外研版必修一第6单元

重点单词1．average/′ævərIdʒ/adj.平均的2．breakdown/′breIkˌdaʊn/n．故障3．source/sɔːs/n．来源；出处4．contain/kən′teIn/vt.包含；包括5．access/′ækses/n．接近；通路，入口；通道→accessibleadj.可进入的；可使用的；容易接近的6．defence/dI′fens/n．保护；防卫→defendvt.保卫；防护；辩护7．create/kri′eIt/vt.创造；创造→creationn．创造；创立；创作→creativeadj.有创造力的8．percentage/pə′sentIdʒ/n．百分数；百分率→percentn．百分之……9．design/dI′zaIn/vt.设计→designern．设计者10．invention/In′venʃn/n.创造→inventvt.创造；创作11．permission/pə′mIʃn/n．许可→permitvt.允许；准许12．concentrate/′kɒnsnˌtreIt/vi.集中(注意力、思想等)→concentrationn．专心；集中(注意力)13．definite/′defənət/adj.明确的→definitionn．定义；说明14．independent/ˌIndI′pendənt/adj.独立的→independencen．独立15．frequently/′friːkwəntli/adv.时常；经常→frequentadj.常见的；频繁的→frequencyn．频率16．disadvantage/ˌdIsəd′vɑːntIdʒ/n．弊端；缺点→advantage(反义词)n.优点；长处17．shorten/′ʃɔːtn/vt.缩短→shortadj.短的；缺乏的重点短语1．becomeknownas...作为……而知名；被称为……；叫作……2．godown下降3．comeupwith提出4．fromthatmomenton从那时起5．concentrateon聚精会神；集中思想6．comparedwith与……相比7．logon/off注册/注销8．aswell也9．wrapsth.up把某物包起来10．withthehelpof在……的帮助下经典句型1．Itthenbecamepossibleforuniversitiestousethesystemaswell.各大学也能使用这一系统。2．Berners­LeemadeitpossibleforeveryonetousetheInternet，notjustuniversitiesandthearmy.贝尔纳斯·李使每个人使用因特网成为了可能，而不仅仅是大学和军队。3．Itwouldbemuchbetterifwespentthetimeworkingonacomputer.如果我们用些时间在电脑上工作，那效果将会更好。4．TwopercentofthetotalpopulationofChinahaveaccesstotheInternet，comparedwith45percentintheUSAand15percentinJapan.2%的中国人口使用因特网，相比之下，在美国和日本，这个比例是45%和15%。语境记忆Heisacreativedesignerandinventorandgoodattakingfulladvantageofavailableresources.Independentthinkingisnecessaryforhim.Recently，heisconcentratingonhisnewinvention，sohedoesn’tgooutfrequently.构词记忆eq\x(inter­)interpreter/In′tɜːprItə/n．[C]译员；口译者﹡interaction/ˌIntə′ækʃn/n．[C]&[U]交流；合作interrupt/ˌIntə′rʌpt/vt.1.打断；打搅2.中断；阻断interview/′Intəvjuː/n．[C]接见；采访；面试vt.接见；采访；面试1．ThomasEdisonwasagreatinventor.Heinventedalotofthingsinhislife，andhisinventionschangedthewaypeoplelived.(invention)2．Creationisveryimportantforacountry’sprogress.Soweshouldeducatethestudentstobeabletocreateinthefuturethoughthecreativeprocessisnoteasy.(create)3．Doctorsareaimingtoconcentrate(集中)moreonpreventionthancure.4．It’simpossibleformetogiveyouadefinite(明确的)answer.5．Theseexercisesaredesigned(设计)tostrengthenmuscles.6．Thethievesstoleapursecontaining(包含)banknotes.7．Access(接近)tothepapersisrestrictedtoseniormanagement.8．Alwayscarryaphonewithyouincaseyouhaveabreakdown(故障)onthemotorway.9．Themaindisadvantage(缺点)ofthematerialisthatitfadesinstrongsunlight.10．Nowthatmysonsarebecomingmoreindependent(独立)，Ihavemoretimeformyself.1eq\x(containv.包含，含有；容纳hold；控制，抑制control)eq\x(containoneself控制自己)IhopeIcancontaineducationinamusement.我希望能寓教于乐。(2023·天津·书面表达)WhenthenewsthatMandelahadpassedawaycamein,manypeopleinSouthAfricacouldn当曼德拉逝世的消息传来，很多南非人不能控制自己，放声大哭起来。图解助记夯实根底(1)用include，contain的适当形式填空①Thisbookcontainsalltheinformationyouneed.