2023年考研外语考前冲刺试卷6

考研外语考前冲刺试卷6

一、UseofEnglish

1Fearsof“madcow“diseasespread(1)theglobelast

week(2)SouthAfrica,NewZealandandSingaporejoining

mostofBritain'sEuropeanUnionpartnersin(3)imports

ofBritishbeef.InLondon,steakrestaurantswereempty

followingtheMarch20announcementbyscientiststhattheyhad

founda(4)linkbetweenmadcowdiseasefromBritishbeef

anditshuman(5),Creutzfeldt-Jakobdisease(CJD).

Effortstoreassureconsumersandgovernmentsproved(6).

France,Germany,Italy,FinlandandGreecewereamongcountries

whichannouncedbans(7)Britishbeefshipments.

AcommitteeofEUveterinaryexperts,meetinginBrussels,

(8)newprotectivemeasuresbutsaidtransmissionofthe

diseasefromcattletohumanswasunprovenanddidnot(9)

ageneralbanonBritishbeefexports.Britain'sownmain

consumergroupadvisedpeopleto(10)beefiftheywanted

tobeabsolutelysureofnot(11)CJDwhichdestroysthe

brainandisalways(12).

“CoulditbeworsethanAIDS?”

ThestarkheadlineinFriday'sDailymailnewspaper

encapsulatedthefearanduncertainty(13)Britain.CJD

(14)humansinthesamewaythatBSEmakescowsmad一by

eatingawaynervecellsinthebrain(15)itlookslike

aspongySwisscheese.

Thediseaseisincurable.Victimsshow(16)_____ofdementia

andmemorylossandusuallydie(17)sixmonths.

Littleisknown(18)sureaboutthegroupofdiseasesknown

collectivelyasspongiform,encephalopathies,whichexplains

(19)someeminentscientistsarenotpreparedto(20)

ahumanepidemicofAIDS-likeproportions.

A.in

B.on

C.over

D.around

2、(2)

A.from

B.with

C.upon

D.to

3、⑶

A.accepting

B.banning

C.cancelling

D.allowing

4、(4)

A.likely

B.liking

C.alike

D.like

5、(5)

A.same

B.equivalent

C.counterpart

D.likeness

6、(6)

A.fruit

B.fruitful

C.failure

D.fruitless

7、(7)

A.on

B.in

C.over

D.for

8、(8)

A.haverecommended

B.hasrecommended

C.recommended

D.recommending

9、(9)

A.callon

B.callfor

C.callin

D.callforth

10、(10)

A.stoptoeat

B.stopeating

C.stoptobeeating

D.stopnottoeat

11、(11)

A.tocontract

B.beingcontracted

C.contracting

D.contract

12、(12)

A.fatal

B.deadly

C.lethal

D.mortal

13、(13)

A.whichisgripping

B.togrip

C.gripped

D.gripping

14、(14)

A.affected

B.affects

C.effect

D.affecting

15、(15)

A.after

B.before

C.until

D.when

16、(16)

A.marks

B.trace

C.symbols

D.signs

17、(17)

A.after

B.until

C.in

D.within

18、(18)

A.in

B.of

C.for

D.to

19、(19)

A.how

B.why

C.what

D.when

20、(20)

A.ruleoff

B.ruleout

C.ruleover

D.ruleof

to

6

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Sharkshavegainedanunfairreputationforbeingfierce

predatorsoflargeseaanimals.Humanity*sunfoundedfearand

hatredoftheseancientcreaturesisleadingtoaworldwide

slaughterthatmayresultintheextinctionofmanylarger,

coastalsharkspecies.Thesharkisthevictimofawarped

attitudeofwildlifeprotection:westriveonlytoprotectthe

beautiful,nonthreateningpartsofourenvironment.And,inour

effortstorestoreonlynonthreateningpartsofourearth,we

ignoreotherimportantparts.

Aperfectillustrationofthisattitudeisthecontrasting

attitudetowardsanotherlargeseaanimal,thedolphin.During

the1980s,environmentalistsintheU.S.A.protestedtheuse

ofdriftnetsfortunafishinginthePacificOceansincethese

netsalsocaughtdolphins.Theenvironmentalistsgenerated

enoughpoliticalandeconomicpressuretopreventtuna

companiesfrombuyingtunathathadbeencaughtindriftnets.

