2022年新高考全国一卷英语真题（含答案解析）

2022年新高考全国一卷英语真题

学校:姓名：班级：考号：

一、阅读理解

GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature

GradingScale

90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.

Essays(60%)

Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:

Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.

GroupAssignments(30%)

Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作业)duringthecourse.All

theassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronline

learningandcoursemanagementsystem.

DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)

Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshort

in-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromtheprevious

class*lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,

fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobe

completedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.

LateWork

Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclass

perioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Daily

assignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofan

excusedabsencewillbeaccepted.

1.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atextbook.B.Anexampaper.C.Acourseplan.D.Anacademic

article.

2.Howmanypartsisastudent'sfinalgrademadeupof?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

3.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?

A.Youwillreceiveazero.B.Youwilllosealettergrade.

C.Youwillbegivenatest.D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.

Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Theanigula（芝麻菜）was

tomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.

Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdays

passed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;Icould

havemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,t4fbodwastegoesagainst

themoralgrain,“asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.jaw-droppinghow

muchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from“ugly"（butquiteeatable）vegetables

rejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.

Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrow

it.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,uiffoodwaste

wereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.,,

Ifthafshardtounderstand,let'skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmy

refrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12

bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitchenin

Washington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearit

recoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished

（有瑕疵的）producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?

Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.

Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapart

inreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweekly

shoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon'teatJCurtinsays.

4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?

A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.

C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.

5.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetest?

A.Moraldecline.B.Environmentalharm.

C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidestarvation.

6.WhatdoesCurtin'scompanydo?

A.Itproduceskitchenequipment.B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.

C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.

7.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?

A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.B.Reducefoodconsumption.

C.Goshoppingonceaweek.D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.

Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookafter

tostopthemfeelinglonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）toreducelonelinessand

improveelderlypeople'swellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,a

seriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseof

medicinewherehensareinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:"Iusedto

keephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwent

toschool.v

“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthe

hensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.^^

"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintosee

thehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.Vmenjoyingthecreative

activities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethingusefiiL”

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,

andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkonthe

project,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.We

arelookingforwardtothebenefitsandftmtheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.^^

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartin

theproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreative

activities.^^

8.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyfbrmedicalresearch.D.Topromotetheelderlypeople's

welfare.

9.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.

10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon"meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

11.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and

"a"totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmore

commonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesin

humanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalled

labiodentals,suchas'f'and"v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatate

softerfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,

Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswere

aligned（对齐）,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthe

lowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure（结构）,makingit

easiertoproducesuchsounds.

Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentof

agricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbone

didn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthe

soundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f'and'V9increasing

remarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthe

languagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresent

whenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehas

notnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehuge

varietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthings

likebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,44saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearch

team.

12.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Its

development.

13.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

15.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

二、七选五

FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled"FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkout

Partner."Onereasonwas:"You'Uactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyou

atthegym,"whileanotherread:u16Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincrease

yourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle（微妙）competition.

So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?

Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.17Ordoyoujustwanttobe

physicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyou

wouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.

Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butitprobably

won'tresultinausefulresponse.18Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatperson

mustbelongtothesamegym.

Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincluded

whatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshe

wantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,

andprovidedherphonenumber.19

Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.20Overtime,bothof

youwillbenefit—yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemore

physicallyfit.Thecore（核心）ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelp

eachother.

A.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.

B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.

C.You'llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.

D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?

E.Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner“notice?

F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.

G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.

三、完形填空

Myhusband,ourchildrenandIhavehadwonderfulcampingexperiencesoverthepast

tenyears.

Someofour21arefunny,especiallyfromtheearlyyearswhenourchildrenwere

little.Once,we22alongChalkCreek.Iwas23thatour15-month-oldboy

wouldfallintothecreek（小溪）.Itiedaropearoundhiswaisttokeephimneartoourspot.

Thatlastedabouttenminutes.Hewas24.andhiscryingletthewholecampground

knowit.So25tyinghimup,Ijustkeptacloseeyeonhim.It26—hedidn't

endupinthecreek.Mythree-year-old,however,did.

Anothertime,werentedaboatinVallecitoLake.Theskywasclearwhenwe27,

butstormsmoveinfastinthemountains,andthisonequickly28ourpeaceful

morningtrip.The29pickedupandthunderrolled.Myhusbandstoppedfishingto

30themotor.Nothing.Hetriedagain.No31.Wewerestuckinthe

middleofthelakewithadeadmotor.Asweallsatthere32,afishermanpulledup,

threwusaropeandtowed（拖）usback.Wewere33.