②Oursix­citytourincludedavisittoLondon.(2)LittleJohnnyfeltthebag，curioustoknowwhat_it_contained(里面装着什么东西)．2accessn.接近的方法means；通路path；road；入径way；使用或见到的时机；权利常与to连用opportunity，orrighttouse；可接近性have/get/obtain/gainaccessto拥有……的时机；可以接近；进入giveaccessto准许进入接近accessibleadj.可到达的；易懂的；随和的beaccessibleto可接近的；可靠近的；可使用的IknowyouareinterestedinChineseculture，especiallyChinesedrama，inconsequenceofwhichyouarestudyinginChina，andnowyouhavegreataccesstoit.我知道你对中国文化，尤其是中国戏剧很感兴趣，也正因为这你正在中国学习，现在你可以了解它了。(2023·天津·书面表达)特别提醒access前通常不加冠词，且access短语中的to是介词。夯实根底(1)Thenewsystemhasbeendesignedto_give_students_quick_and_easy_access_to(让学生便捷、容易地搜索到)thedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.(2)翻译句子在过去，妇女没有受教育的权利。Women_have_no_access_to_education_in_old_days.3designn.设计；布局；安排arrangement；打算plan；意图intention；构思；v.设计；构思；方案；制订make，planorintendbydesign＝onpurpose成心bedesignedfor...为……设计bedesignedtodo.../as...为某目的或用途而制造或设计Themethodisspecificallydesignedforuseinsmallgroups.这方法是专为小组活动设计的。Theexperimentisdesignedtotestthenewdrug.这个实验的目的是想测试这种新药品。夯实根底(1)语法填空①Doyouthinkthetrafficaccidentwascausedbyaccidentorbydesign?②Thisbuildingisdesignedforweddingsandothercelebrations.③Thenewdeviceisdesignedasanalternativefortheoldone.(2)Thehousesdesigned_for_the_people(为那些人们设计的)intheearthquakehavealreadybeencompleted.4permissionn．许可askforpermission请求许可withoutpermission未经许可permitsb.todo...允许某人做……permitdoingsth.允许做某事permitsb.sth.允许某人做某事Heenteredtheroomwithoutpermission.他未经许可就进入房间。Thewindowspermitlightandairtoenter.这些窗户采光及通风性能良好。夯实根底用所给动词的适当形式填空(1)Hewaspermittedto_talk(talk)totheprisoner.(2)Theguardspermittedmeto_bring(bring)mycameraandtaperecorder.(3)Wedon’tpermitsmoking(smoke)intheoffice.(4)Heaskedforpermission(permit)toleavetheroom.5eq\x(concentratevi.集中注意力、思想等)concentrateone’smind/attention/thoughts/effortson集中注意力于；专注于beconcentratedin/on/around...集中在……；聚集于……focus/fixone’sattentionon/putone’smindto/putone’sheartinto/beabsorbedin/belostin专心于……Hecouldnotconcentrateonhislessons.他不能在课堂上集中精力。(2023·广东·读写任务)Wemustconcentrateourattentiononimprovingeducation.我们必须致力于改良教育工作。夯实根底(1)语法填空①Itwasuptohimtoconcentrateonhisstudiesandmakesomethingofhimself.②Nothingisdifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.③Sheisabsorbedinmusic.(2)Ifyoudon’tunderstandeverythingthetapesays，justconcentrate_on_the_words(集中精力听单词)youcanunderstand.6averageadj.平均的；普通的normal；典型的typical；n.平均数；平均水平；v.平均为；计算出……的平均数anaverageof...……的平均数uptotheaverage接近一般水准above/belowaverage高于/低于平均水平onthe/anaverage平均地；通常；按平均值Taketheaverageofthoseratiosandmultiplybyahundred.算出那些比率的平均值再乘以100。Americansharesrose，onaverage，by38%.美国股票价格平均上涨了38%。夯实根底(1)On_(an)_average(平均)wewouldbespending￡300perday.(2)Teachersusuallylikestudents，whoseschoolworkisabove_average(在平均水平以上)．eq\x(consistof，comeupwith，beknownas，godown，logon，wrapup)1．Hecame_up_withthestrangeideathathecoulddothatinanotherway.2．