Incontrasttothiseffort,thepopulationsofsharksinthe

PacificOceanhavedecreasedtothepointofextinctionand

therehasbeenverylittleeffortbythesameenvironmentalists

tosavethisimportantspecies,ofmarinewildlife.Sharksare

amongtheoldestcreaturesonearth,havingsurvivedintheseas

formorethan350millionyears.Theyareextremelyefficient

animals,feedingonwoundedordyinganimals,thusperforming

animportantroleinnatureofweedingouttheweakeranimals

inaspecies.JustthefactthatspeciessuchastheGreatWhite

Sharkhavemanagedtoliveintheoceansforsomanymillions

ofyearsisenoughproofoftheirefficiencyandadaptability

tochangingenvironments.Itistimeforhumans,whomaynot

surviveanother1000yearsattheratetheyaredamagingthe

planet,toeastawaytheirfearsandbeginconsideringthe

protectionofsharksascreaturesthatmayprovideusinsight

intoourownsurvival.

Themainfocusofthispassageis.

A.whysharkshavesuchabadreputation

B.howsharksbecomesomeoftheoldestcreaturesonearth

C.howsharksillustrateaprobleminwildlifeprotection

D.whythecampaigntosavedolphinswasnotextendedtosave

sharks

2、

Abouthowlonghavesharkslivedontheplanet?

A.25millionyears.

B.150millionyears.

C.350millionyears.

D.500millionyears.

3、

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthis

passage?

A.Specifictogeneral.

B.Causeandeffect.

C.Statementandexample.

D.Chronologicalorder.

4、

Howdidenvironmentalistsmanagetoprotectdolphins?

A.Theypreventedfishermenfromsellingthemformeat.

B.Theypressuredfishermenintoprotectingdolphinsbylaw.

C.Theybroughtpoliticalpressureagainsttunacompanies.

D.Theycreatedsanctuarieswheredolphinfishingwasnot

allowed.

5、

Whatistheauthor'sattitudeinthispassage?

A.Explanatory.

B.Persuasive.

C.Humorous.

D.Narrative.

6、InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportant

andhadstrongreligiousassociation.TheOlympianathletic

festivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonourofZeus,kingofthe

OlympianGods,eventuallylostitslocalcharacter,became

firstanationaleventandthen,aftertherulesagainstforeign

competitorshadbeenabolished,international.Nooneknows

exactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficial

recordsdatefrom776B.C.

ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.

ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreece,

butnomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,

womenanddishonouredpersonswerenotallowedtocompete.The

exactsequenceofeventsisuncertain,buteventsincluded

boy'sgymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horseracingandfield

events,thoughtherewerefewersportsinvolvedthaninthe

modernOlympicGames.

OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonouredby

havingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.So

greatwasthehonourthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehis

nametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinners

receivednoprizemoney,theywere,infact,richlyrewarded

bytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwith

modernstandards,weunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.

Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1200years,theGames

weresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.Theycontinuedforsuch

alongtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehind

theOlympics:theideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthy

mind,andthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgames

waspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover

1500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathletic

gatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.

Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.

Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilities,includingastadium,

swimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodation,butcompeting

countriespaytheirownathletes(expenses.

TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorch,

lightedonMountOlympusbythesun'srays.Itiscarriedby

asuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.Thetorchsymbolized

thecontinuationoftheancientGreekathleticideals,andit

burnsthroughouttheGamesuntiltheclosingceremony.The

well-knownOlympicflag,however,isamodernconception:the

fiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfive

continentsparticipatingintheGames.

InancientGreece,theOlympicGames.

A.weremerelynationalathleticfestivals

B.wereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrong

religiouscolour

C.hadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsins

disadvantageousposition

D.wereprimarilynationaleventswithfewforeign

participants

7、

IntheearlydaysofancientOlympicGames.

A.onlymaleGreekathleteswereallowedtoparticipateinthe

Games

B.allGreeks,irrespectiveinofsex,religionorsocial

status,wereallowedtotakepart

C.allGreeks,withtheexceptionofwomen,wereallowedto

competeintheGames

D.allmaleGreekswerequalifiedtocompeteintheGames

8、

TheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics.

A.hasnotdefinitelybeenestablished

B.variedaccordingtothenumberofforeigncompetitors

C.wasdecidedbyZeus,inwhosehonourtheGameswereheld

D.wasconsideredunimportant

9、

Modernathletes'resultscannotbecomparedwiththoseof

ancientrunnersbecause.

A.theGreekshadnomeansofrecordingtheresults

B.theyaremuchbetter

C.detailssuchasthetimewerenotrecordedinthepast

D.theyaremuchworse

10、

Nowadays,theathletes'expensesarepaidfor.

A.outoftheprizemoneyofthewinners

B.outofthefundsraisedbythecompetingnations

C.bytheathletesthemselves

D.bycontributions

11、LetusaskwhatwerethepreparationandtrainingAbraham

Lincolnhadfororatory,whetherpoliticalorforensic.

