2023届高考英语阅读理阅读技巧-细节理解（含答案）

2023届阅读理阅读技巧专练:细节理解

（共5题）

一、阅读理解题（共5题）

1.Bynow,weareallawarethatsocialmediahashadatremendousinfluenceonourculture,in

business,ontheworld-at-large.Socialmediawebsitesrevolutionizedthewaypeoplecommunicateand

socializeontheWeb.However;asidefromseeingyourfriend'snewbabyonFacebook,orreadingabout

JustinBieber'slatestconflictwiththelawonTwitter,whataresomeoftherealinfluences?

Socialnetworksoffertheopportunityforpeopletore-connectwiththeiroldfriendsand

acquaintances,makenewfriends,shareideasandpictures,andmanyotheractivities.Userscankeep

pacewiththelatestglobalandlocaldevelopments,andparticipateincampaignsandactivitiesoftheir

choices.ProfessionalsusesocialmediasiteslikeLinkedlntoenhancetheircareerandbusiness

development.Studentscanworktogetherwiththeirpeerstoimprovetheiracademicand

communicationskills.

Unfortunately,thereareafewdownsidestootosocialnetworking.Ifyouarenotcareful,immoral

peoplecantargetyouforcyberbullyinganddisturbanceonsocialsites.Schoolchildren,younggirls,and

womencanfallvictimtoonlineattackswhichcancreatetensionandsuffering.Ifyouareavictimofcyber

bullying,donottakeitlyingdown,buttrytotakeappropriatelegalactionagainsttheattacker.

Manycompanieshaveblockedsocialnetworksasaddictedemployeescandistractthemselveson

suchsites,insteadoffocusingonwork.Infact,studiesshowthatBritishcompanieshavelostbillionsof

dollarsperyearinproductivitybecauseofsocialmediaaddictionamongemployees.

Also,whatyoucarelesslypostontheNetcancomebacktotroubleyou.Revealing（泄露）personal

informationonsocialsitescanmakeusersvulnerable（易受伤害的）tocrimeslikeidentitytheft,stalking,

etc.ManycompaniesperformabackgroundcheckontheNetbeforehiringanemployee.Ifapotential

employeehaspostedsomethingembarrassingonsocialmedia,itcangreatlyaffecttheirchancesof

gettingthejob.Thesameholdstrueforourrelationshipstoo,asourlovedonesandfriendsmaygetto

knowifwepostsomethingundesirableonsocialnetworks.

Socialmediahasitsadvantagesanddrawbacksaseachcoinhastwosides.Itisuptoeachuserto

usesocialsiteswiselytoenhancetheirprofessionalandsociallife,andexercisecautiontoensuretheydo

notfallvictimtoonlinedangers.

（1）Paragraph2mainlyshowsthatsocialnetworks.

A.helpstudentsfinishtheirhomework

B.offerprofessionalsgoodchances

C.benefitusersinvariousways

D.guideuserstomakerightchoices

(2)Facedwithproblemscausedbysocialmedia,somecompanies

A.forbidtheuseofsocialnetworksduringworktime

B.avoidpostingembarrassinginformation

C.refusetohirepotentialaddictedemployees

D.takelegalactionagainsttheattackers

(3)Themainpurposeofthispassageisto.

A.shareexperiencesinusingsocialmedia

B.remindpeopletowiselyusesocialmedia

C.providesomeadviceonsocialproblems

D.raisepublicawarenessofsocialproblems

(4)Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?

2.EatingHealthily

Therightnutritionisnecessaryforyoutoliveahealthylifestyle.Yourbodyrequiresawell-balanced

dieteverydayinordertomaintaintheadequateamountsofvitamins,nutrientsandmineralsneededto

maintainahealthybody.

Toeatisanecessity,buttocatintelligentlyisanart.—LaRochefoucauld(Frenchwriter)

AnActiveLifestyle

Youwillneedtoincludefitnessaspartofyourlife.Physicalfitnesskeepsyourweightincheck,helps

yousleepbetteratnight,preventsheartattacksandstrokesandotherhealthproblems,andgenerally

prolongsyourlife.Basicallytherearesomanybenefitsofexercisingthatyoureallycan'tliveafulllife

withoutit.

