Unit8总复习讲义（完型填空技巧讲解重点单词短语总结重点语法单元作文）人教英语八年级上册

2023年秋季人教版八年级上册讲义Unit8Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?（一）完型填空解题技巧◆技巧1语境推断 语境推断是指根据上下文语境的提示或暗示,身临其境地理解文章的语境和作者的情感态度,推断出符合场景的最佳选项。语境推断也是完形填空中最主要的命题角度。典例剖析(陕西完形填空第二节节选改编)Remy'smothergotsick(生病的)beforehewasborn.ShecouldnotcareaboutRemy.Soheneededafostermother(养母)totakecareofhim.Afostermotherisamotherwhotakessomeoneelse'schildintoherandcaresforthechildforaperiod(一段时间)oftimejustaswhatshewoulddotoherownchild.A.office B.school C.shop D.family 明考法中考完形填空对于语境的考查最为常见,半数以上的题目都是语篇层次上的语义辨析。主要考查角度如下:(1)前置性设空:前文一般会给出举例或说明,需结合上文语义和语境进行适当的推理分析,综合判断,得出答案;(2)后置性设空:需要结合下文内容选出正确答案,通常下文有提示、举例、解释或说明;(3)联系语篇:需要联系全文的情境、内容确定答案,主要考查文章的主旨要义、作者的观点态度等,这类题目在首段或末尾居多。解题技巧:此类试题需要学生根据文章弄清楚是前置性设空,后置性设空,还是需要联系语篇确定答案,然后根据对应的设空形式,确定答案。◆技巧2 逻辑推理 逻辑推理是指通过上下文语境透露出的信息进行解题。首先,要正确理解所给信息,再遵循逻辑概念及逻辑关系进行合理分析和推断。典例剖析(陕西完形填空第二节改编)Lifewasnotwonderfulanymoreaftersomerobbers(盗贼)movedontoanisland...Bobonarowantedtodriveallofthemaway...Alongtheway,hemetadog,amonkeyandabird.Bobonarogaveeachofthemsomefoodandhelpedthemalot.Sotheybecamegoodfriends._____hetoldthemabouthisproblem,eachofthethreefriendssaid,“Iwillhelpyougettherobbersaway.”A.Unless B.If C.Before D.When明考法中考对逻辑推理的考查包含以下4个角度:(1)并列关系:and,or,notonly...butalso...等,正确选项与上下文关键信息是同义、近义词;(2)转折/让步关系:but,however,though,although等,正确选项与句中关键词具有相反意义;(3)因果关系:利用since,because，so,for,nowthat等,推出与设空前后内容是因果关系的选项;(4)递进关系:如空后内容是对空前内容的进一步说明,会用到even。解题技巧:此类试题需要学生弄清楚并列关系、转折/让步关系、因果关系、递进关系，并根据对应关系的词确定答案。√微语篇提能力完形填空选自外文素材EvanMoorDailyReadingprehension三明治的制作YesterdayImadeacheesesandwichbyhand.Iboughtsomecheese,several1ofbreadandsomebutter.ThenIstartedmakingthesandwich.I2somebutterinabowlfirst.Andthenput3onapieceofbread.ThenIputthecheeseonthebread.Icookedthesandwichovermediumtemperaturesothe4begantomelt(融化).ThemeltedcheesewouldalsocoversomevegetableslikelettucethatIhaveaddedinside.Next,Iputalltheseasonings(调料)intothecup.ThenI5thecuptomixtheseasoningswell.Finally,Iaddeditonthe6andputanotherpieceofbreadonthetop.Adelicioussandwichwasready.