Now,everyyearwhenmyhusbandpullsourcamperoutofthegarage,wearefilledwitha

senseof34,wonderingwhatcampingfunand35wewillexperience

next.

21.A.ideasB.jokesC.memoriesD.discoveries

22.A.campedB.droveC.walkedD.cycled

23.A.annoyedB.surprisedC.disappointedD.worried

24.A.unhurtB.unfortunateC.uncomfortableD.unafraid

25.A.duetoB.insteadofC.apartfromD.asfbr

26.A.workedB.happenedC.matteredD.changed

27.A.signedupB.calmeddownC.checkedoutD.headedoff

28.A.arrangedB.interruptedC.completedD.recorded

29.A.windB.noiseC.temperatureD.speed

30.A.findB.hideC.startD.fix

31.A.luckB.answerC.wonderD.signal

32.A.patientlyB.tirelesslyC.doubtfullyD.helplessly

33.A.sorryB.braveC.safeD.right

34.A.reliefB.dutyC.prideD.excitement

35.A.failureB.adventureC.performanceD.conflict

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

TheChinesegovernmentrecentlyfinalizedaplantosetupaGiantPandaNational

Park(GPNP).36(cover)anareaaboutthreetimes37sizeofYellowstone

NationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.Theplanwill

extendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat38(be)previouslyunprotected,

bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority39

(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.

Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP

40(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof"protectingtheauthenticityand

integrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecological

bufferzones,41leavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(资产)fbrfuturegenerations^^.

TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate42

(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,and43(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelof

populationinthewild.

Giantpandasalsoserve44anumbrellaspecies(物种),bringingprotectiontoa

hostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.TheGPNPis

intendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies45livewithintheGiant

PandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.

五、邀请信

46.假定你是校广播站英语节目"TalkandTalk”的负责人李华，请给外教Caroline写邮

件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括：

1.节目介绍；

2.访谈的时间和话题。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearCaroline,

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

六、读后续写

47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短

文。

Itwasthedayofthebigcross-countryrun.Studentsfromsevendifferentprimary

schoolsinandaroundthesmalltownwerewarmingupandwalkingtheroute（路线）through

thickevergreenforest.

IlookedaroundandfinallyspottedDavid,whowasstandingbyhimselfofftotheside

byafence.Hewassmallfortenyearsold.Hisusualbigtoothysmilewasabsenttoday.I

walkedoverandaskedhimwhyhewasn'twiththeotherchildren.Hehesitatedandthensaid

hehaddecidednottorun.

Whatwaswrong?Hehadworkedsohardforthisevent!

Iquicklysearchedthecrowdfortheschoofscoachandaskedhimwhathadhappened.

“Iwasafraidthatkidsfromotherschoolswouldlaughathim,“heexplaineduncomfortably.

“Igavehimthechoicetorunornot,andlethimdecide.”

Ibitbackmyfrustration（懊恼）.Iknewthecoachmeantwell-hethoughthewasdoing

therightthing.AftermakingsurethatDavidcouldrunifhewanted,Iturnedtofindhim

comingtowardsme,hissmallbodyrockingfromsidetosideasheswunghisfeetforward.

Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeother

children,butatschoolhisclassmatesthoughtofhimasaregularkid.Healwaysparticipated

tothebestofhisabilityinwhatevertheyweredoing.Thatwaswhynoneofthechildren

thoughtitunusualthatDavidhaddecidedtojointhecross-countryteam.Itjusttookhim

longer—that'sall.Davidhadnotmissedasinglepractice,andalthoughhealwaysfinished

hisrunlongaftertheotherchildren,hedidalwaysfinish.Asaspecialeducationteacherat

theschool,IwasfamiliarwiththechallengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrong

determination.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.

Wesatdownnexttoeachother,butDavidwouldn'tlookatme.

IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.

参考答案:

1.c

2.B

3.A

【解析】

【导语】

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。

1.

推理判断题。根据文章标题“GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature(文学概论课程评分

办法)“和Essays(60%)部分“Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthe

gradeofforthiscourse(你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍

了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。

2.

细节理解题。根据黑体小标题"Essays(60%)”、“GroupAssignments(30%)”和"DailyWork/In-

ClassWritingsandTests/GroupsWork/Homework(10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组

成。故选B项。

3.