Borninrudeandabjectpoverty,heneverhadanyeducation,

exceptwhathegavehimself,tillhewasapproachingmanhood.

Notevenbookswherewithtoinform,andtrainhismindwere

withinhisreach.Noschool,nouniversity,nolegalfaculty

hadanypartintraininghispowers.Whenhebecamealawyer

andapolitician,theyearsmostfavourabletocontinuousstudy

hadalreadypassed,andtheopportunitieshefoundforreading

wereveryscanty.Heknewbutfewauthorsingeneralliterature,

thoughheknewthosefewthoroughly.Hetaughthimselfalittle

mathematics,buthecouldreadnolanguagesavehisown,and

canhavehadonlythefaintestacquaintancewithEuropean

historyorwithanybranchofphilosophy.

Thewantofregulareducationwasnotmadeupforbythepersons

amongwhomhislotwascast.Tillhewasagrownman,henever

movedinanysocietyfromwhichhecouldlearnthosethingswith

whichthemindofanoratortobestored.Evenafterhehad

gainedsomelegalpractice,therewasformanyyearsnoonefor

himtomixwithexceptthepettypractitionersofapettytown,

mennearlyallofwhomknewlittlemorethanhedidhimself.

Schoolsgavehimnothing,andsocietygavehimnothing.Buthe

hadapowerfulintellectandaresolutewill.Isolation

fosterednotonlyself-reliancebutthehabitofreflection,

andindeed,ofprolongedandintensereflection.Hemadeall

thatheknewapartofhimself.Hisconvictionswerehis

own—clearandcoherent.Hewasnotpositiveoropinionatedand

hedidnotdenythatatcertainmomentsheponderedand

hesitatedlongbeforehedecidedonhiscourse.Butthoughhe

couldkeepapolicyinsuspense,waitingforeventstoguide

him,hedidnotwaver.Hepausedandreconsidered,butitwas

neverhiswaytogobackonadecisiononcemoreortowaste

timeinvainregretsthatallhehadexpectedhadnotbeen

attained.Hetookadvicereadilyandleftmanythingstohis

ministers;buthedidnotleanonhisadvisers.Withoutvanity

orostentation,hewasalwaysindependent,self-contained,

preparedtotakefullresponsibilityforhisacts.

ItissaidinthesecondparagraphthatAbrahamLincoln.

A.wasilliterate

B.wasnevereducated

C.waseducatedverylate

D.behavedrudelywhenhewasyoung

12、

WearealsotoldthatAbrahamLincoln

A.nevercaredmuchforreading

B.didmuchreadingwhenhewasyoung

C.neverhadmuchchancetoread

D.becameanenthusiasticreaderwhenhewasgrownup

13、

ItissaidinthethirdparagraphthatAbrahamLincoln

A.wasanti-social

B.learnedlittlefromhisfriends

C.hadfewfriends

D.knewveryfewdoctors

14、

ThehabitofreflectionhelpedLincoln

A.todevelopindependence

B.tobecomemoreopinionated

C.toattainclearconvictions

D.tobecomeahesitantperson

15、

Wemaysay,takingthepassageasawhole,thatLincolnwas

A.afailurebecauseofhisignorance

B.amanwhotriumphedoverhisdisadvantages

C.anexceptionallysuccessfulandwell-educatedperson

D.anilliterateman,butwithsomenaturaltalents

16、Theideathat,ifyourhouseisbuiltintherightposition,

thismayaffectyoursuccessinlifeseemsstrangetomany

people.However,tobelieversinFeng-Shui,ortheartof

geomancy,notonlythepositionbutalsothechoiceof

decorationsandeventhecolorofyourhomecanmeanthe

differencebetweengoodfortuneanddisaster.Thisarthasbeen

0---------£

上16

practicedforcenturiesinChinaandisstillusedallover

SouthEastAsia.EventhehugeHongKongbankscallinageomant

iftheyareplanningtobuildnewoffices.Theyhavesuchfaith

inhisknowledgethatifheadvisesthemtomove,theywillalter

theirplansforeventheirbiggestbuildings.

LikemanyOrientalbeliefsthegeomant'sskilldependsonthe

ideaofharmonyinnature.Ifthereisnoimbalancebetweenthe

opposingforcesofYinandYang,thebuildingwillbringluck

toitsinhabitants.Thismeansthatthehousemustbebuilton

therightspotaswellasfacingtherightdirection,andalso

bepaintedanauspiciouscolor.Forinstance,ifthereare

mountainstothenorth,thiswillprotestthemfromevil

influences.Ifthehouseispaintedred,thiswillbring

happinesstotheoccupantswhilegreensymbolizesyouthand

willbringlonglife.Otherfactors,suchastheowner'stime

anddateofbirth,aretakenintoaccount,too.Thegeomant

believesthatunlessalltheseareconsideredwhenchoosinga

siteforconstruction,thefortuneofthepeopleusingitwill

beatrisk.