()1.A.pieces B.glasses C.boxes ()2.A.madeB.ate ()3.A.few B.afew little ()4.A.sugar B.butter C.cheese D.pepper ()5.A.shook B.enjoyed D.expected ()6.A.honey B.cake C.dumplingD.sandwich（二）重点单词、短语回顾一、根据句意及汉语提示填写单词(教材P58改编)Don'tforgettoaddsome_________(盐)toRussiansoup.Maryputsomesugarintothecoffeeand_________(摇动)thecupquickly.Linda,pleasehelpmeputa_________(勺) ofmilkintothetea.The _________(蜂蜜)frommyhometownisreallydelicious.Myfavoritefruitis_________(西瓜)andIofteneatalotinsummer.(教材P60改编)Putthetomatoesonthe_________(三明治).7.(教材P103改编)Aftereverythingisready,putanother_________(片)ofbreadontop.8.Mybrotherdoesn'tlikeany_________(黄油)inahamburgeratall,butIlikethatalot.9.Lindalikeslettuce,andsheusually_________(添加)sometohernoodles.10.Pleaseputthetreeinthe_________(洞)andpoursomewaterintoit.11.(教材P61改编)Inmostcountries,peopleusuallyeat_________(传统的)foodonspecialdays.12.(教材P61改编)TheSpringFestivalisatimeforpeopletogettogetherandtheyusually_________(庆祝)itwithabigfamilymeal.13.It'sveryimportanttocontrolthe_________(温度)whenwecookthefood.14.Myparentsusuallyspendseveraldayshelpingmygrandmapickapplesin_________(秋天)eachyear.15.Listeningtomusicisoneofmy________(hobby),anditmakesmerelaxalot.二、重点短语总结奶昔milkshake接通；打开turnon切碎cutup把…倒进…里pour…into…把…放进…里put…in/into…一杯酸奶a/onecupofyogurt做（罗宋）汤/爆米花/牛肉面make(Russian)soup/popcorn/beefnoodles另外10分钟anothertenminutes从…中拿出…takeoutfrom…=take…outof一片/块/段apieceof对…表示感谢givethanksfor把…和…混合mix…and…用…装满…fill…with…一些；几个afew+名词复数用…覆盖cover…with…把…切成…cut…into…用某物招待某人servesthtosb=servesb(with)sth.以高温；在高温下ataveryhightemperature现在；如今thesedays一个接一个onebyone翻译句子你怎样做香蕉奶昔？____________________________________________________________________我们需要多少香蕉？____________________________________________________________________我们需要多少酸奶？____________________________________________________________________这是为感恩节大餐制作火鸡的一种方法。____________________________________________________________________现在就是享有米线的时刻了！____________________________________________________________________（三）考点精讲要点1howmany和howmuchhowmany“多少”，问数量后接可数名词复数形式howmuch“多少”问数量或问价格后接不可数名词－Howmanybooksarethereonthedesk?桌上有几本书？－Therearefive.有五本。－Howmuchisyourschoolbag?你的书包多少钱？－It’s100yuan.一百元。－Howmuchmilkisthereinthebottle?瓶子里有多少牛奶？－Thereisonlyalittle.只有一点儿。【典例分析】()1.—________applesarethereinthebasket?—Six.A.

