【初高中衔接】专题08 并列句与状语从句

2022年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）专题08并列句与状语从句并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句通过并列连词连在一起。

并列连词后的简单句被成为分句。并列句(1)表递进关系的有:_____________________________________________________.Hehadplentyofmoneyandhecanspentitfreely.(2)表转折关系的有：______________________Janesaidshewasill,yetIsawherinthestreetjustnow.(3)表选择关系的有：___________________Don’tdrivesofastor/otherwiseyou’llhaveanaccident.and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,not….but…but,yet,whereas(而)or,otherwise,either…or…状语从句

概念：在整个句子中作_____________________________________________________________________________称为状语从句。Isentherwhereshewantedtogo.Whenthefirebrokeout,allthestudentsweresleepingsoundly.Theyfinishedtheworkaheadoftheschedulebecausetheyaskedsomeoneelseforhelp.

时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步状语的从句2.九大类状语从句及连词：状语从句分类：

连词

时间状语从句

As,when,whenever,nomatterwhen,while,after,before,once,assoonas,directly/immediately/instantly,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely…when,theinstant/themoment/thesecond/theminute,everytime/eachtime,thefirsttime/thesecondtime,(ever)since,till/until,

地点状语从句目的状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句

where,wherever,everywhere,sothat,inorderthat

because,as,for,since/nowthat,forfearthat

sothat,so…that…,such…that…,so,if,ifonly但愿,onlyif只有，incase/lest,aslongas,asfaras,unless,once,onconditionthat,ontheassumptionthat,supposingthat,providedthat

方式状语从句

比较状语从句

让步状语从句

Than,As…as…,notso…as….,the比较级…,the比较级

(moreandmore)although,though,as,evenif/eventhough,whether…or…,nomatterwhat/how/where/when/who/=whatever/however/wherever/whenever/whoever

as,asif/asthough,theway

二、时间状语从句

1.when,while和as用法比较1)when的用法a.when表当…的时候+_________性动词eg:Whenthefirebrokeout,allthestudentsweresleepingsoundly.

When/whileallthestudentsweresleepingsoundly,thefirebrokeout.延续/瞬时

b.when表________（表动作发生的突然性）bedoing…whenbeabouttodo(即将，正要）…whenbeonthepointofdoing(正要做…之时）…whenhad(just)done(刚刚做完）…when/beforeeg:Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.c.when________eg.Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalkthereinfiveminutes表既然这时

2）while的用法a.while表_______________________+延续性动词

eg.FatherwaspreparingareportwhileIwasplayingbasketball.IwantmygirlstoexperiencethelifeinSpainwhiletheyareyoung.当…的时候；趁…的时候3）as可表示从句和主句两个动作同时进行，可译为_____________________________

Asthedaywenton,theweathergotwarmerandwarmer.b.while表________，引导让步状语从句，从句常放在主句前

eg.WhileIamwillingtohelp,Idon’thavemuchtime.c.while表________（并列连词）--两者对比，或轻微转折eg.Heistallwhilehistwinbrotherisrathershort.d.while表_________________，引导条件状语从句Therewillbelifewhilethereiswaterandair.尽管而，然而只要(同aslongas)“一边...一边…”或“随着…”即学即练：用when,while,as填空：①Howcanhegetgoodgrades_____hewon’tstudy?②Iwaswanderingonthestreet_____Icaughtsightofanewspaperstand.③_____Iwasonthroughthestreet,Icaughtsightofanewspaperstand.④_____hegrewolder,becamemoreinterestedingardening.⑤Thereweresomechairsleftover____everyonehadsatdown.⑥____Ireallydon’tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.

whenwhenwhenWhileWhileAs2.before和since的用法比较

1)before的用法

a.before表____________________________eg.Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.b.It_______________________________________________________+before…在…之前将多久；还要多久才eg.Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeetagain./Itwaslongbeforewemetagain.在…之前；还未…就…;还没来得及…就..;willbe/won’tbe/wouldbe/wouldn’tbe/was/wasn’t+一段时间2)since的用法

a.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since…_____动词翻译成_________________________eg.Itistwoyearssincewemetlasttime.我们自从上次见面到现在两年了。

b.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since…____翻译_________________________eg.ItisyearssinceIenjoyedmyself.我多年没有玩的这么愉快了

延续性动词自从不…到现在已多长时间

瞬间自从…到现在已多长时间c.since表自从…到现在主句用_____________时态since从句用___________时态e.g.WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?d.since表既然时引起原因状语从句，从句的时态看情况定e.g.Sincehesaidso,itmusttrue.现在完成一般过去即学即练：用before,since填空：①---Howlongdoyouthinkitwillbe______Chinasendsamannedspaceshiptothemoon?---Perhapstwoorthreeyears.②---Takeacigarette,please.---No,thanks.Itisthreeyears_____Ismoked.③---Look!Thoseguysaresweatingouttheexamination.---Theyshouldworkhard______itistoolate.④---Whydidn’tyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?---Herushedoutoftheroom______Icouldsayaword.beforebeforebeforesince3.until与till及not…until/till的用法

1)until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。如：e.g.Untilhetoldme,Iknewnothingaboutit.Iknewnothingaboutittill/untilhetoldme.他告诉我了我才知道。2)当notuntil位于句首时，主句中要使用部分倒装语序：

e.g.NotuntilshecamebackdidIleave.=Ididn’tleaveuntilshecameback.在强调句型中一般用until，不用till，放到强调句型中不用部分倒装。如：Itwas

notuntilshetookoffhersunglassesthatIrealizedshemyoldfriend.4.表“一….就…..”