Thosewhothinktheyhavenottimeforbodilyexercisewillsoonerorlaterhavetofindtimefor

illness.—EdwardStanley(EarlofDerby)

StressManagement

Emotionalstressplaysanimportantroleinmanyillnesses,bothdirectlyandindirectly.Peopleare

alsomorelikelytosmoke,overeat,drinktoomuch,worktoohard,arguewithothersandsoon,when

theyarefeelingstressed.Thus,stressmanagementisanimportantpartofyournewlifestyle,and

meditationandrelaxationtechniquesaretrulyakeypartoflivingahealthylifestyle.

MakeFriendswithYourself

Lovingyourselfisakeytoahealthy,happylifestyle.Self-esteemisallabouthowmuchpeoplevalue

themselves;thepridetheyfeelinthemselves,andhowworthwhiletheyfeel.Self-esteemisimportant

becausefeelinggoodaboutyourselfcanaffecthowyouact.

LifeBalance

Ifyouwanttoachieveahealthylifestyleyoumusttakestepstoensureyoumaintainacertainlevel

ofbalance...spiritually,physically,emotionally,socially,mentallyandfinancially.Youneedtobalance

workandfamily,andalltheotherareasofyourlifewithoutspreadingyourselftoothinandhavingaguilt

tripwhenyoudoonething,butthinkyoushouldbedoinganother.Allofthekeyareasofourlives

overlapandinterlink,effectingeachother.Unlesswecreateforourselvessatisfactionineachandevery

partofourlife,wecannevertrulybefulfilled,orliveacontented,happyandhealthylife.

Beinghealthyissoimportant.Justchangeonethinginyourlifetoday.Haveahealthylifebeginning

now.Livingahealthylifestylewillbringyouhappiness,healthandthelifeofyourdreams.Youcanfitinto

yourfavouritepairofjeansagain.Youcanenjoyallthebenefitsthatperfecthealthoffersyou.Youcan

feelyourbestatalltimesoftheday.

(1)Forpeopletohaveahealthylifestyle,whichofthefollowingisNotnecessary?

A.Havingabalanceddietandsomeworkout.

B.Occasionalmeditationandconstantregrets.

C.Managingstressandkeepinglifebalance.

D.Valuingthemselvesandtheirfamilies.

(2)Thewriteradvisespeoplenotto.

A.checktheirweightregularly

B.releasetheiremotionalstress

C.regretonethingwhiledoinganother

D.includefitnessintheirschedules

(3)Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.HealthRoutine

B.IdealHealth

C.BenefitsofaHealthyLifestyle

D.ComponentsofaHealthyLifestyle

3.Archaeologistsarescientistswhosearchforcluesthathelpformaclearerpictureofthelivespeople

ledinthepast.Archaeologyisamodernscience,butithasbeenevolvingforcenturies.Morethan2,400

yearsago,theGreekhistorianHerodotusdescribedtheEgyptianpyramidsandothermonuments.He

mayhavebeenthefirstwritertoconsiderthatremainsandruinscouldprovideinformationforlater

generations.Formorethanathousandyears,however,suchscholarswereobserversratherthan

researchers.

Inthe1700s,scientistsandadventurersfromavarietyofcountriestraveledextensivelytoexplore

ancientsites.Digsthatarestillinprogressbeganin1709atHerculaneum,anItaliancityburiedinash

duringtheexplosionofMountVesuviusinAD79.TheDanishscholarCarstenNiebuhrvisitedtheruinsof

PersepolisintheMiddleEastin1765tostudycuneiformwriting(楔形文字).However,archaeologydidn*t

becomeawidelyrecognizedscienceandschoolsdidn'trecognizethesubjectasascholarlypursuituntil

the19thcentury.Thetermitselfwascoinedin1837.ItcomesfromaLatinwordmeaning"thestudyof

antiquities(古物)Oneofthefirstarchaeologiststouseascientificapproachtothedisciplinewas

HeinrichSchliemannofGermany,whointhelate19thcenturyinvestigatedtheancientcivilizationofthe

cityofTroy.