Howold

B.

Howmuch

C.

Howmany

D.

How()2.—isthebike？—Only150yuan.A.Howmuch B.Howmany C.Howlong D.Howoften()3.—_______juicedoweneed?—Fourbottles.A.Howmuch B.Howmany C.Howold D.Howheavy()4.—______isthepriceofthetwopairsofshoes?—______________100yuan.A.What,Itis B.Howmuch,It's C.What,Theyare D.Howmuch,Theyare()5.Iwanttomakeabananashake.Pleasetellme,______milkdoIneed,and______bananasdoIneed?A.howmuch;howmuchB.howmany;howmanyC.howmuch;howmanyD.howmany;howmuch要点2turnon（1）在英语中，由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词的宾语如果是代词，只能放在动词与副词之间；如果是名词，既可以放在它们之间，也可以放在副词之后。turn与off;on;up;down;over搭配均是动副结构。例如：Pleaseturnthetapoff.Don’tturniton.请把水龙头关掉，别打开。Turnontheputer.=Turntheputeron.打开电脑。（2）turnon与open的辨析：①turnon通常指打开水龙头、煤气或电灯、电视等电器的开关，其对应词为turnoff。②open指把关着或封着的门、窗、箱子、盒子等打开，其对应词为close。例如：Iwanttowatchthefootballmatch.PleaseturnontheTV.我想看足球比赛，请把电视打开。Pleaseopenthedoorforme.请为我开门。（3）与turn相关的短语：turnup(把音量)调大，调高turndown(把音量)调小，调低turnin上交turninto使成为；翻译成turnoff关；熄灭（灯、煤气等）【典例分析】1.He(打开)theputerandbeginstodohishomework.Please(打开)thedoorandlettheboyein.()2.Sara,__________theTVrightnow.It’stimetogotobed.Oh,Mum,thisismyfavouriteprogramme!A.turnon B.turnoff C.turnup D.turndown()3.Hownoisyitis!Couldyouplease____theCDplayeralittle?A.turnoff B.turndownC.turnon D.turnup()4.MumwantstowatchtheCCTVnews.Let’s__________theTV.A.turndown B.turnoff C.turnto D.turnon()5.Iwanttousetheputer.Canyou?A.turnonit B.turnitonC.turnitoff D.turnoffit要点3cutupcutup意为“切碎”，其同义词组为cutintopieces。cutup后跟代词作宾语时，代词应放在cut和up之间；接名词作宾语时，名词通常放在up后。例如：cutit(them)up把它（它们）切碎cutuptheapple把那个苹果切碎【拓展】cutdown砍倒；砍伐；减少cutoff切断；切除cutout删除cutin插嘴【典例分析】()1.Elephantsarelosingtheirhomesbecausepeople________toomanytrees.A.cutup B.cutout C.cutoff D.cutdown()2.Wemustcut______thetomatoesandputthem_______theblender.A．off;in B．up;in C．down;into D．over;in要点4add的用法add作动词，意为“加，增加”，常用以下结构：

（1）add…to…意为“把……加到……”，例如：

Don’taddfueltotheflames.别再火上浇油了。

（2）addto表示“增加；增添”,其中to是介词,后接名词或代词。例如：Eachgirlpresentatthepartywaswearingaflowerinthehair,whichaddedtotheirbeauty.参加晚会的姑娘人人头上都戴有一朵花,使得她们显得愈加漂亮。（3）addupto意为“总计；加起来结果是”。例如：