Fionahas_gone_downinmyestimationsinceIfoundherpoliticalviews.3．Aftertherepairofmycomputer，Icanlog_oneasierthanbefore.4．Hespenttheeveningwrapping_uptheChristmaspresents.5．Thecommitteeconsists_oftenmembers.6．Plasticbagsandboxesare_known_as“whitepollution〞whichhasbecomeaseriousproblem.1eq\x(be/becomeknownas...被称为……；作为……而知名；叫作……)beknownfor...因……而知名beknownto...为……所知(强调对象)befamousfor...因……而著名befamousas...作为……而著名(接职务、身份类名词)Hangzhouisknown/famousforitsbeautifulscenery.杭州因其美景而知名。夯实根底(1)It_is_known_to_us_that(众所周知)thecityofAucklandisknownastheCityofSails.(2)同义句改写Hewasknownasawriterandwasinvitedtoattendthemeeting.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)Known_as_a_writer，he_was_invited_to_attend_the_meeting.(3)翻译句子大多数人都知道他是一名好演员。He_is_known_to_most_people_as_a_good_actor.2eq\x(comeupwith提出；想出方法；赶上)comeup走近；上来；发生；出现；被提及/讨论；长出地面，发芽；(太阳、月亮)升起；被提出comeabout发生comeacross偶然碰到comealong跟着；前来；参加comeout出版；开花HecameupwiththeideaoftheWorldWideWebin1989whilehewasworkinginSwitzerland.1989年他在瑞士工作时，提出了万维网的设想。I’llletyouknowifanythingcomesup.如果发生什么事，我会告诉你的。夯实根底用come短语的适当形式填空(1)Theskywasdarkbluewhenthemooncame_up.(2)Icame_acrossanoldschoolfriendinOxford(3)Yourmostrecentbookcame_outlastyear.(4)Severalofthemembershavecome_up_withsuggestionsoftheirown.3eq\x(comparedwith与……相比)compare...to...把……比作……compare...with...把……和……比拟comparenotes交换看法without/beyondcompare无与伦比；举世无双I’vehadsomedifficulties，buttheywerenothingcomparedtoyours.我遇到了一些困难，但与你的困难比起来就算不了什么了。Wecarefullycomparedthefirstreportwiththesecond.我们仔细比拟了第一份报告和第二份报告。夯实根底(1)语法填空①Comparedwith/tomanypeople，shewasindeedveryfortunate.②Theheightoftheempirebuildingiswithout/beyondcompare.(2)WefindMichael’snewhouseislikeahugepalace，comparing_his_old_one(和那座旧的相比)．1．IfIwereyou，Iwould_choose_to_work_in_a_small_town(会选择在在小城镇工作)．2．Ilikeneither_of(两部都不)thenovels.3．Why_not_come_(为什么不来)overfordinneratmyhousethisweekend?4．Iwould_like_to_live_in(想生活在)aquietplacenearthesea.5．Atlastwemade_it_possible_for_everyone_present_to_have_a_gift(使每位在场的人有一份礼物成为可能)．1Berners­LeemadeitpossibleforeveryonetousetheInternet，notjustuniversitiesandthearmy.,贝尔纳斯·李使每个人使用因特网成为了可能，而不仅仅是大学和军队。eq\x(句型公式：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)在此结构中可用作宾补的有名词、代词、形容词、不带to的动词不定式、过去分词、介词短语等。make变为被动语态时，不定式作主语的补足语要带to。ItisdifficulttomakemyselfunderstoodinEnglish.我很难用英语把自己的想法表达清楚。Weweremadetoworkfortheboss16hoursaday.老板让我们一天为他工作16个小时。夯实根底(1)Heaskedhisfriendtomake_his_computer_repaired(修电脑)assoonaspossible.(2)Injuniorhigh，hewasmadeto_run(跑)marathon.(3)Hedidn’tmakeitclearwhen_and_where_the_meeting_would_be_held(会议在什么地方以及在哪里开)．2Itwouldbemuchbetterifwespentthetimeworkingonacomputer.如果我们用些时间在电脑上工作，那效果将会更好。eq\x(句型公式：表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气形式)1表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，if条件句中谓语动词用一般过去时，be一般用were，主句谓语动词用would/should/could/might＋动词原形。