新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第6讲体裁破解-记叙文(夹叙夹议文)教师用书

第6讲体裁破解——记叙文(夹叙夹议文)记叙文是-一种以写人记事、写景状物为主要内容，以叙述和描写为表达方式的文章。记叙文是一个相对独立、完整的语篇,包括记叙文的各个要素,即时间、地点、人物和事情的起因经过、结果等,采取顺叙、倒叙、插叙等手法,以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅，合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态是记叙文的语言特征;夹叙夹议文是叙述和议论相结合的文章,一般在文章结尾处出现作者的所感所想辨明题类记叙文阅读理解的设题主要是细节理解题和推理判断题，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展以及逻辑关系，弄清文章的发展脉络，还要根据人物处境的描写、议论时所用词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，特别要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。技法点拨1．弄清六要素：何人、何时、何地，因何原因做了何事，结果如何，有何启示或感想。2．弄清写作目的：证明一个观点、赞美某种美德、谴责某种罪恶还是提供娱乐。3．关注开头和结尾：把握事情的发展动向，尾段经常是主题的升华所在。4．关注情感主线：分析事情的发展脉络，弄清人物之间的关系，透析文章的情感主线。真题体验(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷B)WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems．Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived．Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking．Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions．Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid．Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine．ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥)．First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother．Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals．Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited．Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem．Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge．Hewasamazedattheresults．Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater．Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs．Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington．Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina．“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes．“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor，”hesays．“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening．Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair．”24．WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs？A．Hewasfondoftraveling．B．Heenjoyedbeingalone．C．Hehadaninquiringmind．D．Helongedtobeadoctor．【解题示范】第一步：浏览全文把握主旨大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了JohnTodd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。第二步：题干定位：根据题干中的关键词：thefirsttwoparagraphs定位段落。第三步：分析信息：根据第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems．Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived．Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking．(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱。)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions．Whycancertainpla