Unit8讲义人教版英语八年级上册

八年级上册Unit8可数名词与不可数名词可数名词变复数规则变化①一般情况下，再次为加_______。bookbooks②以字母_____________结尾的名词，在词尾加______。glassglassesfoxfoxeswishwisheswatchwatches③以_____或_____结尾的名词，把_____或____变为___，再加______.leafleaveshalfhalvesselfselveswifewivesknifekniveswolfwolvesshelfshelvesthiefthieveslifelives树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去杀狼，架后小刀逃命忙。注意：roofroofsbeliefbeliefsproofproofshandkerchiefhandkerchiefs④以______________结尾的名词，先变___为____，再加_____。familyfamiliesladyladiescitycities⑤以o结尾加es的名词：黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆（口诀）NegroNegroesheroheroestomatotomatoespotatopotatoes以o结尾加s的名词：我听广播，也看到了电视录像，说动物园里的袋鼠弹着钢琴吸引游客来照相。（口诀）radioradiosvideovideoszoozooskangarookangaroospianopianosphotophotos可数名词变复数不规则变化①改___为____manmenwomanwomenEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenpolicemanpolicemen②改_____为_____footfeettoothteethgoosegeese③在词尾加_____或_____childchildrenoxoxen④其他特殊变化Mousemicelouselice注意：GermanGermanshumanhumansChineseChineseJapaneseJapanesefishfishdeerdeersheepsheep复合名词的复数形式：trafficlighttrafficlightswomandoctorwomendoctors不可数名词及其量的表示方法①不可数名词包括：物质名词食物bread,meat,rice,cheese,fish,beef饮料milk,water,cola,coffee,wine,tea自然物质air,soil,sand,wood,coal抽象名词情感love,peace,friendship,joy,happiness概念exercise,knowledge,energy,population学科math,geography,physics,chemistry②不可数名词的量的表示方法：基数词+量词+of+不可数名词apieceofnewstwopiecesofnewsadropofinkthreedropsofinkabottleofmilkfivebottlesofmilkabagofricetwentybagsofrice可数名词与不可数名词的区别及其应用①可数名词单数可以用a(n)修饰，复数可以用基数词及some、any、few、afew、many、alotof等来修饰。不可数名词不能直接用数词修饰，需用“基数词+量词+of”结构修饰，也可以用some、any、little、alittle、much、alotof等来修饰。②用howmany询问可数名词数量的多少；用howmuch询问不可数名词数量的多少。③单个的单数名词作主语，谓语动词用_______，多个单数名词或复数名词作主语，谓语动词用_______。不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用_______。但当其前有“基数词+量词+of”时，谓语动词的数与量词的单复数保持一致。表示顺序的副词①First,...Next,...Then,...Finally,...首先……接下来……然后……最后……First,takeoutapieceofpaper.Next,writeyournameonit.Then,writedownthewordsontheblackboard.Finally,handitin.②First,...Second,...Third,...第一……第二……第三……③Foronething...Foranother...一方面……另一方面……Foronething,theseshoesdon’tsuityou.Foranother,theyaretooexpensive.turnon①turnonvs.Open词条意思反义词turnon打开（电灯、煤气、自来水、电器等之类的开关等）turnoffopen打开（门、窗、箱等）closeIt’stoodark.Whydon’tyou_____________thelight?②turnoffPleaseturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheroom.Beagreenerperson.③turnupIcan'thearclearly,pleaseturnuptheradio.Hedidn'tturnupuntilhalfanhourlater.④turndownMr.Chen,mykidissleeping.Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradio?Sorry.I’lldoitatonce.Whydidheturndownyourinvitationthatday?Becausehehadanimportantmeeting.cutup①IwanttomakeRussiansoup.Couldyoupleasecutupthetomatoesforme?②cutsthinhalf/two___________________cutdown_____________cutoff______________cutin______________o①o_______________Pleasepourthewaterintothebowl.②intovs.ino意为“进入”，是表示动态的介词；in意为“在……内”，是表示静态的介词。Shewalkedintotheroom.Sheiswalkingintheroom.b.在put、throw、break、lay、fall等动词之后，既可以用in，也可以用into，此时in也表示动态，常含有into的意思。Heputallthebooksin/intothebag.c.in可以用作副词，into则不能。ein!anotherHewantsthreemoreapples.=Hewants_________________apples.Ineedtwomorepiecesofpaper.=Ineed________________________ofpaper.need①Heneedssomehelp.②Youneedtowearmoreclothes.③Theflowersneedwatering.=Theflowersneedtobewatered.④Musthego?No,heneedn’t.注意：对于need开头的疑问句，肯定回答一般用need，否定回答一般用needn’t.add①ShallIaddyournametothelist?Add9tothetotal.“Anddon'tbelate,”sheadded.②addsthinRemembertoaddinthecostofdrinks.③addsthon(tosth)Aservicechargeof15%wasaddedontothebill.④addtosthThebadweatheronlyaddedtoourdifficulties.⑤addupHisstoryjustdoesn'taddup.Thewaitercan'taddup.Thenumbersadduptoexactly100.finally①Finally,hetoldmethetruth.