职称英语历年考试理工类A级试题及答案(附详细讲解)

2003年职称英语考试理工类A级试题及答案

第一部分：词汇选项（第1一15题，每题】分，共15分）

卜.面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或

短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1.Theunionrepresentative（工会代表）putacrossherargumentveryeffectively.

Aexplained（解释、说明）Binvented

CconsideredDaccepted

2.Hetalkstoughbuthasatender（温柔的）heart.（他口硬心软）

AheavyBstrong

Ckind（善意的,友好的）Dwild

3.Itisnouse（没有必要）debating（辩论、令论）therelativemerits（优缺点）ofthispolicy（政策、措施）.

AmakingBtaking

Cdiscussing（讨论I）expecting

4.Ourstatistics（统计）show显示、表明that.weconsume（消费）allthatwearecapable。/pro血（能够生产）.

AwasteBbuy

CuseDsell

5.Thefueltanks（油箱）hadacapacityof140liters.（这个油箱的容量是140公升）

Afunction（功能）Bability能力

Cpower能力Dvolume；止、体积

6.Ourlivesareiniimalely密切地boundupwith与...密切联系theirs.（我们的生活和他们的息息相美）

AtenselyBnearly

CcarefullyDclosely紧密地

7.Herfaithupheld支持herintimesofsadness悲伤的时期（她的信仰支撑她度过了悲伤的时期）.

Asupported支持Bexcited

CinspiredDdirected

8.Thebookprovidesaconcise简洁的、简明的analysisofthecountry,shistory.（这本书对国家的历史进行了简洁的分析）

AcleanBperfect

CrealDbrief

9.Itislaiddown主张、声明intheregulations在法规中thatal1membersmustcarrytheirmembershipcardsatalltimes.

＜法规中规定所有成员必须随身携带他们的会员ill:）

AsuggestedBwarned

Cstated陈述、规定Dconfirmed确认

10.Thecouncilmeetingterminaled结束at2o'clock.

Abegan开始Bcontinued继续

CendedDresumed继续

11.Redflagwasplacedthereasalokenof作为....的标志danger.（红族作为危险标志被安置在那里。）

Asign标志Bsubstitute代用品

Cproof证明Dtarget目标

12.Howeverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwilling不情愿toriskchange（无论情况如何坏，大部分人还是不情愿冒险去

改变.）

Areluctant不情愿Beager渴望

Cpleased乐意Dangry生气

13.IthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnotmerelyregulate调行、规定orenlargeanold

one.

Alimit限制、限定Bcontrol控制、管理

Creplace取代Doffset抵消

14.Thesecretaryisexpectedtoexplore探索、探讨ideasforpost-warreconstructionofthearea战后区域的重建.

Adeny否定Binvestigate调行、研究

Cstress强调Dcreate创造

15.Thesleadily稳步地、稳定地risingcostoflabor人工成本onthewaterfroni海滨、码头hasgreatlyincreased增加theco

stofshippingcargobywater水运货物的成本.

Agradually逐步地Bsuddenly

CexcessivelyDexceptionally

第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是iE确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑：

如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

ADolphinandanAstronomer

Onedayin1963,adolphinnamedElvarandafamousastronomer,CarlSagan,wereplayingalittlegame.Theastronomerwas

visitinganinstitutewhichwaslookingintothewaydolphinscommunicatewitheachother.Saganwasstandingontheedgeof

oneofthetankswhereseveralofthesefriendly,highlyintelligentcreatureswerekept.Elvarhadjustswumupalongsidehim

andhadturnedonhisback.

ThedolphinwantedSagantoscratchhisstomachagain,astheastronomerhaddonetwicebefore.ElvarlookedupatSagan,

waiting.Then,afteraminuteorso,thedolphinleaptupthroughthewaterandmadeasoundjust1iketheword"more”.The

astonishedastronomerwenttothedirectoroftheinstituteandtoldhimabouttheincident.'Oh,yes.That,soneofthewor

dsheknows,'thedirectorsaid,showingnosurpriseatal1.

