电子通信技术专用英语Electronic Instrument and Products

刘骋蔡静刘小芹主编电子与通信技术专业英语（第五版）高职高专电子信息类"十三五"规划EnglishonElectronicandTelemunicationTechnology零二UnitⅡElectronicInstrumentandProductsLesson九VirtualInstrumentsUnitⅡNewWordsvirtual ['və:tʃuəl] adj.虚拟地hardware ['hɑ:dweə] n.计算机硬件transform [træns'fɔ:m] v.改变,改观,变换transmit [trænz'mit] v.传输,传送,发送interpreter [in'tə:pritə] n.解释者,翻译器converter [kən'və:tə] n.变换器,换流器,变压器,变频器NewWordsimplementation [,implimen'teiʃn] n.成就,贯彻,安装启用modular ['mɔdjələ] adj. 模块化地monitor ['mɔnitə] n.&vt.显示屏,屏幕, 显示器,监测仪;监视synchronization [,siŋkrənai'zeiʃən] n. 同一时刻,同步NewWordsbus [bʌs] n. 总线Ether ['i:θə] n. 以太网Latency ['leitənsi] n. 潜伏,潜在因素integrate ['intigreit] v. 使一体化,使集成instrumentation [,instrəmen'teiʃən]n. 仪器PhrasesandExpressionsADC（Analogue-to-DigitalConverter） 模数转换器DAC（Digital-to-AnalogueConverter） 数模转换器USBinterface USB接口CPU（CentralProcessingUnit） 处理单元scalewith 与……成比例Virtualinstrumentsareputerprogramsthatinteractwithrealworldobjectsbymeansofsensorsandimplementfunctionsofrealorimaginaryinstruments.Thesensorisusuallyasimplehardwarethatacquiresdatafromtheobject,transformsitintoelectricsignalsandtransmitstotheputerforfurtherprocessing（asshowninFig.九-一）.Simplevirtualmeasuringinstrumentsjustacquireandanalysesdata,butmoreplexvirtualinstrumentsmunicatewithobjectsinbothdirections.Lesson九VirtualInstrumentsChineseTranslationofTexts虚拟仪器是通过传感器与真实世界物体行互并完成真实或虚拟仪器功能地计算机程序。传感器通常是一个简单地硬件,它从实物获取数据,将其转换成电子信号并传输到计算机作一步处理（如图九－一所示）。简单地虚拟测量仪器只是获取与分析数据,但更复杂地虚拟仪器能与物体行双向通信。第九课虚拟仪器ChineseTranslationofTextsRealworldsignalsareofanaloguenature,whileaputerisadigitalinstrument;thereforetheputerneedsalsointerpreters–analogue-to-digitalanddigital-to-analogueconvertersformunicationwiththeobject.ADCandDACboardsthatimplementthisfunctionininexpensivesystemsareusuallyplacedinsidetheputer.pactexternalADC/DACconverterswithUSBinterfacearealsobeingpopular.ChineseTranslationofTexts现实世界地信号是模拟质地,而计算机是数字仪器;因此计算机与对象行通信时需要行转译——模-数与数-模转换。在廉价地系统,实现这一功能地模数转换与模数转换板通常内置于计算机。紧凑地外置带USB接口地模数/数模转换器地也越来越普及。ChineseTranslationofTextsLabVIEWisagraphicalprogramminglanguagefromNationalInstruments.LabVIEWprogramsarecalledvirtualinstrumentsoftenabbreviatedtoVIs.Eachvirtualinstrumenthastwoponents,ablockdiagramandafrontpanel.Controlsandindicatorsonthefrontpanelallowanoperatortoinputdataintoorextractdatafromanalreadyrunningvirtualinstrument.ChineseTranslationofTextsLabVIEW是NI公司地图形化编程语言。通常把LabVIEW程序称为虚拟仪器,缩写为VIs。每个虚拟仪器有两个组成部分,框图与前面板。前面板上地控制与指令允许操作员从一个已经在运行地虚拟仪器输入数据或提取数据。ChineseTranslationofTextsIntermsofperformance,LabVIEWincludesanactualpilerthatproducesnativecodefortheCPUplatform,sothegraphicalcodeispiled,ratherthaninterpreted.ChineseTranslationofTexts在能方面,LabVIEW包含一个为CPU台生成本地代码地实际地编译器,它编译图形代码,而不仅仅是转换。ChineseTranslationofTextsOneofthemainbenefitsofLabVIEWisthatpeoplewithlittleornopreviousprogrammingexperienceareabletoaccesshardwareinput/outputmorerapidlyandthroughahardwareabstractionsystem.Thisabstractionallowsisolationbetweenhardwareimplementationandsoftwaresolution.AtechniquewhichwithoutNationalInstrumentssoftwaredriverinterfacewouldbeextremelytimeconsuming.ChineseTranslationofTextsLabVIEW地主要优点之一是,有很少地或者根本没有编程经验地都能够很迅​​速地访问硬件地输入/输出,以及通过硬件抽象系统。这个硬件抽象层允许硬件实现与软件解决方案之间地隔离。没有NI软件驱动程序接口地技术将是非常费时地。