②finally、atlast与intheendfinally表示某一动作发生的次序是在“最后”，无感情色彩，多用于过去时态。Finally,theyfinishedthework.atlast表示经过一番努力或曲折的过程后的结果，也可以用来表示“等候或耽误了很长时间之后才……”，常带有较浓厚的感情色彩，语气比较强烈。Shehaseatlast.intheend表示经过许多变化、困难或捉摸不定的情况后某事才发生，有时可与finally互换，其反义词词组是inthebeginningWefoundhishouseintheend.mixup①mixup_________Peopleoftenmixmeupwithotheractors.Don'tmixupthosepapers.②mixwith_________Oildoesnotmixwithwater.Oilandwaterdonotmix.③mixand__________Ifyoumixblueandyellow,yougetgreen.④mixsth(forsb)[mixsbsth]Whydon'tyoumixourguestsacocktail?⑤Childrenandfireworksdon'tmix.⑥Theydon'tmixmuchwiththeneighbours.fillwith①Momfilledmybagwithfoodandwater.②fillwithvs.fullofThefridgeisfilledwithfruit,vegetablesandmilk.Lifeisfullofloveeverywhere.Let’senjoyit.serveBreakfastisservedbetween7and10a.m.Thisdishwillservefourhungrypeople.Areyoubeingserved?Howcanwebestservetheneedsoffuturegenerations?Thecentrewillservethewholemunity.Thesofawillserveasabedforanightortwo.Heservedasacaptaininthearmy.Hehasservedtime(=beentoprison)before.Who'sserving?Leftyou,didshe?Itservesyourightforbeingsoselfish.coverShecoveredherfacewithherhands.Snowcoveredtheground.=Thegroundwascoveredwithsnow.Theplayersweresooncoveredinmud.Thesurveycoversallaspectsofthebusiness.Yourparentswillhavetocoveryourtuitionfees.Theywalkedforalongtimeandcoveredagooddealofground.Thereservecoversanareaofsome1140squarekilometres.TheBBCwillcoverallthemajorgamesofthetournament.I'mcoveringforJanewhileshe'sonleave.Ihavetogooutforaminute─willyoucoverformeifanyoneaskswhereIam?CovermewhileImoveforward.Don'tmove─we'vegotyoucovered!They'vecoveredanoldRollingStonesnumber.动词不定式在句中作定语Thebeginningoftheyearisusuallyatimetomakeresolutions.He’slookingforaroomtolivein.Ihavenopentowritewith.Doyouhaveanythingtosend?Doyouhaveanythingtobesent?短语turnon__________________cutup__________________o...__________________makesoup_______________plantatree_______________washclothes_________________digahole________________takeout_________________apieceof____________________gettogether______________abigmeal_______________maindish____________________makedishes______________ricenoodles_____________chickensoup__________________onemorething___________makepopcorn____________makebeefnoodles_____________ofcourse________________inmostcountries__________cookforfiveminutes___________ataveryhightemperature_________________it’stimetodosth_______________________练习题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空Theyoungmandranktwolarge__________(glass)ofwaterjustnow.______________(pour)themilkintotheblenderwhenyoumakeamilkshake.WhenIwalkedintotheroom,Isawthewoman_____________(peel)potatoes.______________(plant)moretreesisgoodforprotectingenvironment.Thecustomersarepleasedwiththe____________(serve)oftherestaurant.Some_____________(America)enjoytravelingaroundtheworld.Tom,it’stime_____________(get)up!Oryou’llbelateforschool.Mygrandmakeepshealthyby____________(do)houseworkeveryday.单项选择After________thewaterintothepot,he______somesalt.A.pouring;addingB.pouring;addedC.adding;pouredD.added;poured2.I’dliketobuyanewoven(烤箱).Theone’sovertheresellwell.Youcan______onebyonetohaveatry.turnonitB.turnitonC.turnonthemD.turnthemon3.Please_____somemilk_____mycoffee.Yes,sir.A.add;inB.add;toC.add;upD.add;upto4.Thedressdoesn’tfitmewell.Doone?Whataboutthisredone?5.CanIhelpyou?Pleasegiveme______aboutthetrainstoDaqing.A.afewinformationsB.alittleinformationsC.alittleinformationDafewinformation6.Threefifthsoftheteachersinourschoolare__________.A.manteachersB.menteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacher7.UncleLihasafarm.Therearesome______onthefarm.A.chickenandsheepB.chickensandsheepsC.chickensandsheepD.chickenandsheeps8.About200_______wenttoseetheAsianFashionShowlastnight.9