Dolphinshavebiggerbraininproportiontotheirbodysizethanhumanshave,andithasbeenknownforalongtimethatt

heycanmakeanumberofsounds.Whatismore,thesesoundsseemtohavedifferentfunctions,suchaswarningeachotherofda

nger.Soundtravelsmuchfasterandmuchfurtherinwaterthanitdoesinair.Thatiswhythepartsofthebrainthatdealwi

thsoundaremuchbetterdevelopedindolphinthaninhumans.Butcanitbesaidthatdolphinshavea'language',intherea

1senseoftheword?Scientistsdon'tagreeonthis.

Alanguageisnotjustacollectionofsounds,orevenwords.22.\languagehasastructureandwhatwecal1agrammar.T

hestructureandgrammarofalanguagehelptogiveitmeaning.Forexample,thetwoquestions“WholovesMary?"and"Whod

oesMarylove?”meanverydifferentthings.Ifyoustoptothinkaboutit,youwillseethatthisdifferencedoesn,tcomefr

omthewordsinthequestionbutfromthedifferenceinstructure.Thatiswhythequestion“Candolphinsspeak?"can'tbe

answereduntilwefindoutifdolphinsnotonlymakesoundsbutalsoarrangetheminagrammaticalorderwhichaffectstheirm

eaning.

16Theastronomerwasnotinterestedinthewaydolphinscommunicatewitheachother.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17ThedolphinleaptupintotheairbecauseSaganwastoonearthewater.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Partsofthedolphin*sbrainareparticularlywe11developedtohandledifferentkindsofsound.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Dolphinsarethemostusefulanimalstohumans.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20Dolphinstravelfasterinwaterthananyotheranimals.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Somescientistsbelievethatdolphinshavealanguageoftheirown.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Soundscanbecalledalanguageonlywhentheyhaveastructureandagrammar.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；

（2）第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

TheWeightExperiment

NicolaWaltershasbeentakingpartinexperimentsinScotlandtodiscoverwhyhumansgainandlostweight.Beinglockedi

nasmallroomcalleda'calorimeter'（热量测量室）isonewaytofindout.

1ThesighsabovethetworoomsreadsimplyMChamberOne"andChamberTwo”.Thesearethecalorimeters:4mby2mwhit

e-walledroomswherehumanvolunteersarelockedupinthenameofscience.OutsidetheseroomsanothersignreadswPleasedo

notenter-workinprogresswandinfrontoftheroomsadvancedmachineryregisterseverymovethevolunteersmake.Eachday,

mealsmeasuredtothelastgramarepassedthroughaholeinthewallofthecalorimetertotheresidentvolunteer.

2NicolaWaltersisoneoftwentyvolunteei'swho,overthepasteightmonths,havespentvaryingperiodsinsidethecalori

meter.Tallandslim,Nicoladoesnothaveaweightproblem,butthoughtthestrictdietmighthelpwithhertrainingandfitn

essprogramme.Aself-empioyedcommunitydanceworker,shewasabletofittheexperimentinaroundherwork.Shesawanadver

tforvolunteersatherlocalgymandassheisinterestedinthewholeareaofdietandexercise,shethoughtshewouldhelp

out.

3TheexperimentonNicolainvolvedherspendingonedayonafixeddietathomeandthenextintheroom.Thissequencew

asrepeatedfourtimesoversixweeks.Shearrivedatthecalorimeterat8:30amoneachofthefourmorningsandfromthenon

everythingsheateordrankwascarefullymeasured.Hereverymovewasnotedtoo,herdailyexerciseroutinetimedtothelas

tsecond.Atregularintervals,aftereating,shefilledinformsabouthowhungryshefeltandsamplesweretakenforanalysi

4Thescientistshelpvolunteersimposeakindoforderonthelongdaystheyfaceintheroom."Thefirsttime,Ionlyt

ookonevideoandabook,butitwasOKbecauseIwatchedTVtherestofthetime,wsaysNicola.Andtwiceadaysheusedthe

exercisebike.Shepedaled()forhalfanhour,watchedbyresearcherstomakesureshedidn,tgotoofast.