2表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，if条件句中谓语动词用过去完成时，主句谓语动词用would/should/could/might＋havedone。3表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，if条件句中谓语动词用shoulddo，weretodo或一般过去时，主句谓语动词用would/should/could/might＋动词原形。IfIknewtheanswerstoallthequestions，Iwouldbeagenius.如果我能答复所有问题的话，我就是天才了。Ifwehadn’tmadeadequatepreparations，theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.如果我们没做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。Ifhewereherethisevening，wewouldplaycards.如果他今晚在这的话，我们就玩牌。夯实根底(1)Ifyouhad_takenmyadvice，youwouldn’t_have_failedintheexam.如果你听从了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。(2)IfIwereyou，Iwould/should/could/might_acceptherinvitation.如果我是你的话，我会接受她的邀请。(3)Ifitwere_to_rain/should_rain/rainedtomorrow，thesportsmeetingwould_be_put_off.如果明天下雨，运动会就要推迟。(1)Therearemore_newly­built_houses(较多新建的房子)inthisvillagethaninthatone.(2)Manystudentssignedupforthe_800­metre­long_race(800米赛跑)inthesportsmeetingtobeheldnextFriday.(3)Speakingofallthesongshehaswritten，Ithinkthisisprobablyhis_best­known_one(他最知名的一首)．(4)Italyisa_most_attractive_European_country(一个非常吸引人的欧洲国家)andhowIwishIwouldgotherefora_second_time(再一次)．(5)Atfirst，itseemedthateverythingwentwell，butall_of_a_sudden(突然)，theshiphit_an_iceberg(撞在冰山上)．Ⅰ.教材活用——根据课文内容完成下面的短文In1969，anetworkofcomputerscalledDARPANET1.wascreated(create)throughthetelephone.OnlytheUSarmycouldusethissystem2.untilin1984theNSFNETnetworkcameinto3.being(be)．NSFNET，4.later(late)knownas“Internet〞，made5.itpossibleforuniversitiestousethesystemaswell.Andthanks6.toanEnglishscientist，TimBerners­Lee，it7.finally(final)becamepossibleforeveryonetousetheInternet.In1989，whileworkinginSwitzerland，Berners­Leecameupwith8.theideaoftheWorldWideWeb,9.whichheinventedtwoyearslater.Healsodesignedthefirst“webbrowser〞，atoolforcomputeruserstoaccessdocumentsfromothercomputers.Fromthattime10.on，thewebandtheInternetgrew.NoweveryoneintheworldcanaccesstheInternet.Ⅱ.课外拓展——阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式Afterschool，LindaandJamesare1.talking(talk)ontheirwayhome.Linda：Ifeelabittiredafter2.awholeday’swork.James：3.SodoI．Whatdoyoudotorelaxyourself?Linda：Ienjoy4.chatting(chat)onlinewithmyfriends，goingtothemoviesanddoingmanyotherthings.James：What’syourfavoritehobby?Linda：I5.collectstamps.Itrymybesttogetstampsfromothercountries.Whataboutyou?James：Ienjoyridingmybikeandlookingatthesceneryalongtheroad.6.Itisafunwaytoexercise，thoughcyclingisabit7.dangerous(danger)．Ilikeplayingtennis，too.Linda：Nowonderyouarealwaysso8.energetic(energy)．James：Yes.Ifwedoexerciseeveryday，wecan9.keepourheartandlungsingoodshape.Linda：NowI’mputtingonweight.10.Canyougivemesometipsonhowtokeepfit?James：Thebestwaytokeepfitistodosomesports.I’mgoingcyclingnow.Doyouwanttogowithme?Linda：Soundswonderful！Let’sgotothecountrysidetogether.Ⅰ.