Today,archaeologistsuncoverthepastinmanydifferentlocations,includingdesertsandjungles,at

sitescalleddigs.Ancientsources,folktales,andlandscapefeaturescansuggestwherearchaeologists

shouldlook.Surveysofthelandhelpthemchoosesiteslikelytoprovideartifacts,theobjectsthatwill

unlockthestoryofaparticularpeople—theirdailylives,theirbeliefs,andtheirtiestoothercultures.A

site,however,doesnothavetobeoldtobeinterestingtoanarchaeologist.Someprefertostudymore

recentsettlements.Onescientist,forinstance,studiescoalminingcampsinCaliforniabyexaminingthe

garbagethatminersleftbehind.Archaeologistsmayworkforuniversities,museumsorgovernments,and

someofthemareinvolvedineducatingthepublicabouttheimportanceofancientsites.Artifacthunters

whoareignorantofhistoryrobtheseplacesandsellwhattheyfindforafewdollarstoimmoraldealers

inantiquities.

(1)WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph1?

A.Archaeologistsarescientistswhomainlyresearchonlivingcreatures.

B.Scholarsobservedanddescribedruinsbetterthanresearchersdid.

C.HerodotuswasthefirstarchaeologisttodiscovertheEgyptianpyramids.

D.Remainsandruinswerecrucialtothestudyofthelivesofancientpeople.

(2)Whichisthecorrecttimeorderoftheevents?

①Theterm"archaeology"wascoined.

②CarstenNiebuhrstudiedcuneiformwritinginPersepolis.

©Scientistsandadventurersstartedtodigandexploreancientsites.

④HeinrichSchliemanninvestigatedtheancientcivilizationofthecityofTroy.

A.③②④①B.②③①④C.③②①④D.②①③④

(3)Theunderlinedword"artifacts"inParagraph3means"

A.objectsthatwereproducednaturally

B.objectsthatweremadebypeople

C.objectsthatwereusedtoeducatethepublic

D.objectsthatweredesertedbyancientpeople

(4)Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Ancientsitesareofgreatvalueanddeservetobeprotectedbythepublic.

B.Iftheartifacthuntersknewthevalueoftheartifacts,theycouldsellthematahigherprice.

C.Archaeologywasdifficultforstudentstolearnsoitwasnotwidelyrecognizedbeforethe19th

century.

D.Recentsettlementsaremoreimportantandattractalotofmodernarchaeologists.

4.Frequencyhoppingtechnologyisabranchofspreadspectrumtechnologythatisthekeyelementin

Wi-Fi,cellphone,GPSsystem,communicationontheInternetandanti-jammingdevicesusedinmilitary.

HedyLamarr;theinventoroffrequencyhoppingtechnologywasalsoafamousHollywoodactressinthe

mid-20thcentury.Herinventionpavedthewayforthedevelopmentofspreadspectrumthatisthe

basementofmodernmobilecommunication.

It'shardtoconnectanattractiveactresstoaseriousscientist.HedyLamarr;borninVienna,Austria

onNovember9,1913,wasbeautifulandsmart.ShewasthedaughterofarichbankerfromaJewish

familyinAustria.AfterHedywasborn,hermothergaveupherpianistcareertocareforHedy.Hedy's

parentshadputhereducationinthepriority.Shetookballet,pianoandEuropeanlanguagelessonswith

privatetutorsatanearlyage.Shealsolearnedbasicconceptsofsignaltechnology.Attheageof16she

quitschooltochaseherdreamofbecomingamoviestar.However,Hedy'smostremarkableachievement

wasnotasanactressbutascientist.

Herhusband,anarmsmerchant,alwaysbroughthertohisbusinessmeetingswherehetalked

aboutdevelopingdetectivedevices,radiosignalandweaponswithhisclients.Hedylistenedtotheir

conversationscarefullyandherbrainwasalwaysinhighTherefore,sheknewmissilesaimedatthe

enemycouldbepreventedfromreachingtheirtargetsbyjammingthesignals.In1941,withthehelpof

musicianGeorgeAntheil,Hedydesignedanewkindofsecretcommunicationsysteminspiredbypiano

whichwastheearlyformoffrequencyhopping.HedyofferedherpatenteddevicetotheU.S.Militaryfor

free.Unfortunately,thistechnologywasfaraheadofitstime,andthemilitaryestablishmentdidnottake

herinventionseriously.