5Itseemsthatsomefoodsencourageyoutoeatmore,whileotherssatisfyyouquickly.Volunteersarealreadyshowingtha

thigh-fatdietsarelesslikelytomakeyoufeelfull.Believingthattheymaynowknowwhatencouragespeopletoovereat,th

eresearchersareabouttostarttestingahigh-proteinweight-lossdiet.VolunteersarerequiredandNicolahassignedupfor

furthersessions.

AWhatdoesthecalorimeterlooklikeinside?

BWhatprogramwasdesignedfortheexperiment?

CWhatisacalorimeter?

DWhatisthefirstimpression?

EHowdothevolunteerskil1thetime?

FWhydidNicolajoinintheexperiments?

23Paragraph1

24Paragraph1

25Paragraph1

26Paragraph1

27Themachineryoutsidethecalorimetersrecordseverything.

28NicolaWaltershadtimefortheexperiments.

29Volunteershavetogetpreparedforthetimeinthecalorimeter

30Theexperimentsshowthathigh-fatdiets.

Athevolunteersdo

Bbecauseshedoesnothaveaweightproblem

Cbecausethelifetherecanbeveryboring

Dmakepeopleovereat

Ebecauseshewasherownboss

Fafterpassingahigh-proteintest

第4部分：阅读理解(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答

题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇"Salty"RicePlantBoostsHarvests

Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.T

heirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.

TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity*sSchoolofBiologicalSciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchingho

wcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.

Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,

toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabi1ityintocrops,star

tingwithrice.

Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100hectares（公顷）ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoiI

andstunts（妨碍生长）plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics,mangroves（红树林）thatcreateswamps

（沼泽）andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecaus

edthewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep（渗透）in.inLatinAmerica,irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwate

risevaporated（蒸发）bytheheat,leavingsaltdepositsbehind.

Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplants

stopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.

Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhatthey

doabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants*growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricec

rop,butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.

Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoi1areknown,FlowersandYeowi11trytobreedtheappropriategenesinto

al1mannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagain,providingmuchneede

dfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.

31WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?

ATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.

BTheyarericebreeders.

CTheyarehusbandandwife

DTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.

32FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme

Atofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.

Btoidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.

Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.

Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.

33WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassage?

ANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.

BThewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.

CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.

DEvaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind.

34Theword“affecl“inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedby

A"influence”

B“effect”

C“stop

D"present”

35Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis

Apositive

Bnegative.

Csuspicious

Dindifferent.

第二篇LivingwithComputer

AftertoolongontheNet,evenaphonecallcanbeashock.Myboyfriend*sLiverpudianaccentsuddenlybecomeshardtou

nderstandaftertheclarityofhiswordsonscreen;asecretary*stoneseemsmorerejectingthan1'dimagineditwouldbe.T

imeitselfbecomesfluid-hoursbecomeminutes,andalternatelysecondsstretchintodays.Weekends,onceahighlightofmy

week,arenowjusttwoordinarydays.

Forthelastthreeyears,sinceIstoppedworkingasaproducerforCharlieRose,Ihavedonemuchofmyworkasatele-co

minuter（远程交谈者）.IsubmitarticlesandeditthemviaE-maiIandcommunicatewithcolleaguesonInternetmailinglists.My

boyfriendslivesinEngland,somuchofourrelationshipiscomputer-mediated.

IfIdesired,Icouldstayinsideforweekswithoutwantinganything.Icanorderfood,andmanagemymoney,loveandwork.

Infact,attimesIhavespentaslongasthreeweeksaloneathome,goingoutonlytogetmai1andbuynewspapersandgrocer

ies.1watchedmostoftheblizzard（暴风雪）of'96onTV.

Butafterawhile,lifeitselfbeginstofeelunreal.IstarttofeelasthoughI'vemergedwithmymachines,takingdata

in,spittingthembackout,justanothernode（节点）ontheNet.Othersonlinereportthesamesymptoms.Westarttostrongly

disliketheoutsideformsofsocializing.It*slikeattendinganA.A.meetinginabarwitheveryoneholdingahalf-sippedd

rink.WehavebecometheNetopponents*worstnightmare.