阅读理解ATVisnotyourfriend.Infact，accordingtoanewstudy，it’syourenemy.Researchershavediscoveredthateveryhourperdayspentwatchingtelevisionincreasesyourchanceofdyingfromheartdiseasebyonefifth.Weallknowasedentarylifestylecanleadtodisastroushealthproblems，butthisnewstudyshowseventhemostphysicallyfitareatriskofheartdiseasewhentheyspendagoodamountoftimewatchingTV.“Evenifsomeonehasahealthybodyweight，sittingforlongperiodsoftimestillhasanunhealthyinfluenceontheirbloodsugarandbloodfats，〞saysProfessorDavidDunstan，thestudy’sleadresearcher.Australianscientists，ledbyProfessorDunstan，lookedatabout9,000peopleoverthecourseofsixyears，groupingthemintocategoriesdependingonhowmuchtelevisiontheywatched.Thegroupthatwatchedthemost(fourormorehoursaday)were80%morelikelytodevelopheartdiseaseanddiefromit.AccordingtoProfessorDunstan，thishasasmuchtodowiththefactthattelevisionisthemostpopularformofleisureasitdoesthatourgenerallifestyleshavechanged.“Whathashappenedisthatalotofthenormalactivitiesofdailylivingthatinvolvedstandingupandmovingthemusclesinthebodyhavebeenconvertedtositting，〞hesaid.“Technological，social，andeconomicchangesmeanthatpeopledon’tmovetheirmusclesasmuchastheyusedto—consequentlythelevelsofenergyexpenditure(消耗)aspeoplegoabouttheirlivescontinuetoshrink.〞Sowhatshouldyoudo？Getmoving！Findcreativewaystokeepmobile—bikeinsteadofdrive，dochoreswhilewatchingTV，throwawaytheremote—andyou’llgiveyourselfthebestchanceforalongandhealthylife.1．FromthepassageweknowthatoneofthedisadvantagesofwatchingTVisthatit.A．isawasteoftimeB．hassomejunkinformationC．doesharmtoone’shealthD．pollutestheenvironment答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“研究者发现每天看电视一小时，死于心脏病的几率会增加1/5〞可知，看电视对身体有害。2．Theunderlinedpart“asedentarylifestyle〞inParagraph2maymeanastyleinwhichonehastospend.A．allthetimemovingrepeatedlyB．alittletimesittingdownC．sometimewalkingbackandforthD．quitealongtimesittingdown答案D解析词义猜想题。根据该段内容和第三段可知，坐的时间太久对身体不好，故画线局部意为“坐的时间太久〞。3．Accordingtothepassage，whatshouldwedoinordertolivealongerandhappierlife?A．Saynotosugar.B．Watchourbodyweightclosely.C．Keepmovingindifferentways.D．Refusetechnological，social，andeconomicchanges.答案C解析推理判断题。根据文中所述长时间坐着的害处可推断，多活动有益健康。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．HealthandTelevisionB．StepAwayfromTelevisionC．MakeGoodUseofTelevisionD．TelevisionBringsUsNoLeisure答案B解析标题归纳题。从第一段开始，第二段、第三段和第四段都直接谈到长时间看电视有害健康，故本文的主旨是劝导人们远离电视。BIfyou’remakingthefilmwithotherpeople，organizeyourcastandcreweffectively.Makesureeverybodyknowstheirroleandwhatdayandtimesthey’reneeded.Givepeoplespecificjobssotheycanbecomeexpertsintheirfield.Forexample，asoundrecordistlistenstothesoundthroughheadphonesasit’sbeingrecorded，andholdsanextramicrophoneifneeded.Acameraoperatorframesthepicture，setsfocus，checksthelightandrecordstheaction.Theeditor“cuts〞thepicturetogetherafterit’sshot(拍摄)．