Unit+3+Discovering+Useful+Structures高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

新人教版高中英语必修二Unit3TheInternet

DiscoveringUsefulStructuresLearningobjectives:Afterlearningthisclass,you’reableto...1.learntheformofPresentperfectpassivevoice.2.knowhowtousePresentperfectpassivevoiceinaspecificsituation.3.WriteablogtodiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofInternet.TomcatchesJerry.JerryiscaughtbyTom.一个内容两种说法从动作发出者角度从动作承受者角度主动说法被动说法主动语态被动语态选择哪一种呢？关键看强调的对象和角度被动语态的几个概念Tom

catches

Jerry.Jerry

iscaughtbyTom.动作的发出者动作动作的承受者被动语态的句子中由______引出动作的发出者。byby有“通过，被”的意思被动语态的基本形式观察下列被动语态的句子，圈出表示被动含义的谓语部分。Thetreesareplantedbythevolunteers.Disneylandisenjoyedbymillionsofpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thewastewaterispouredintotheriverbythechemicalfactory.被动语态的基本形式:be+p.p.（动词的过去分词）主动语态如何转换成被动语态？BYYUSHENTalkaboutsomethingthathasbeendoneReadthepairsofsentences.Underlineandcomparethedifferentverbforms.Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.TheInternethasgreatlyimprovedJan’slife.PeoplehavewrittenmuchaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.BYYUSHEN现在完成时activepassiveThestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomhasbeencleaned.Youneedn’tcleanitnow.present(now)futurepast表示说话时已经完成的被动性的动作或结果，主语是动作的承受者。BYYUSHENHowdoweformthepresentperfectpassivevoice?Fillintheblank.have/hasbeen+v-ed主动语态变被动语态的原则“三变”原句主语by的宾语宾语主语

谓语由主动被动“三不变”原句意思不变原句时态不变原句主谓宾以外成分不变TalkaboutsomethingthathasbeendoneBYYUSHEN现在完成时的被动语态结构形式肯定形式：Hishomeworkhasbeenfinished.否定形式：Hishomeworkhasnotbeenfinished.一般疑问句:Hashishomeworkbeenfinishedyet?特殊疑问句：Howlonghashishomeworkbeenfinished?主语+have/hasbeendone...主语+have/hasnotbeendone...have/has+主语+beendone...?疑问词+have/has+主语+beendone...?BYYUSHEN现在完成时的被动语态的用法Theletter

(post)already.Manyhouses

(build)forthepoorsofar.hasbeenpostedhavebeenbuilt用法1:强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，主语和谓语之间为被动关系，通常与already,yet,just,never,recently等副词连用Activity1BYYUSHENThemachine

(repair)fortwohoursbutitstilldoesn’twork.Papermoney__(use)forover50years.用法2:表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“Howlong...?”句型中。hasbeenrepairedhasbeenusedBYYUSHENYoushouldn’tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomework____________________(finish).Everyonewillfeelextremelydelightedifhe___________________(admit)toSouthChinaNormalUniversity.hasbeenadmittedhasbeenfinished用法3:用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。现在完成时态被动语态运用注意1.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。1.Theparkwasopenedtothepubliclastyear.去年这个公园向公众开放。（说明动作发生于过去）2.Theparkhasbeenopenedtothepublic.这个公园已向公众开放。（说明动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经向公众开放了）2.

非延续性动词，如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join

等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能和一段时间状语连用。Theworkwasfinishedtwoweeksago.这项工作于两周前被完成。Theworkhasbeenfinished.

这项工作已经被完成。3.

短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可以省略动词短语中的介词或副词。Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.据说已经调查了这个问题。4.

注意现在完成时的被动语态中的两个助动词，即have/has

和been，两者缺一不可。5.带有双宾语的动词，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，变为被动语态时，将间接宾语变为主语，若将直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词短语。Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecently(bythecompany).→Achancetoworkabroadhasbeengiventohimrecently(bythecompany).6.

带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，宾补变为主补。注意：原来省略to的不定式作宾补时，被动语态时to要加回去。Ihavetoldthemtotaketheiridentitycards.--Theyhavebeentoldtotaketheiridentitycards.(1)Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.(2)Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.7.副词的位置：often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间8.

只有及物动词才有被动语态形式，但不是所有的及物动词都是如此，如某些表示状态或表示关系的动词或短语只有主动语态，而无被动语态。

常见的这类动词有：cost(花费),

fit(适合),have(有),hold(容纳),lack(缺乏),own(占有),suit(适合),fail(失败),last(持续),happen(发生),occur(发生),takeplace(发生),breakout(爆发),belongto(属于),agreewith(同意)e.g.

(1)TaiwanbelongstoChina.(2)Thecoatcostme¥300.1.We’vedonealotofworkonit,butwe_______________(finish)yet.2.Tom________________(work)inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.3.Morepublictransport_____________(build)inChina,makingiteasierforpeopletotravel.4.Progress_________(be)sofarverygoodandwearesurethattheworkwillbefinishedontime.5._____________(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn’twanttoeatthereagain.havenotfinishedhasbeenworkinghasbeenbuilthasbeenHavingeaten高考链接6.Noagreement____________(reach)yesterdayaftermanyroundsoftalks.7.Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement_______________(reach)sofarbythetwosides.8.I________________(show)aroundtheWaterCubeformanytimessinceitwasbuilt.9._________________(show)aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird’sNestforthe2008OlympicGames.wasreachedhasbeenreachedhavebeenshownHavingbeenshownExercises一、用动词正确形式填空。1.FirstasaPCandthenasalaptop,I____________(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.2.Over

timemymemory______________(develop)somuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingI___________(told).3.Since

the

1970smanynewapplications_____________(find)forme.4.Ihavealso___________(put)intorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellas______(help)withmedicaloperations.5.I____________________(put)intospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMoonandMars.has

developedhave

been

told

have

been

used

have

been

foundbeenputhelphave

evenbeenput

语法填空(用所给词的正确时态、语态填空)LiMing：Hi，LinTao.Hownicetoseeyouonthefirstdayofthenewterm!LinTao：Yes.Nicetoseeyouagain.LiMing：Iknowthatyourparents6.

(work)inYushuforyears.Canyoutellmesomethingthereaftertheearthquake?LinTao：Ofcourse.Sincetheearthquake7.

(happen)，manysoldiers8.

(send)there，andmanykindsofsupplies(物资供应)9.

(carry)therefromalloverthecountry.Now，mostpeoplethere10.

(live)ahappy