Whatfirstseemedlikealuxury,crawlingfrombedtocomputer,notworryingabouthair,andclothesandface,hasbecome

anavoidance,alackofdiscipline.Andonceyoustartreplacingrealhumancontactwithcyber-interaction（网上交流），coming

backoutofthecavecanbequitedifficult.

Attimes,Iturnonthetelevisionandjustleaveittochatterinthebackground,somethingthatI'dneverdoneprevious

ly.Thevoicesoftheprogramssoothe（安慰）me,butthenI'mjarred（使感不快）bythecommercials.Ifindmyselfsuckedinby

soapoperas,orcompulsively（强制性地）needingtokeepupwiththelatestnewsandtheweather."Dateline,"wFrontline,n

“Nightline,"CNN,everypossibleangleofeverystoryoverandoverandover,evenwhentheyareofnopossibleusetome.W

orkmoversfromforegroundtobackground.

36Comparedwiththeclearwordsofherboyfriendonscreen,hisaccentis

Aobscure.

Bdistinct.

Cunreal.

Dmisleading.

37Thepassageimpliesthatthewriterandherboyfriend1ivein

AEngland.

Bdifferentcountries.

Cthesamecity.

Dthesamecountry.

38Livingaloneinahouse,thewriterseemsto

Ahavetotallyforgottenherwork.

Bbeafraidofherneighbors.

CgetsomecomfortfromTVprograms.

Dhavegonecrazy.

39Welearnfromthepassagethatthewriter

AisfedupwiththeNetopponents.

Bpreferspeop!etothecomputer.

Cisaddictedtothecomputer.

Ddoesnotlikehumancontact.

40ThephraseMcoiningbackoutofthecave“inthefifthparagraphmeans

Aacomingbackhome”.

B“givingupthepresentjob”.

Culivingaluxuriouslife”.

Drestoringrealhumancontactw.

第三篇TheBodyClock

WhyisitthatflyingtoNewYorkfromLondonwillleaveyoufeelinglesstiredthanflyingtoLondonfromNewYork?Thea

nswermaybeaclearcaseofbiologynotbeingabletokeepupwithtechnology.

Deepinsidethebrainthereisa/clock*thatgovernseveryaspectofthebody,sfunctioning:sleepandwakecycles,le

velsofalertness,performance,mood,hormonelevels,digestion,bodytemperatureandsoon.Itregulatesallofthesefunctio

nsona24-hourbasisandiscalledthebiologicalclock.

Thebodyclockprogrammesustobesleepytwiceaday,between3-5amandagainbetween3-5pm.Afternoonteaandnapare

allculturalresponsestoournaturalbiologicalsleepinessintheafternoon.

Oneofthemajorcausesofthetravellers'maladyknownasjetlagisthenon-alignmentofaperson,sinternalbodycloc

kwithclocksintheexternalworld.Crossingdifferenttimezonesconfusesthebiologicalclock,whichthenhastoadjustto

thenewtimeandpatternsoflightandactivity.Tomakemattersmorecomplex,notal1internalbodyfunctionsadjustatthes

amerate.Soyoursleep/wakemayadjusttoanewtimezoneatonerate,whileyourtemperatureadjustsatadifferentpace.Yo

urdigestionmaybeonadifferentschedulealtogether.

Thoughweliveina24-hourday,thenaturaltendencyofthebodyclockistoextendourdaybeyond24hours.Itiscontra

rytoourbiologicalprogrammingto'shrink'ourday.

Thatiswhytravelinginawestwarddirectionismorebody-clockfriendlythanflyingeast.NASAstudiesoflonghaulpilo

tsshowedthatwestwardtravelwasassociatedwithsignificantlybettersleepquantityandqualitythaneastwardflights.