Allthenumbersadduptoexactly900.所有数加起来一共900.【典例分析】()1.Ifmoresalt______tothesoup,itwilltastebetterA.isadded B.willbeadded C.willadd D.Adds()2.Please________allthefigurestoseehowmuchthey________.A.add;addupB.addup;adduptoC.addup;addupD.add;addto()3.He._________somesugar_________thecoffee.A.put；at B.added；to C.added；with D.added；/要点5prepare的用法prepare意为“使做好准备;把……准备好”。用法如下:①preparefor=getreadyfor为……做准备②preparetodosth.准备做某事③preparesth.forsb.为某人准备某物【拓展】prepare的名词形式为preparation,意为“准备”时,作不可数名词;意为“准备工作”时,作可数名词。()1.Look！TheWhitesare_______forabigfamilydinnerinthekitchen.A.lookingB.askingC.preparingD.caring()2.________everythingaheadoftime,andyouwillbesuccessful.A.lookB.askC.prepareD.care要点6cover的用法(1)cover动词,意为“遮盖;覆盖;包含,包括”。常见用法如下:①cover...with...用……覆盖……②sth.becoveredwith...某物被……覆盖如:Lindacoveredherfacewithherhands.琳达用手遮住脸。Thetableiscoveredwithacloth.桌子被一块布盖着。(2)cover名词,意为“覆盖物,盖子;(书刊等的)封面，封皮”。如:Thisglassbowlhasaplasticcover.这个玻璃碗有一个塑料盖子。()1.Whenwearrivedhome,theinsideofourhousewas_______withrainwater.A.helpedB.coveredC.mixedD.made()2.DuringMay,mostplacesinChinaarewarm.ButMountQomolangmaisstillcoldandcovered_________snow.A.withB.toC.byD.for（四）重点语法（一）可数名词和不可数名词的用法区别（1）可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，而不可数名词没有复数形式。（2）不定冠词a/an、基数词可直接修饰可数名词，表示数量。而不可数名词在表示数量时,则用“冠词/基数词+表示计量单位的名词+of+不可数名词”。（3）可数名词复数前可用many,some,any,few,afew,alotof,lotsof等修饰；不可数名词前可用much,some,any,little,alittle,alotof,lotsof等修饰。（4）可数名词作主语时，谓语动词与主语的单复数保持一致，不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式（5）提问可数名词的数量用howmany，提问不可数名词的数量用howmuch。1名词复数的规则变化：(1)一般情况下在词尾加s。如：book→books,chair→chairs(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词，在词尾加es。如：class→classes,box→boxes(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，先将f或fe变为v，再加es。如：shelf→shelves,wife→wives(4)以o结尾的名词，词尾加es或s。如：tomato→tomatoes,photo→photos(5)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，先将y改为i，再加es。如：baby→babies,factory→factories2名词复数的不规则变化：(1)元音字母发生变化。如：man→men,woman→women,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,mouse→mice,goose→geese(2)单、复数形式相同。如：deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese(3)词尾发生变化。如：child→children(4)有些名词只有复数形式。如：clothes,trousers,people(5)man,woman修饰其他名词时，单复数要与被修饰的名词保持一致。如：amandoctor→mendoctors【典例分析】一、将可数名词和不可数名词分类，填入对应的位置：apple,bread,coffee,egg,juice,milk,potato,advice,tomato,tea,desk,guitar,tree,bus,weather,information可数名词：____________________________________________________________________不可数名词：____________________________________________________________________二、用单词的适当形式填空1.Howmanydoyouhave?(dictionary)

