2023学年完整公开课版必修5unit1GreatscientistsUsinglanguage

Unit1GreatscientistsReadingandWritingNicolausCopernicusBirth:

February19,1473

Death:

May24,1543

PlaceofBirth:

Toruń,Poland

Career:

1491-1494

StudiedmathematicsatKrakówAcademy1496WenttoItalytostudyastronomyandlawattheUniversityofBologna

BriefIntroductionofCopernicusHewasoneofthefirstscientiststousemathematicalobservationstocollectinformation.Hebelievedthesunisthecenteroftheuniverseandtheearthandotherplanetswentaroundit.EightPlanetsintheSolarSystem

Mercury

MarsVenusEarthJupiterSaturnUranusNeptuneor？Copernicus

Before

Copernicus’

theory

ShowingCopernicus’theoryAdiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththeearthatitscentre

Adiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththesunatitscentre

SkimmingMindmapofthetextParagraph1:thebackgroundofCopernicus’studyParagraph2:thecauseofCopernicus’studyParagraph3:theprocedureofCopernicus’studyParagraph4:theresultofCopernicus’studyParagraph5:Copernicus’theoryreplacedtheChristianideaandprovedcorrect.1.AtCopernicus’time,ChristianChurchwasinchargeofmanywestern

countries.2.Copernicusnoticedthatobservedfromtheearth,someplanetsappearinfrontoforbehindtheearth.3.Copernicusdidn’tshowhisnewtheorytohisfriendsuntilhecompletedit.TFTTrueorFalse?4.Hisfriendswerenotinterestedinhisideas.5.SincehewasnotafraidofbeingattackedbytheChurch,Copernicuspublishedhisbookassoonashefinishedworkingonit.6.Newton,Einstein,andHawkingareallscientistswhomadecontributiontothestudyoftheuniverse.FFTCarefulreadingReadthetextcarefully,thenanswerthesequestions.BecausethepowerfulChristianChurchwouldhavepunishedhimforevensuggestingsuchanidea.2.Whatwashistheoryabout?(Para1)

Allhismathematicalcalculationsledto

thesameconclusion:thattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.Whywouldhenottellabouthistheory?(Para1)3.Whathadtheastronomersnoticedinthesky?(Para2)

Theyhadnoticedthatsomeplanetsintheskyseemedtostop,movebackwardandthengoforwardinaloop.Othersappearedbrighterattimesandlessbrightatothers.4.WhendidCopernicuscompletehistheory?(Para3)Between1510and1514heworkedonit,graduallyimprovinghistheoryuntilhefeltitwascomplete.5.Howdidheexplainchangesinthemovementoftheplanetsandinthebrightnessofthestars?Whendidhepublishhisidea?(Para4)Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.Healsosuggestedthattheearthwas

spinning

asitwentrounditandthisexplainchangesinthemovementoftheplanetsandinthebrightnessofthestars.Hepublisheditashelaydyingin1543.6.WhydopeoplethinkthatthereisadirectlinkbetweenhisideasandtheworkofIsaacNewton,AlbertEinsteinandStephenHawking?Becausehistheoryisnowthebaseonwhichallourideasoftheuniversearebuilt.HistheoryreplacedtheChristianideaofgravitywhichsaidthingsfelltoearthbecauseGodcreatedtheearthasthecentreoftheUniverse.Heshowedthiswasobviouslywrong.SummaryCopernicuswas_________becausehefoundtheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolar________,onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthe___________oftheotherplanetsinthesky___________.Hekeptimprovinghisnewtheoryuntilhefeltitwas__________in1514.Hesuggestedthattheearthwas_________asitwentroundthesun.

confused

systemmovementsmakesense.completedspinningHisfriendswere___________andencouragedhimtopublishhisideas,butCopernicuswas________hedidn’twanttobe_________byChristianChurch.Infact,hewasright.TheChurch_________histheory,sayingitwasagainstGod’sidea.enthusiasticcautiousattackedrejectedBrunowasbornfiveyearsafterCopernicusdied.HestucktotheSun-centeredTheory,whichwasagainsttheChurch’swill.In1600,hewasburnttodeath.Althoughhehadtriedtoignorethem,allhismathematicalcalculationsledto

thesameconclusion:thattheearthwasnotthecentreofthesolarsystem.虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所有的数学计算都得出同样一个结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。LanguagePointsleadto

引起;造成;导致Thiswillprobablylead

totroubleinthefuture.Thisled

tohisconclusionthatshewasguilty.Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoftenlead

toillness.Allroadslead

toRome.条条大道通罗马。Thediscoveryofnewevidenceled

to_______.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaughtCleadto+n\doing2.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymake

sense.只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。“only+副词/介词短语/状语从句”位于句首,句子要倒装。=Themovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesenseonlyifyouputthesunthere.

Onlyifyouridentityhasbeenchecked,_____.A.youareallowedinB.youwillbeallowedinC.willyouallowinD.willyoubeallowedinDOnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofknowledge.Onlyinthiswaycanweworkoutthemathsproblem.Onlywhen____thetruth,______torealizethatshewaswrong.A.didMaryhear;didshebeginB.Maryhear;shebeganC.didMaryhear;shebeganD.Maryheard;didshebeginDonly

if

只有;只要Thecompanywillsucceedonlyifithavesufficientbacking.Ifonly

hecomesearly.

如果……就好了Onlyif

theteachergivesapermission

can

Ienterthelab.make

sense

有意义,有道理,说得通1)Whatyousaymakesnosense.2)Itwouldmake

sensetoleaveearly.3)Canyoumake

sense

ofthispoem?你说的话没有道理。还是早点走好。(明智的,合理的)你看得懂这首诗吗？(理解或弄懂)1)表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测，或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成，通常用来说明某一情况，但不象should或oughtto那样含有责备之意。如：wouldhavedone3.YethecouldnottellanyoneabouthistheoryasthepowerfulChristianChurch

wouldhavepunishedhimforevensuggestingsuchanidea.Iguessthepoetwouldhavebeenabout20whenshewrotethepoem.Anotherworkerwouldn’thaveactedlikethat.

2)相关知识总结：needn’thave+过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，译为“其实没必要……”shouldhave+过去分词,表示应该做某事但实际上未做,译为“本应该……”shouldnothave+过去分词,表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了,译为“本不应该……”4.work

on

1)从事Sheisworking

onanewnovel.(=Sheiswritinganewnovel.)2)继续工作They’llworkontillsunset.他们将继续工作，直到日落。3)致力于……Hehasbeenworkingonanewnovelforoverayearnow.近一年多来，他一直在写一部新小说。6.enthusiastic:

havingordemonstratingenthusiasmadj.热心的，满腔热情的enthusiasticsupport热情的支持

be

enthusiastic

about

对某事充满热情5.complete

vt.&adj.完成；完整的，完成的

Theworkershaven’tcompleted

thehouseyet.(vt.)Whenwilltheworkbecomplete?

(adj.)7.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingroundit

andonlythem