Whenflyingwest,youare'extendingyourday,thustravelinginthenaturaldirectionofyourinternalclock.Elyingeas

twardwillinvolve*shrinking*orreducingyourdayandisindirectoppositiontoyourinternalclock*snaturaltendency.

Oneofthemorecommoncomplaintsoftravelersisthattheirsleepbecomesdisrupted.Therearemanyreasonsforthis:cha

ngingtimezonesandschedules,changinglightandactivitylevels,tryingtosleepwhenyourbodyclockisprogrammedtobea

wake,disruptionoftheinternalbiologicalclockandworkinglongerhours.

Itisoftensuggestedthatyouadjustyourwatchassoonasyouboardaplane,supposedlytotrytohelpyouadjusttoyou

rdestination,sscheduleassoonasyouarrive.Butitcantakethebodyclockseveraldaystoseveralweekstofullyadjust

toanewtimezone.

So,ourbodyclocktrulycan*govern*us.

41Theroleofthebodyclockisto

Aenableustosleep6hoursaday.

Bhelpusadapttoa24-hourcycle.

Cregulatethebody'sfunctions.

I）interferewiththebody'sfunctions.

42Theword“malady“inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto

A"condition”.

B"discomfort”.

CUinjuryw.

D"excitement".

43Flyinginawestwarddirectionwill

Ahelpyousleepbetter.

Bincreasethedegreeofjetlag.

Cshrinkyourday.

Dmakeyouovereat.

44WhichofthefollowinginNOTmentionedasareasonforthedisruptedsleepoftravelers?

ACrossingdifferenttimezones.

BChanginglightandactivitylevels.

CWorkinglongerhours.

DWatchingoutoftheplaneforalongtime.

45Itcanbeseenfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat

Ayoucancontrolyourownbodyclock.

Bitisnotdifficulttoadjusttoanewtimezone.

Cadjustingyourwatchcanhelpyouaavoidjetlag.

Dthereisn'tmuchyoucandotoavoidjetlag.

第5部分：补全短文（第46—50题，每题2分，共10分）

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原

貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

RuiningtheRuins

Acidrain(酸雨)isnowafamiliarproblemintheindustrializedcountriesinEurope.Harmfulgasesareproducedbypowers

tationsandcars.Theydissolveinrainwaterandthismakesacidrain,whichdamagestrees,riversandstreams.

Acidrainisalsocapableofdissolvingsomerocks.Andbuildingsmadeofsoftrock,suchas1imestone(石灰石)，areparti

cularlybadlyaffected.Theacidrainattackstherock,andsocarvingsandstatuesareeroded(受腐蚀)morequickly.

—(46)AccordingtoareportintheNewScientist,acidrainisbeingblamedfortherapiddecayofancientruins

inMexico.TheoldlimestonebuiIdingsinplaceslikeChichenItza,TulumandPalenquearewearingawayveryquicklyindeed.T

hesesitesaretheremainsofthebuildingsbuiltbytheMayasbetween250BCandAD900,andthespectacularruinsofMayanci

vilizationarevisitedbythousandsoftouristseveryyear.

Butthoseruinsareindangerofbeingseriouslydamagedbypollution.Atmanysitesthestonehasbeencoveredwithalay

erofblacksubstance.(47).

Scientistsestimatethataboutonemillimeterofstoneiswornawayeverytwelveyears.(48)Theacidrain

issaidtobecausedbypollutionfromoilwellsintheGulfofMexico.Carexhaustgasesarealsoaprob1em.Localvolcanic

eruptionsmaketheproblemevenworse.Nevertheless,withenoughmoneyandeffort,researcherssaythatmanyoftheproblemsc

ouldbesolvedandtherateoferosionreduced.(49).

Mexico,scurrentlackoffundsisalsopartlyduetooil.Thecountryhasrichoilfieldsandafewyearsago,whenoilw

asexpensive,Mexicowassellinglargequantitiesofoi1totheUSAandearningalotofmoney.(50)However,thep

riceofoilthendropped,andMexicohasbeenleftowingenormoussumsofmoneyand