【初高中衔接】专题01 构词法与词义猜测

2022年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）专题01构词法与词义猜测pathwayfreedomdarkestplaceunfairlockeverydayriversidenursedisagree合成词(有两个或更多的词合成一个词):转化词(将一种词性转化成另一种词性):派生词(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词):everydaypathwayriversideunfairdarkestdisagreefreedomlockplacenurse英语构词法主要有三种：

有两个或更多的词合成一个词。

class班级+room房间=classroom教室warm+heart+ed=warmhearted热心肠的good+looking=good-looking相貌好看的合成词CompoundGuessthemeaningpain-killersleep-walkcolor-blindhard+working=hard-working勤劳的peace-loving热爱和平的state-owned国有的well-known有名气的sightseeing观光bloodthirsty嗜杀成性的，残忍的合成名词

(1)n+nairconditionerbloodpressureincometaxcreditcard

(2)adj+n

centralbank

fastfood空调血压所得税信用卡中央银行快餐

(3)v-ing+另一词

washingmachinedrivinglicense(4)其他方式

by-producteditor-in-chief洗衣机驾驶执照副产品主编solarsystemremotecontrol太阳系遥控stepmothershorthandhotfootshe-wolfbrother-in-lawnoble-mindedfar-reachingheartfeltduty-freeout-and–outj.继母，后妈e速记d匆忙地h.母狼a.妹/姐夫b.高尚的c.影响深远的f.由衷的g.免税的i.彻头彻尾的Readandmatch2.

合成形容词

(1)过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。

absent-mindedgrey-haired(2)动词的ing或另一词构成

long-sufferingfar-reaching心不在焉的头发灰白的长期受苦的深远的(影响)3.合成动词及合成副词

overeatbaby-sitempty-handed

吃得太多看孩子

一无所获的3.afine-lookinggentlemaninmilitaryuniformhasbeenstandingacrossthecorner.4.Aself-employedjobber,hewasalwaysbuildingthingsoutofoddsandends.词义猜测1laughinghelpstoproducemoreantibody-producingcells.2WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeKate?AInnocentandsingle-minded.任务型阅读：1it’snosecretthatnowadaysamajorityofparentsareoverworked,overcommittedandoverscheduled.抗体生成

好看的过度劳累过于投入的日程过满专心致志自由职业的，个体经营的加前缀：

happy---___happy

加后缀：

develop---develop_______既加前缀又加后缀：

employ---____employ_______派生词（derivation）

是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。unmentunment前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。mis-错误的+understandv.理解

---misunderstandv.误解en+largeadj.大的---enlargev.扩大派生法（Derivation）---词缀法1.前缀:pre-（前）pre-reading,preview,prepayre-(重新)rewrite,reconsider,reusedis-（不）disagree,dislike,disappearin/im-（不）incorrect,impossiblemis–（错误或失当）super-（超级）mini-（微小）misunderstand,misleadsupermarket,supermanminiskirt,minibusforetell,forecastpost–(之后)postwar,post-readingfore-(前，预先)semicircle,semi-finalsemi-(半，部分)antiwar,anti-Japanesewaranti-(阻止，抗)underground,under-developunder-（在……下，在……中）(A)表示否定的前缀：

un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmoker(常用在n.adj.adv.前)in-inactive,inhuman,indirect(常用在adj.后)dis-disagree,disappearim-impolite,impossible(用在b,p,m开头的词前)il-illegalir-irreal,irregular(B).表示错误或失当的前缀:mis-misjudge,misdirect(误导)(C).表示向背的前缀:pro-(亲，支持)pro-Chinese,pro-Americananti-（阻止，抗）

antiwar,anti-Japanesewar(D).表示程度、大小的前缀super-superstar,supermarket,superman,superpowerover-overhead,overeat,overusemini-minibus,miniskirt,mini-carunder-underground,under-developsemi-(半，部分)semicircle,semiskilled,semi-steel(E).表示时间的前缀

pre-prewarpost-postwarfore-(前，预先)foretell,forecast,foresee,weatherforecast(F).表示方位的前缀：

sub-subway,submarineinter-international,intercity,interclasstrans-(横过，通过，超越，进入)translate,transatlanticirregularillegalaside

internationaltelescopeautodialantibodymulticulturalrewrite

不规则的不合法的到一边去国际的望远镜自动拨号抗体多文化的重写Readandsay

in/im/ir/il/mis/un/disa-en-inter-re-tele-autoco-anti-multi-j.构成反义词

。。。的、到。。去使h.互相a.再，又，重b.远程的c.自动f.共同g.反对，抵抗i.多Readandmatch后缀1).名词后缀：-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ion后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。carev.照料

