateanational

institution.

42.But"national“doesn'thavetomeanthat.”

National“couldmeaninterprovincial-provincescombining

effortstocreateonebody.

Eitherway,onebenefitofa"national“organizationwouldbe

tonegotiatebetterprices,ifpossible,withdrug

manufacturers.Insteadofhavingoneprovince-oraseriesof

hospitalswithinaprovince-negotiateapriceforagivendrug

ontheprovinciallist,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateon

behalfofallprovinces.

Ratherthan,say,Quebec,negotiatingonbehalfofseven

millionpeople,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalf

31millionpeople.Basiceconomiessuggeststhegreaterthe

potentialconsumers,thehigherthelikelihoodofabetter

price.

43.______________

Asmallstephasbeentakeninthedirectionofanationalagency

withthecreationoftheCanadianCoordinatingOfficefor

HealthTechnologyAssessment,fundedbyOttawaandthe

provinces.Underit,aCommonDrugReviewrecommendsto

provinciallistswhichnewdrugsshouldbeincluded.

Predictablyandregrettably,Quebecrefusedtojoin.

Afewpremiersaresuspi