推理判断题。根据"LateWork”部分“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwill

earnazero.(如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)“可知，如果在截止日期

后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。

4.B

5.B

6.D

7.A

【解析】

【导语】

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房

的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。

4.

推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoesto

答案第1页，共14页

waste.（像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物）”及"Butasdayspassed,the

arugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;couldhavemadesix

saladswithwhatIthrewout.（但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索

地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉）''可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事

来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。

5.

细节理解题。根据第三段“Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andother,

resourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,

“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesinthe

world.”（生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成

为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大

温室气体排放国。可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选

Bo

6.

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington.D.C.,

whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500

poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有」段疵的）produce,thatotherwise

wouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordry

themforuseinmealsdowntheroad.（科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食

物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超

过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、

冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用）“可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新

制作食物。故选D。

7.

细节理解题。根据最后一段中的""Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynot

purchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonot

includethesidedishyouwon'teat,”Curtinsays.（“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无

论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，“科廷说）”

可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。

8.D

答案第2页，共14页

9.B

10.C

11.A

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。

8.

推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）to

reducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing（该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨

在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况）”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。

故选D。

9.

推理判断题。根据文章第五段“"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringing

theirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.Vmenjoyingthe

creativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseftil.“（有不同的关注点很好。人

们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一

些有用的事情的感觉很好）”可推知，RuthXavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。

10.

词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthe

creativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeople

here.（居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好

处和乐趣）”以及划线处前的“oneofthefirst（第一批人之一）“可知WendyWilson是着手这项

工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin（开始）”含义相近。故选C。

11.

推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthe

creativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeople

here.（居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好

处和乐趣）”以及最后一段“LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappyto

betakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestand

creativeactivities.”（“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩・刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它

答案第3页，共14页

将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来）“可知，该项目的反响很

好。故选A。

12.D

13.C

14.A

15.C

【解析】

【导语】

本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新

的语音。

12.

细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的"Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnoted

thatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas'f'andMv",weremorecommoninthelanguages

ofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversity

ofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.（30多年前，学者Charles

Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。

现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的DamianBlasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和

原因。）”可知DamianBlasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。

13.

细节理加军题。根据第三段中的"Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancient

humanadultswerealigned,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedby

touchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,making

iteasiertoproducesuchsounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难

产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颗变成了覆盖咬合

结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颗结构使他们很难发出唇齿

音。故选C项。

14.

主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasa

globalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withtheuseof'f'and

'""increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundin

答案第4页，共14页

thelanguagesofmanyhunler-ga由ererpeopletoday.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器

时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，叶'和“v”的使用显著

增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过

列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。

15.

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“"Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarily

remainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeech

soundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchange

andculturalevolution,saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.（研究小组成员

StevenMoran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的

各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”可知，StevenMoran认为

语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。

16.C

17.D

18.B

19.G

20.F

【解析】

【导语】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。

16.

根据前文“FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkout

Partne.^^Onereasonwas:"You'llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthe

gym,”（《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由

是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一

起锻炼的理由。所以选择项CYoifllworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.（如果你和别

人一起训练，你会更努力。广符合上下文语境。故选C。

17.

根据前文“Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.（首先，决定你想从那个人身上得

到什么o）"和后文"Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthand

答案第5页，共14页

flexibility?（或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?广可知，这里是一个问

句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyour

favoritesport?（你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗?）“符合上下文语境。故

选D。

18.

根据前文“Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butprobably

won'tresultinausefulresponse.（你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不

会得到有用的回应。）“和后文"Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongto

thesamegym.（如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。户可知，寻找的

锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstoliveclose

by.（锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。）”符合上下文语境。故选B。

19.

根据前文“Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincluded

whatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewanted

tospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovided

herphonenumber.（我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她

想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了

她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。）''可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为

例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Anynoticeforatrainingpartner

shouldincludesuchinformation.（任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。）”符合上下文语

境。故选G。

20.

根据前文“Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.（你和你的伴侣可能有不同的

技能。）“和后文"Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit—yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmore

weightsandyouwillbecomemorephysicallyfil.（久而久之，你们双方都会受益---你的伴侣

会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。户可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提

高。所以选择项F“Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheach0the匚（接受你们的

不同，学会彼此合作。户符合上下文语境。故选F。

21.C

22.A

答案第6页，共14页

23.D

24.C

25.B

26.A

27.D

28.B

29.A

30.C

31.A

32.D

33.C

3