时hardly/scarcely…when…,nosooner…than…引起的句子中，前面的主句常用_______时，后面的从句用__________时,___句常用部分倒装：e.g.Hardlyhadwegotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.=Wehadhardlygotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadhecomehomethanshestartedcomplaining.=

Hehadnosoonercomehomethanshestartedcomplaining.过去完成一般过去主三．原因状语从句的注意事项

1.because,as,for,since/nowthat的区别because语气最强表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。下列情况下只能使用because:①在回答why的问句时；②在用于强调句型时；③被not所否定时；④连词前有only,just,simply等修饰时。YouwanttoknowwhyI’mleaving?I’mleavingbecauseI’mfull.for的语气不及because,since,as强，为并列连词，引导的分句常放在主句之后，从句前通常用逗号，表示说话者为所做的推断和预测提供理由，或对前一分句进行补充和解释。如果不是因果关系，而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，只能用for。It’smorningnow,forthebirdsaresinging.（很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。）as/since/nowthat表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。As从句放在主句前或后，since/nowthat从句常放在主句前Seeingallofthechildrenalreadyseated,hesaid,“Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sstart.”四．地点状语从句1.注意区分where引导的定语从句与地点状语从句的区别You’dbettermakemarkswhereyouhaveanyquestions.（地点状语从句无先行词，黑体部分表作标记的地点）You’dbettermakemarksattheplacewhere/inwhichyouhaveanyquestions.(定语从句theplace作先行词)Putthebookwhereitbelongs.(地点状语从句)Putthebookattheplacewhere/towhichitbelongs.(定语从句)五．目的状语从句和结果状语从句1.inorderthat与sothat的用法比较Inorderthat引导的状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，而sothat引导的从句只能置于主句之后。e.g.I’llspeakslowlysothat/inorderthatyoucanfollowme.Inorderthatwemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly.2.so+形容词/副词+that从句

so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句

somany/much(多)/few/little（少）+名词+that从句

such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句

such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句以上so或such引导的目的或结果状语从句中，so或such置于句首时，主句要用______句式：

e.g.Socleverastudentwashethathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.倒装六．条件状语从句和方式状语从句的注意事项

1.unless与until的用法比较e.g.You’llfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.(=ifyoudon’tstudyhard强调条件.)Wedidn’tgotobeduntilhecameback.(强调时间)即学即练：用unless或until填空①Owenwouldn’teatanything_______hecookedithimself.②_______ourmanagerobjectstoTom’sjoiningtheclub,weshallaccepthimasamember.③Theywaited_____allofusarrived.unlessUnlessuntil2.asif或asthough引导的方式状语从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。e.g.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.IfeelasifIhaveafever.七．让步状语从句和比较状语从句的注意事项

1.although与though引导让步状语从句，不与____连用，但可与______________________________连用e.g,Although/Thoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.butyet,still或nevertheless2.though还可作副词，意为“_______________”，置于句末，用逗号隔开

e.g.Hehasn’tfinishedthework;itdoesn’tmatter,though.

可是，然而3.though引导的让步状语从句可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装句式,但although引导的从句只能用正常语序。e.g.Youngas/thoughsheis,sheknowsmuch.Childas/thoughsheis,sheknowsmuch.Hardas/thoughshestudied,shefailed.Tryas/thoughshemight,shefailed.Althoughsheisyoung,sheknowsmuch.Althoughsheisachild,sheknowsmuch.Althoughshestudiedhard,shefailed.Althoughshemighttry,shefailed.4.whether…or…(不管…还是…);

疑问词+ever与nomatter+疑问词(不管…;无论…),都引导让步状语从句。e.g.Whetheryoubelieveitornot,thestoryistrue.Whatever/Nomatterwhatyousay,hewon’tbelieveyou.但疑问词+ever除了引导上面的让步状语从句外，还可引导名词性从句，nomatter+疑问词只引导让步状语从句。e.g.Hewon’tbelievewhateveryousay.(宾语从句不可用nomatter+疑问词)即学即练：用疑问词+ever把句子补充完整①_________________________________tomorrow(无论明天天气什么样)，ourshipwillsetsailforMacao.Whatevertheweatherislike八．状语从句的省略1.当地点，时间，条件，让步状语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同，状语从句的谓语动词又含有系动词is,was,或were时，常把从句的主语与系动词be一起省略；或当状语从句中的主语是it,状语从句的谓语动词是is或was时，常把从句中的主语it与系动词is或was一起省略。e.g.Don’tspeakuntil(youare)spokento.Shealwayssingswhile(sheis)doingherwork.While(Iwas)inBeijing,IpaidavisittotheSummerPalace.Cometomorrowif(itis)possible.I’llbuyaTVsetif(itis)necessary.Asayoungman,hestudiedlawandbecamealawyer(=As/Whenhewasayoungman,…).即学即练：①Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnot____