必修3 Unit 9 课下主题训练 社会进步与人类文明

PAGE第2页共8页课下主题训练社会进步与人类文明课时练(一)一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)①delay □ ②safety □③outcome □ ④queue □⑤automobile □ ⑥convey □⑦accessible □ ⑧punctual □⑨railway □ ⑩conductor □⑪sidewalk □ ⑫navigate □⑬crash □ ⑭land □⑮subway □ ⑯knock □⑰stick □ ⑱security □⑲vehicle □ ⑳acknowledge □(二)主题词汇训练Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)eq\x(crash，delay，land，railway，queue，subway，convey，security)1．Itwasreportedthatalltheflightsweredelayedduetotheterribleweather.2．Ifwehadbookedatableearlier,wewouldn'tbestandinghereinaqueue.3．Anewrailwayisunderconstructioninmyhometown.4．Tocutdownairpollution,weshouldtakethebusorsubwayinsteadofdrivingcars.5．Theflightwith145passengersaboardfromTokyolandedontheairportinBeijingyesterday.6．Afterthecrash,_bothdriversgotoutandinspectedtheircarsfordamage.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．I'mcallingtotellyouapieceofgoodnews.Therewillbealectureabouttrafficsafety(safe)at7p．m.nextMonday.2．Whenhewasinthetrain,theconductor(conduct)askedhimforhisticket.3．Heputthemedicineinthetopdrawertomakesureitwouldnotbeaccessible(access)tothekids.4．Ifwehadtakenanotherroad,wewouldn'thavebeenstuck(stick)inthetrafficjamforsolong.5．Atruckcarryingchemicalsknockedintoacarrunningatahighspeed,whichmadeusastonished.Ⅲ.写出下列句中加蓝词的汉语意思1．Firstofall,you'dbetterarriveontimebecauseitispolitetobepunctualinChina.准时的，守时的2．Whenitcomestothecampussecurity,wehavetotakeitseriously.安全3．Automobileisoneofthemostimportantmeansoftransportintheworld,whichgreatlyinfluencespeople'slives.汽车4．Usingvehiclesmakespeople'severydaylifeeasyandfast.车辆5．Theriverbecametoonarrowandshallowtonavigate.航行6．Heinsistedthatalltheinjuredshouldbeconveyedfromthespottothehospitalatonce.运送Ⅳ.用本单元词汇替换加蓝词1．Theblindmantappedhiscane(拐杖)onthesidewalkandwalkedtothesupermarket.pavement2．Hedidn'tacknowledgethathehaddoneanythingwrong.admit3．Totellyouthetruth,wearesatisfiedwiththeoutcomeoftheexperiment.consequence二、主题语篇押题练Ⅰ.阅读理解AThenewhighspeedrailwaylinebetweenUrumqi,capitaloftheXinjiangUygurself­governingregion,andLanzhou,capitalofGansuThedramaticimprovementwillbenefitmanyfamiliesplanningreunionsforSpringFestival.“Forthefirsttime,Ifeelhomeisnotthatfarawayafterall，”saidLiangShaofuasheboardedahighspeedtraininUrumqiwithsixmembersofhisfamily.The35­year­oldleftLanzhoutosetupadryfruitbusinessinXinjiangeightyearsago,andhehasnowsettledinUrumqi.The1,776kmline,whichpassesthroughQinghai“WenormallydrivehomeforSpringFestivaltoavoidthedifficultiesofbuyingseventrainticketsforthewholefamilyduringthepeakseason，”Liangsaid.“Drivingcanbeverytiringanddangeroussometimes,sooneyearweevendecidednottogobacktoLanzhousimplytoavoidthetrip.”Morethan600,000passengerstraveledonthelineduringitsfirstmonth,andtheUrumqiRailwayBureausaidtheintroductionofhighspeedserviceswilleasetransportpressureduringtheSpringFestivalpeakseason.TheexistingusualrailwaylinecouldnolongersupportXinjiang'sdevelopment.Allpassengertrainswillgraduallyshifttothenewlink,leavingtheoldonetobeusedforgoods.Asaresult,Xinjiang'sannualgoodsabilitycouldreach200millionmetrictonsfromthecurrent70million.Thelinepassesthroughareasthatexperiencehighwinds,anditalsocrossespartsofthedesertedQinghaiTibetPlateauandthebonedrysandsoftheGobiTheprojectcouldhelpChinatopromoteitshighspeedrailwaytechnologyabroad,saidMaXizhang,directoroftheLanzhou­Xinjiangrailwayproject'smanagementdepartmentinXinjiang.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是新疆维吾尔自治区首府乌鲁木齐与甘肃省省会兰州之间新建的高速铁路给社会带来的益处。该项目可以帮助中国在海外推广其高速铁路技术。1．HowlongdidittaketogofromUrumqitoLanzhoubytheusualtrainbefore?A．About12hours. B．About6hours.C．About24hours. D．About18hours.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“...hascuttraintraveltimebyhalftolessthan12hours.”可知，时间缩短一半后，还需要不到12小时的时间，所以原来需要大概24小时。故选C。2．What'sthemainadvantageofthenewhighspeedrailway?A．IttakesmoretimetogotoUrumqitoLanzhou.B．ItwillbemoreconvenientforpeoplealloverthecountrytoXinjiang.C．AllthepeopleinLanzhoucanreturnhomeonfestivals.D．IthelpstoimproveXinjiang'sdevelopment.解析：选D推理判断题。根据倒数第三段前两句可知，原来的老铁路不能再支持新疆的发展，高速铁路的修建使得旧铁路过渡到货运，货运量得以增加，从而促进了新疆的发展。故选D。3．Fromthepassagewecanlearn________.A．Xinjiang'sannualgoodsabilitycanincreasenearlyfourtimesB．thehighspeedrailwaylinescan'tbebuiltacrossthebonedrysandsC．thenewrailwaytechnologymayhelpmorerailwaylinestobebuiltabroadD．theoldrailwaylinescanonlycarrygoodsnow解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“TheprojectcouldhelpChinatopromoteitshighspeedrailwaytechnologyabroad”可知，中国的高铁新技术可以帮助其他国家修建更多的铁路。故选C。4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Thenewhighspeedrailwaylineisgoodforallpeopletogohome.B．TakingthenewtrainissaferthandrivinghomefromUrumqitoLanzhou.C．Thenewhighspeedrailwaylinebenefitsbusinessmentocarrygoods.D．BusinessmenseldomwenthomeforSpringFestivalbefore.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第六段第二句可知，乘坐新的高铁比自己驾车安全，故选B。BWhatifthecarwaitingpatientlybehindaparkedbusisadriverlessorautonomousvehicle(AV)？Willthisrobotcarbeabletounderstandwhatyoumeanwhenyouflashyourlightsormadlywaveyourhands？Itssensorscoulddecidethatit'sonlysafetoovertakewhenthere'snooncomingtrafficatall.Onabusyroadatschool­hometime,thismaybeneverleadingtoincreasinglyangrypassengersandincreasinglyangrydriversqueuingbehind.AndhowwillarobotcardrivingoutfromaT­junctionintooncomingtrafficbeabletomakethenecessaryeyecontactwithahumandriver？Thesesafety­firstrobotcarscouldbecomevictimsoftheirownpolitenessandendupbeingbulliedandignoredbyaggressive,impatienthumans.This,atanyrate,isoneoftheconclusionstobedrawnfromresearchcarriedoutbyDr.ChrisTennantofthepsychologicalandbehavioralsciencedepartmentattheLondonSchoolofEconomics.HisEurope­widesurveyfindsthatnearlytwo­thirdsofdriversthinkmachineswon'thaveenoughcommonsensetointeractwithhumandrivers.Andmorethantwo­fifthsthinkarobotcarwouldremainstuckbehindourparkedlorryforalongtime.“Ifyouviewtheroadasasocialspace,youwillconsciouslynegotiateyourjourneywithotherdrivers.PeoplewholikethatnegotiationprocessappeartofeellesscomfortableengagingwithAVsthanwithhumandrivers，”saysMrTennantinhisreport.Ofcourse,humansarealwaysskepticalaboutnewtechnologiesofwhichtheyhavelittleexperience.Thatskepticismusuallydecreaseswithusage,however.AndevenmanyskepticsacceptthatemotionlessAVscouldcausefeweraccidentsthanwehumans,withourtendencytoroadanger,tirednessandlackofconcentration.Astatisticoftenrepeatedisthathumanerrorisresponsibleformorethan90%ofaccidents.But70%ofthe12,000peopleMrTennantandhisteaminterviewedagreedthat:“Asapointofprinciple,humansshouldbeincontroloftheirvehicles.”Anevengreaterproportion—80%—thoughtanautonomousvehicleshouldalwayshaveasteeringwheel.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶车辆针对不同路况的应对措施、遭受的歧视以及与人为驾驶车辆相比的优势等，从而告诉人们要接受并尊重无人驾驶车辆。5．Whatdoweknowaboutanautonomousvehicleaccordingtothetext?A．Itiscontrolledbyarobot.B．Itwaitsshorterthanothercars.C．Itjudgestrafficbydriversonline.D．Itrecognizesangryhumandrivers.解析：选A细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知，无人驾驶的车辆是由机器人操纵的。6．WhatdidDr.ChrisTennantfindinhisstudy?A．Autonomousvehicleswon'tinteractwithhumandrivers.B．AutonomousvehiclesavoidpassingT­junctionsaheadoftime.C．Autonomousvehiclesdriveinthesamewaysashumandrivers.D．Autonomousvehiclesmaysufferfromimpatienthumandrivers.解析：选D细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知，克里斯·坦南特博士研究团队得出的结论是：无人驾驶车辆可能会遭到没有耐心的司机的伤害。7．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Autonomousvehicleswillbelesssocial.B．Autonomousvehiclesaresaferthangenerallyexpected.C．Humandrivershavebeenreplacedbyautonomousvehicles.D．Humandriversarewillingtointeractwithautonomousvehicles.解析：选B推理判断题。由第三段第三句和第五句可知，无人驾驶车辆比人们普遍认为得更安全。8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AnAutonomousCarTakesaTestRunB．WhatIsDriverlessTechnologyLike?C．SayNototheComingDriverlessTrendD．WouldYouBullyaDriverlessCarorShowItRespect?解析：选D标题归纳题。概括全文内容可知，作者支持无人驾驶车辆，而且本文重点是对比无人驾驶车辆和人类司机驾驶车辆，因此本文中心思想是不要欺负和不尊重无人驾驶车辆。故选D。Ⅱ.语法填空Withapopulationof602,000,Luxembourgisoneoftherichestandsmallest__1__(country)inEurope,yetitsuffersfrommajortrafficjams.Takingup2,586squarekilometers,LuxembourgisroughlythesizeofRhodeIsland.FromthecapitalofLuxembourgCity,Belgium,FranceandGermanycanall__2__(reach)bycarinhalfanhour.Highhousingcosts,especiallyinLuxembourgCity,meanmorethan180,000ofitsworkforcecommute(通勤)fromthoseneighboringnationseveryday.Luxembourgisavery___3__(attract)placeforjobs,__4__its“boomingeconomy”andhighconcentrationofjobshaveledtocongestion(拥塞)issues.In2016,Luxembourghad662carsper1,000people,anddrivingisa“primarymeansoftransportation”forcommuters.Thatyear,driversinLuxembourgCity__5__(spend)anaverageof33hoursintraffic.Itfared__6__(bad)thanEuropeancitiesCopenhagenandHelsinki,whichhavecomparablepopulationsizestoallofLuxembourg,yetitonlytookdriversinbothanaverageof24hoursintraffic.Butthatcouldbeabouttochange.__7__countryatthisverymomentisinreallygoodshape,thusthegovernmentwantsthepeople__8__(benefit)fromthegoodeconomy.AsofMarch1,2020allpublictransport—trains,tramsandbuses—inthecountryisnowfree,__9__(make)itthefirstfreepublictransportcountryintheworld.However,thenewschemecansignalimportantchangesahead__10__itcomestoLuxembourg'srelianceondriving.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。卢森堡面临严重的交通堵塞，从2020年3月1日起，卢森堡所有公共交通会免费运营。政府希望此举能缓解严重的交通拥堵，并有益于环保。1．countries考查名词复数。此处为“oneof＋名词复数”结构，意为“……之一”。故填countries。2．bereached考查被动语态。卢森堡市应该是被抵达，因此应用被动语态，且空前有情态动词can，所以用bereached。3．attractive考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处为形容词作定语，修饰place。故填attractive。4．but考查连词。结合句意可知，此处应为转折，故填but。5．spent考查一般过去时。根据句中的时间状语“Thatyear”可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填spent。6．worse考查副词比较级。根据句中的“than”可知，此处应用比较级，bad的比较级为worse，故填worse。7．The考查定冠词。此处应该是特指卢森堡这个国家，故填The。8．tobenefit考查不定式。根据句意可知，此处为wanttodosth.，故填tobenefit。9．making考查现在分词作状语。分析句子结构可知，此处作结果状语，火车、电车和公共汽车都免费与其产生的结果“成为世界上第一个公共交通都免费的国家”是自然而然的，故填making。10．when考查固定搭配。whenitcomestosth.为固定搭配，意为“当提到……”。故填when。课时练(二)一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)①block □ ②direction □③accident □ ④collision □⑤available □ ⑥drunken □⑦guidance □ ⑧trap □⑨acceleration □ ⑩aircraft □⑪comfortable □ ⑫flight □⑬airport □ ⑭unforgettable □⑮license □ ⑯observe □⑰regulation □ ⑱harbour □⑲departure □ ⑳speed □(二)主题词汇训练Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)available，accident，block，trap，license，unforgettable，regulation，harbour，airport，flight1．Whenwesawthehighwayentirelyblockedwithsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.2．Becauseoftheseriousaccident,_ittookhimmorethantwoyearstorecoverfromhisinjury.3．Vehiclesgofasterthanever,buttheyremaintrappedintrafficjams.4．Theyoungmanhadtoadmitdrivingwithoutadrivinglicense.5．Everyonewhoisinformedofattendingthecelebrationofthisyear'smusicfestivalcanexperiencethisunforgettableoccasion.6．Tocatchtheearlyflight,_weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.7．Passengersmustcheckinattheairportanhourbeforetheplaneleaves.8．Filmticketsareavailableonline,soyoucangetthemconveniently.Itwillmeanlessqueuing.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Atruckcameinanoppositedirection(direct)ofthecar,sothecardrivermadeasharpturn.2．Theacceleration(accelerate)ofthepaceoflifealsoimpliestheexpansionofpeople'ssocialcircle.3．Duetothestricttrafficregulationsondrunken(drink)driving,thenumberofaccidentsfromithasgreatlydecreased.4．Theyoungmanspedupthecarhopingtoarriveatthestationontime,butitwastoolate.5．Thearmchairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortable(comfort)tositin.6．Underourteacher'scarefulguidance(guide),wefinishedourhomeworkinadvance.Ⅲ.写出下列句中加蓝词的汉语意思1．Iwoulddefinitelychooseaircraftasmyfavoritemeansoftransportation.飞机2．Ifwehadknownofyourdeparture,wewouldhaveseenyouoffattheairport.离开，启程3．Itishopedthatnoonewasseriouslyinjuredinthecarcollision.碰撞4．Sheledustoaroomwithabalconyoverlookingtheharbour.港口，港湾5．Inaddition,theywillteachmanytrafficregulationstoremindustopayattentiontotrafficsafety.规则，条例6．Itiseverybody'sdutytoobservetrafficrulestokeepoursocietyinorderandgoingontherighttrack.遵守二、主题语篇押题练Ⅰ.阅读理解(2021·武邑中学质检)TheUnitedStateshasabout475,000schoolbuses—allpaintedyellow.Eachdaytheycarrymorethan25,000,000children,halfofallschoolchildreninthecountry.Butthesebuses,onaverage,usefourlitersofdiesel(柴油)fueltotravellessthansixteenkilometers.Whentheschoolyearbeganlastfall,dieselaveraged55centsaliternationally.Thepricenearlydoubled,toadollarand8cents,bytheendofschoolinJune.BobRileyspeaksfortheAmericanStudiesshowthatschoolbusesarethesafestformoftransportationtoandfromschool.TheAmericanButitcouldalsogetmorechildrentowalkorbicycletoschool.AndthatwouldsurelymakepeoplehappyattheNationalCenterforSafeRoutestoSchool.Morekidswalkingorbikingsafelytoschoolistheaimofathree­year­oldfederalprogram,partofaninternationalmovement.Thegoalistoincreasephysicalactivityandreduceairpollution.Theeq\x(语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了高油价对校车的影响。)1．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus?A．Highfuelprices'influencesonschoolbuses.B．Newmeasurestotransportschoolstudents.C．Thesafestformofstudenttransportation.D．TheoriginofWalktoSchoolDay.解析：选A主旨大意题。根据首段第三至五句及最后一段尾句可知，本文主要介绍了高燃油价格对校车的影响。故选A。2．Inordertocutdowntransportationcost,manyschoolstakethefollowingmeasuresEXCEPT________.A．changingsomebusroutesB．stoppingsomebusroutesC．askingparentstodrivechildrentoandfromschoolD．usingothertypesoffuels解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，C选项未被提及，故选C。3．TheNationalA．savemorefuelsanddieselforthecountryB．keepthechildrensafeontheirwaytoschoolC．makethechildrenliveasimplelifeD．keepthechildrenhealthyandtheenvironmentclean解析：选D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thegoalistoincreasephysicalactivityandreduceairpollution.”可知，他们的目标是增加体育活动和减少空气污染。故选D。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2021·广州模拟)Whathappenswhenyouwanttogofromoneplacetoanother,butthere'swaterintheway?That'stheproblempeoplefacedforhundredsofyearsintheareathatisnowNewYorkCity.Inthecity,thereisanaturalcanal(运河)calledtheNarrows,separatingBrooklynononesidefromStatenIslandontheother.ButtheNarrowsisn'treallysonarrow.Thewaterisalmostamilewide,andit'smorethan100feetdeep.__1__Whentheywantedtotalktoeachother,theyclimbedintotheirboatsandsailedacross.Bythelate1800s,circumstanceshadchangeddramatically.PopulationgrowthmeanttherewerenowmanypeopleneedingtotravelbetweenStatenIslandandBrooklynforwork.__2__Between1888and1920thereweretwomajoreffortstobuildatraintunneltoconnecttheareas.__3__Proposalstobuildaconnectingbridgemadeduringthe1910salsoendedinfailureduetooppositionfromtheUSNavy.Finally,afterWorldWarⅡ，thereweresomanypeoplelivinginNewYorkCitythatleadersdecidedBrooklynandStatenIslandneededadirectconnection.Sincetunnelsweretooexpensive,theydecidedtobuildabridge.Thedesignselectedhadtwoseparateroadwaysstacked(叠放)ontopofeachother.__4__Construction,whichtookfiveyears,wascompletedin