Aproduceristhecontactpointforthefilm.Heorshemakessurecrewandcastarethereontime，talkstothepressandorganizesthebudget.Adirectorhastomakesuretheirvisioniscommunicated.Todothiseveryoneneedstobeclearaboutwhatthedirectorexpectsfromeachsceneandeachshot.Youmayalsoneedamake­up­artist，achoreographer，adriveretc.However，youcanquiteeasilymakeyourfirstfilmonyourown.Makeaschedulethatsayswhichshotsaretobetakenwhereandwhen(thisiscalledashootingschedule)andwhenyou’vecompletedatake，crossitoffthelist.Rememberthatyoumaywanttoshoot“outofsequence〞，e.g.shootthelastscenefirst，andthefirstlast.Similarlyifthefilmbeginsandendsbyatreeinthepark，itmaymakesensetofilmbothsceneswhileyou’rethere.Continuityisparticularlyimportantindrama.TakeaPolaroidcameraandtakephotostocapturedetails.Youmayneedtocomebacktoascenedayslater.Whenyoudecideyourlocations，considerwhetheryouneedpermissiontousethespace，hownoisyitwillbeandwhatthelightwillbelikeatthetimeofdayyouwillneedtouseit.Istherepoweravailable？Areyoulikelytobeinterrupted?Ifyou’remakinganimation(动画片)oranycomputergeneratedstuff，haveaspacethatyoucancontrol.Youmayneedextralightsandyoumayneedtoleaveworkinprogress.Makesurepeoplelivingwithyouareawarewhat’shappening.Animationneedsalotofundisturbedconcentrationandpatience.Keepatitandit’llpayoff.AardmannandDisneybothstartedoffathomeexperimentingwithclay(黏土)，pensandacamera.5．Fromthefirsttwoparagraphswecansee.A．everycrewmemberisanexpertinhisfieldB．carefulpreparationsandarrangementarequitenecessaryC．boththecastandcrewmustarriveatthesametimeeverydayD．everypersonshouldhavehisequipmentwhileworkingtogether答案B解析细节理解题。前两段主要讲述拍摄电影的前期准备工作，包括演员名单、工作人员以及他们需要各负其责，分工协作。6．Adirectorknowsthepurposeofeachstepofthework，but.A．heneedn’ttellothersaboutthatB．othermembersjustfollowhisordersC．hemusthaveitknownandwellunderstoodbyothersD．othersmayhavetheirownideasandspecialwaysofworking答案C解析细节理解题。根据第五段可知，导演要清楚拍摄的每个步骤，而且要让每个工作人员都了解其目的和所要到达的效果。7．Itcanbeinferredfromthenext­to­lastparagraphthat.A．youneedaskothers’advicewhendecidinglocationsB．itiseasytofindaproperlocationtoshootafilmC．onceyoufindagoodplacetofilmyoumustcheckitlaterD．unexpectedthingsmayhappenwhileyouareshootinginaplace答案D解析推理判断题。拍外景要考虑别人是否允许使用，要考虑外景地的环境，包括噪音、光线、电力供给等，由此推测如果考虑不周，有可能会发生意想不到的事情。8．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Preparationsformakinganimation.B．Theimportanceoffamily’ssupport.C．Theequipmentofmakinganimation.D．SuccessfulstoriesofAardmannandDisney.答案A解析段落大意题。最后一段谈到拍摄动画片时，需要准备一个场地、额外的灯光、安排工作进度、得到身边的人的理解与支持等等，这些都是拍摄动画片的准备工作。文章中的2个阅读障碍句分析1．Similarlyifthefilmbeginsandendsbyatreeinthepark，itmaymakesensetofilmbothsceneswhileyou’rethere.(Paragraph6)句式分析：该句中包含一个if引导的条件状语从句，一个while引导的时间状语从句。自主翻译：类似地，如果这部电影以在一个公园里的一棵树开始和结束，那么当你在那里的时候，拍摄这两个场景可能是比拟明智的做法。2．Whenyoudecideyourlocations，considerwhetheryouneedpermissiontousethespace，hownoisyitwillbeandwhatthelightwillbelikeatthetimeofdayyouwil