AfterherpatenthadexpiredinI960,theU.S.Armysecretlyputhertechnologyintotestingand

production.AndHedywasneverpaidadimeonhertechnology.In1997,HedyLamarrwasgiventhe

ElectronicFrontierFoundationAwardforherbrilliantworkinwirelesstechnologyandshebecamethe

firstwomantoreceivetheBULBIEGnassSpiritofAchievementAwardin1998.

(1)WhydidHedyLamarrquitschoolwhenshewas16yearsold?

A.Becauseherparentscouldn'taffordhertuition.

B.Becauseshewantedtobeascientist.

C.Becauseshewasundergreatpressureofstudy.

D.Becauseshelongedtobeamoviestar.

(2)WhichofthefollowingdidNOTcontributetoHedyLamarr'sinvention?

A.Hedy'sbasicknowledgeofsignaltechnology.

B.Hedy'sactingexperiencesinHollywood.

C.ThehelpfrommusicianGeorgeAntheil.

D.Thebusinessmeetingsshewenttowithherhusband.

(3)WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3mean?

A.Hedycouldn'tunderstandtheconversationsandfeltconfused.

B.Hedywasdelightedinlisteningtotheconversations.

C.Hedywasgoodatprocessinginformationandabsorbingknowledge.

D.Hedyfeltverystressedandnervousatthebusinessmeeting.

(4)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Frequencyhoppingtechnologycanonlybeusedinverylimitedfields.

B.Hedyishighlyrecognizedasanactressratherthanascientist.

C.TheU.S.MilitaryvaluedHedy'sinventionbecauseitwasveryadvanced.

D.Hedy'sinventioniscriticaltomodernmobilecommunication.

5.Thesearecommondecision-makingexamplesindailylife.Apartfromthese,youshouldknowabout

otherdecision-makingexamples.Whetherwetalkaboutdecision-makingexamplesinourpersonallives

oratwork,wecanspotmanymoredecision-makingskillsexamples,somesoroutineyoudon'teven

noticethem.However,somedecisionscanhaveafar-reachingimpact.

Initssimplestsense,decision-makingistheactofchoosingbetweentwoormorecoursesofaction.

Inthewiderprocessofproblem-solving,decision-makinginvolveschoosingbetweenpossiblesolutionsto

aproblem.Decisionscanbemadethrougheitheranintuitiveorreasonedprocess,oracombinationof

thetwo.

Intuitionisusingyour"gutfeeling"aboutpossiblecoursesofaction.

Althoughpeopletalkaboutitasifitwasamagical"sense",intuitionisactuallyacombinationofpast

experienceandyourpersonalvalues.Itisworthtakingyourintuitionintoaccount,becauseitreflects

yourlearningaboutlife.Itis,however;notalwaysbasedonreality,onlyyourperceptions,manyofwhich

mayhavestartedinchildhoodandmaynotbeverymatureasaresult.

Itisthereforeworthexaminingyourgutfeelingclosely,especiallyifyouhaveaverystrongfeeling

againstaparticularcourseofaction,toseeifyoucanworkoutwhy,andwhetherthefeelingisjustified.

Reasoningisusingthefactsandfiguresinfrontofyoutomakedecisions.

Reasoninghasitsrootsinthehere-and-now,andinfacts.Itcan,however;ignoreemotionalaspects

tothedecision,andinparticular,issuesfromthepastthatmayaffectthewaythatthedecisionis

implemented.

Intuitionisaperfectlyacceptablemeansofmakingadecision,althoughitisgenerallymore

appropriatewhenthedecisionisofasimplenatureorneedstobemadequickly.

Morecomplicateddecisionstendtorequireamoreformal,structuredapproach,usuallyinvolving

bo