---carefuladj.细心的workv.工作

---workern.工人-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ionteacher,workervisitor,sailoreducation,satisfactiondevelopment,movementability,possibilitypianist,artistchildhood,brotherhoodaction,solution,conclusion-ous-ful-able,-ible-ant,-ent-arydangerous,humoroushelpful,carefulcomfortable,responsibleimportant,excellentmilitary,voluntary2）.形容词后缀：3）.副词性的词缀：-ly-wardsquickly,softly,yearlybackwards,forwards词性变化1.动词变名词：-ationsatisfaction,education,realization-mentdevelopment,movement,disappointment-alarrival,refusal-eetrainee,employee-erteacher,worker-orvisitor,sailor2.形容词变名词-nesshappiness,meanness,carelessness-ityability,possibility-ismMarxism,criticism3.名词变形容词：-ywindy,rainy,sandy-ishfoolish,feverish-somehandsome,troublesome-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful,careful,peaceful4.名词、形容词变动词：-ifybeautify,simplify-izerealize-enquicken,widen,sharpenacceptable

national

tearful

infectious

useless

Scientific

childish

collective

Cautiousdeadly

可接受的国家的，民族的含泪的，催人泪下的传染的无用的科学的孩子气的集体的小心的致死的conclusion

lioness

painter

construction

investigation

physician

materialism

movement

enquiryneighborhood

结论母狮画家，油漆匠建设，建筑物调查医生，内科医师唯物主义移动；运动询问邻近地区ablealfullessic/icalishiveous-y-enj.可。。。的，能。。。的e属于。。的，有。。。性质的d充满。。。的h.没有。。。的a.与。。。有关的b.如。。。的c.倾向。。。的f.有。。。特性的g.状态，性质i.由。。制作的-ist-er/or/ess-ful-ment-an-tion/sion-th-ism-ship-hoodj.人（。。。家）e人或动物（ess表示阴性）d一。。。的量、充满h.运动，结果a.国家（人）的b.状态，行为c.结果，过程f.。。。主义g.情况，状态，性质，身份，职业i.资格，年纪，身份1Heknewhowthedarknessanddullnessofwinteralwaysgotmedown.2myfathermovingaroundmysteriously3Iinventedasuccessfulvariationofbaseball.4Ihadtolearnmylimitations.5thatonlyinvitedthebitternessoffailure.不清楚神秘地变化形式，不同版本限制悲惨

猜测词义1.Iam,despiteimperfections,areal,positiveperson;2settingunrealisticgoalsforourselves.前缀，后缀同时使用不完美

猜测词义不现实的转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来{Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.recordn.记录v.记录{LiuXiangBrokethe100mHurdlesWorldRecord.Heliestorecordsomethingwhilereadingabook.watern.水------watervt.浇水常见的转化形式两种：动词---名词名词---动词是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。

动词----名词

stopvt.

停止---n.车站lovevt.

爱---n.

爱Watchvt.

观看---n.

手表recordvt.

录音---n.

纪录combvt.

梳理(头发)---n.

梳子abusevt.

辱骂---n.

辱骂

名词----动词

handn.

手---vt.

上交seatn.

座位---vt.

坐nursen.

护士---vt.

护理oiln.

油---vt.

上油timen.

时间---vt.

定时，测时shouldern.

肩膀---vt.

肩负minen.

矿山---vt.

开矿barbecuen.

烧烤---vt.在烤架上烤shipn.

船---vt.

用船装运financen.

金融---vt.

为……提供资金stainn.

污点,污迹---vt.

玷污，污染draftn.

草稿---vt.

起草headn.

头---v.

前进transportn.

运输---vt.

运输副词---动词

downadv.向下---v.放下副词---名词nowhereadv.任何地方都不---n.无处，无名的地方形容词---名词

freezingadj.冰冻的---n.冰点

solidadj.固体的,坚实的---n.固体数词---动词

secondnum.第二---v.赞成

---n.秒shouldern肩膀vt.承担airn空气vt.给…通风betteradj较好的vt.改善；使更好forwardadv向前v.转寄;

发送must必须n.必须做的事if如果n.不确定的情况but但是n.反对的理由

1.Womenshouldertheburdenofchildcare.2Mymotherairedthesheetswell3Thousandsofworkersjoinededucationalassociationsinanattempttobetterthemselves.4Theywillforwardyouthenewgoodsnextweek.5AdictionaryisamustforEnglishlearning.6Hisargumentcontainstoomanyifsandbuts.

1Lookingback,IcanseethatthoseterribleeventsshapedmeintothepersonIamtoday.2Theywillteachyou____thelittlethingsinlife.AvalueBbenefitCmeasureDconsiderv.塑造mattern麻烦，问题matter=beimportant/count重要猜测词义

shapen形状valuen价值3.Whatreallymattersisnotwhatyouhavebutwhoyouare.4Thecompanyisanindependentcollectivemakingfilmsfortelevision.collectiveadj集体的v.重视；珍视Let’ssum构词法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Derivation）

【前缀/后缀】转化法（Conversion）

【词性转换】{前缀改变单词的意义，不改变词性。后缀不改变单词意义，而改变词性。correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable

disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakeunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtitlealwayssidewaysn教育

表达O独立的rootadj残疾的n不可能的OnSSn误解root大学生rootn地下的地下通道地铁副标题总是misunderstand1.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_______lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)4.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany__________.(invent)playershappilyheavilyinventorinventions

构词法精练Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.5.Moreandmore_________havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.（foreign）6.Wewant___________reasonsforyourfailuretohelp.(satisfy)7.Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwill________mytask.(simple)8.Theboyhadthe___________ofbeinghalfstarved.(appear)9.Thepolicehave__________aplotagainstthePresident.(cover)10.ThedoctorsaidthatMary’smotherneededan_________.(operate)

foreigners

satisfactorysimplifyappearanceuncoveredoperation11.Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomea_________.(music)12.Few________wordsmadeusexcited.(speak)13.Thedaysonthemoongethotterthan________water.(boil)14.Thankyouforyour_________.(kind)15.Manycollegestudentsworkwhiletheyarestudyingbecausetheywanttomakesomemoneyfortheircollege___