Indeed,toignorethegeomant，sadvicecanhavefatalresults.

ThedeathoftheinternationallyfamousKung-Fustar,BruceLee,

hasbeenusedasanexample.ItissaidthatwhenLeefoundout

thatthehousehewaslivinginwasanunluckyone,hefollowed

ageomant'sadviceandinstalledaneight-sidedmirroroutside

hisfrontdoortobringhimluck.Unfortunately,astormdamaged

themirrorandthehousewasleftunprotectedfromharmful

influences.SoonafterwardsLeediedinmysterious

circumstances.

NotonlyisFeng-ShuistillusedinSouthEastAsia,butithas

alsospreadrightacrosstheworld.EveninmodernNewYorka

successfulcommercialartistcalledMiltonGlaserhasfoundit

useful.Hewassodesperateafterhisofficewasbrokeninto

sixtimesthatheconsultedageomant.Hewastoldtoinstall

afishtankwithsixblackfishandfixaredclocktotheceiling.

Sincethenhehasnotbeenburglarizedonce.Itmayseeman

incrediblestory,butnoothersuitableexplanationhasbeen

offered.

FromthepassagewecaninferthatFeng-ShuiisNOTusedin

A.HongKong

B.theUnitedStates

C.Japan

D.Thailand

17、

Geomantsbelievethat.

A.housesmustonlybepaintedred

B.housesmustfacemountains

C.natureandlifeshouldbeinharmony

D.greenisanunluckycolor

18、

GeomantsthinkthatthereasonforBruceLee'sdeathisthat

A.hedidn'tfollowthegeomants，advice

B.heinstalledaneight-sidedmirror

C.hemisunderstoodthegeomant,sadvice

D.astormdamagedtheprotectionforhishouse

19、

ThestoryofMiltonGlasershowsthat.

A.colorsarenotimportantingeomancy

B.geomancyisusedbyartists

C.geomancyisusedintheWest

D.thefightagainstcrimeisbeingwon

20、

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesgeomancy?

A.Itisastyle,ofOrientaldecoration.

B.Itisatypeofpainting.

C.ItisanancientChinesebeliefcalledFeng-Shui.

D.Itisanarchitecturaldesign.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

B、C、D、E、F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

(41).Nevertheless,someofthesesmallchangesare

important.Therearethreebasicprocessesthatcauseachange

inoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwater

fromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation—conversionofliquid

watertowatervaporinthismanner,thesalinityisincreased,

sincethesaltsstaybehind.Ifthisiscarriedtotheextreme,

ofcourse,whitecrystalsofsaltwouldbeleftbehind.

Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,by

whichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeing

dilutedsothatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurin

areasofhighrainfallorincoastalregionswhereriversflow

intotheocean.(42).

Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,the

oceansalinityissomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsof

theworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.(43).

Athirdprocessbywhichsalinitymaybealteredisassociated

withtheformationandmeltingofseaice.Whenseawateris

frozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,

seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahigher

salinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.(44).

IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctic,thedensestwaterinthe

oceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,which

increasesthesalinityofcoldwater.(45).

A.Thewaterintheoceansonlyleavesbyevaporating(andthe

freezingofpolarice),butthesaltremainsdissolvedinthe

ocean—itdoesnotevaporate.

B.Thussalinitymaybeincreasedbythesubtractionofwater

byevaporation,ordecreasedbytheadditionoffreshwaterby

precipitationorrunoff.

C.Ifthesalinityofoceanwatersisanalyzed,itisfoundto

varyonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.

D.Ofcourse,whenthisicemelts,itwilltendtodecreasethe

salinityofthesurroundingwater.

E.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeeper,portions

oftheoceansoftheworld.

F.Thesalinity(saltcontent)ofoceanwatervaries.Onecubic

footofaverageseawatercontains2.2poundsofsalt.

G.Similarly,incoastalregionswhereriversdilutethesea,

salinityissomewhatlowerthaninotheroceanicareas.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Doanimalshaverights?Thisishowthequestionisusually

put.Itsoundslikeauseful,ground-clearingwaytostart.

(46)Actually,itisn'tbecauseitassumesthatthereisan

agreedaccountofhumanrights,whichissomethingtheworld

doesnothave.

Ononeviewofrights,tobesure,itnecessarilyfollowsthat

animalshavenone.(47)Somephilosophersarguethatrights

e