2.Shelikeseatingnoodlesverymuchandshedoesn’taddtoomuchsalttothem.(tomato)

3.Thereisabytheriverandtherearemanyonthehill.(sheep)

4.Lindaboughttwointhesupermarketlastnight.(knife)

5.Thesewatchesweremadeby.(German)

6.ismyfavoritecolorandIalsolikeeatingbest.(orange)

7.Nomatterwhattimewearegettingthrough,(hero)arealwaysaroundus.

8.Myaunt'sbabyhasfour(tooth)now.

9.Letlifebebeautifullikesummerflowersanddeathlikeautumn(leaf).

10.Ihavesome(photo)thatItookinAustralialastyear.

（二）祈使句祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。一、祈使句的肯定句式：一般分为以下四种类型：（1）实义动词＋其他成分。 Makesentencesafterthemodel.根据例句造句。（2）Be动词＋其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）。 Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet. 过马路时要小心。（3）Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分。 Lethimgobacknow. 让他现在回去吧。（4）无动词祈使句。 Thisway，please！请这边走！ Justaminute，please！请稍等片刻！二、祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在动词原形前加上don't或never，一般分为以下三种类型：（1）在肯定祈使句的动词原形前加don't，构成“Don't＋动词原形＋其他成分”。 Don'tsaythatagain！别再那样说了！（2）let引导的祈使句的否定形式有两种： ①以let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，在let前加don't。Don'tletmegowithhertomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起去。②以let's开头的祈使句，必须在let's后加not。Let'snotplayputergamesfromnowon.从现在开始，我们不玩电脑游戏了吧。（3）在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用 “No＋名词/动词的ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。NOPHOTOS！禁止拍照！【典例分析】()1.Tom,________afraidofspeakingoutyourideas.A.don'tB.notC.notbeD.don'tbe()2.Don'truninthehallwaysand________arrivelateforclass.A.nottoB.won'tC.don'tD.no()3.________kindandhelpfultothepeoplearoundus,andwewillmaketheworldaniceplacetolivein.A．BeB．BeingC．TobeD．Been()4.“_____exerciseeveryday,myson.It’sgoodforyourhealth,”Dadoftensaystohim.A.Takestake()5._____wakeupyoursister,Ben.Sheneedsagoodsleep.A.Don’tB.Doesn’tC.Aren’tD.Can’t()6._____carefully,please!Thereisaschoolahead.drive()7._____thedishesafterdinner,Tony.Noproblem,Mom.wash(Tom,_____heretocarrytheluggageupstairsforme,willyou?Allright.D.toe()9._______ondoingsportseveryday,andyou’llhaveahealthybody.A.KeepB.TokeepC.KeepsD.Keeping()10.______walkonthegrass.A.Doesn’tB.Don’tC.Not（五）单元作文介绍你最喜欢的食物及制作方法【写作任务】(SectionB3c)某英文杂志新设栏目《在线烹饪》并公开征集稿件，内容主要是介绍你最喜欢的食物及制作方法。假如你最喜欢的食物是蛋炒饭，请写一篇短文向该杂志投稿。【思路点拨】1.定基调体裁：说明文时态：一般现在时人称：第二人称2.谋布局、写句子3.巧衔接本文主要描述蛋炒饭的制作过程，所以可以用first,next,then,finally等表示顺序的词来连接各步骤，使文章过渡自然，富有逻辑。4.成篇章Hello,myfavoritefoodisricefriedwitheggs.HereIwilltellyouhowtomakeit.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Homework：一、单项选择()1.—________yogurtdoyouneed?—Twocups.A．HowmanyB．HowmuchC．HowoftenD．Howlong()2.Yoursisterissleepingonthe________her________thequilt，Linda.A．fill；withB．full；ofC．cover；withD．cook；for()3.Thenewrestaurant________peoplemanykindsofdeliciousnotgothere?A．cooksB．servesC．sharesD．orders()4.Iwanttousethemeattomakeyouhelpme________？A．cutitupB．cutupitC．putitupD．putupit()5.—Let'smakeabananamilkshake.—________．A．That'sagoodideaB．You'reweleC．ThankyouD．No,wedon't()6.Putsome________andchicken________onthesandwich.A．meat;pieceB．meats;piecesC．meat;piecesD．meats;piece()7.Howbeautifultheplaceis!Ireallywanttostayherefor________days.A．twoanotherB．twootherC．anothertwoD．moretwo()8.Theblenderisdirty.________itwithyoursisterthisafternoon.A．CleaningB．CleanC．TocleanD．Cleaned()9.—________coffeewouldyouliketodrink?—Onlytwocups.A．WhatB．WhatkindofC．HowmanyD．Howmuch()10.—Iwanttomakeatomatomilkshake.WhatdoIneed?—Youneed________tomatoesand________yogurt.A．two;someB．two;manyC．little;manyD．little;some()11.Ourparentsusually________teaandfruittovisitorsinthelivingroom.A．addB．sendC．serveD．peel()12.It'stoodarkinthe________thelight.A．turnoffB．turningoffC．turnonD．turningon()13.—Weneed________hourtofinishthework.—Areyousure？Ithinkweneedtwo________hours.A．another；anotherB．more；moreC．more；anotherD．another；more()14.—Whatdoyouneed，Alice?—________．A．TwospoonofhoneyB．TwospoonsofhoneysC．TwospoonhoneysD．Twospoonsofhoney()15.—Let'smakechickensoupforJim'sbirthdaydinner.—________．A．GoodluckB．GoodideaC．NevermindD．Bestwishes二、完形填空。WhenIwasyoung，Ienjoyedwatchingmymotherfavoritefoodwasfriedegg(煎鸡蛋)，somymotheroftencookedit__1__timeshecookedit，Icouldn't__2__toeatit.Oneday，mymotherwasnotatdecidedtofryaneggby__3__.Havingwatchedmymotherdoitmanytimesbefore，4__，Iwashedthe，Ipouredsomeoilintothe，I__5__the，whenitbecamehot，theoilsplattered(飞溅)allovertheofitgotonmyfaceandwasso__6__thatIcriedoutanddidnoteventrytogonearthepan！Afterafewminutes，theoil__7__turnedoffthestovequicklyandspentthenexthourcleaningthe__8__．Afterthat，I__9__wantedtolearn，Istillcan'ttryonlyhelpmymotherdothedishes__10__shefinishescooking.()1.A.forB．toC．withD．on()2.A.planB．hopeC．waitD．try()3.A.meB．myselfC．myD．mine()4.A.FirstB．SecondC．ThirdD．Finally()5.A.gotonB．gotoff