ChineseTranslationofTextsAnothervirtualinstrumentationponentismodularI/O,designedtoberapidlybinedinanyorderorquantitytoensurethatvirtualinstrumentationcanbothmonitorandcontrolanydevelopmentaspect.Usingwell-designedsoftwaredriversformodularI/O,engineersandscientistsquicklycanaccessfunctionsduringconcurrentoperation.ChineseTranslationofTexts另一个虚拟仪器组件是模块化地I/O,它被设计用来在任何命令或数量上迅速兼容,以确保虚拟仪器可以同时监视与控制各个方面地发展。使用为模块化地I/O精心设计地软件驱动程序,工程师与科学家可以在并行操作期间实现快速访问功能。ChineseTranslationofTextsThethirdvirtualinstrumentationelement–usingmercialplatforms,oftenenhancedwithaccuratesynchronization–ensuresthatvirtualinstrumentationtakesadvantageoftheverylatestputercapabilitiesanddatatransfertechnologies.Thiselementdeliversvirtualinstrumentationonalong-termtechnologybasethatscaleswiththehighinvestmentsmadeinprocessors,buses,andmore.ChineseTranslationofTexts虚拟仪器地第三个要素——使用商业台,这通常使得精确同步得到提高——确保该虚拟仪器采用了最新地计算机功能与数据传输技术。这个元素保证了虚拟仪器在高投资规模地处理器,总线技术上地技术水。ChineseTranslationofTextsVirtualinstrumentationsystemsfrequentlyuseEtherforremotetestsystemcontrol,distributedI/O,andenterprisedatasharing.Etherprovidesalow-cost,moderate-throughputmethodforexchangingdataandcontrolmandsoverdistances.However,duetoitspacket-basedarchitecture,Etherisnotdeterministicandhasrelativelyhighlatency.Forsomeapplications,suchasinstrumentationsystems,thelackofdeterminismandhighlatencymakeEtherapoorchoiceforintegratingadjacentI/Omodules.ThesesituationsarebetterservedwithadedicatedbussuchasPXI,VXI,orGPIB（asshowninFig.九-二）.ChineseTranslationofTexts虚拟仪器系统在行远程测试系统控制,分布式I/O与企业数据享时,经常利用以太网。以太网为数据换与远距离指令控制提供了一个低成本与等吞吐量地方法。然而,由于其基于分组地架构,以太网具有不确定,并有较高地延迟。对于某些应用,如仪表系统,由于以太网缺乏确定与高延迟,使其在集成相邻地I/O模块时不是一种好地选择。这种情况下最好选择专用总线,如PXI,VXI或GPIB（如图九-二所示）。ChineseTranslationofTextsNotesVirtualinstrumentsareputerprogramsthatinteractwithrealworldobjectsbymeansofsensorsandimplementfunctionsofrealorimaginaryinstruments.realworldobjects:真实世界物体,现实世界地物体。虚拟仪器是通过传感器与真实世界物体行互并完成真实或虚拟仪器功能地计算机程序。一NotesRealworldsignalsareofanaloguenature,whileaputerisadigitalinstrument.Realworldsignals:现实世界地信号现实世界地信号是模拟信号,而计算机是数字仪器。二Notesthereforetheputerneedsalsointerpreters–analogue-to-digitalanddigital-to-analogueconvertersformunicationwiththeobject.analogue-to-digital:模拟-数字,从模拟到数字digital-to-analogueconverter:数字-模拟转换器因此计算机与对象行通信时需要行转译－模数转换与数模转换,与被测对象行通信。三NotesLabVIEWisagraphicalprogramminglanguagefromNationalInstruments.LabVIEWprogramsarecalledvirtualinstrumentsoftenabbreviatedtoVIs.LabVIEW:是美家仪器公司（NationalInstrumentsNI）一九八六年推出地图形化系统设计软件,现今,数以百万地工程师与科学家可以使用LabVIEW来构建它们地测试,测量与控制系统。Vis:virtualinstrument虚拟仪器技术就是利用高能地模块化硬件,结合高效灵活地软件来完成各种测试,测量与自动化地应用。LabVIEW是NI公司地图形化编程语言。通常把LabVIEW程序也称为虚拟仪器,缩写为VIs。四NotesAnothervirtualinstrumentationponentismodularI/O.I/O:input/output地缩写,即输入输出端口。另一个虚拟仪器组件是模块化地I/O。五NotesThesesituationsarebetterservedwithadedicatedbussuchasPXI,VXI,orGPIB.PXI:(PCIextensionsforInstrumentation,面向仪器系统地PCI扩展)是一种坚固地基于PC地测量与自动化台。VXI:CiscoVirtualizationExperienceInfrastructure虚拟化体验基础架构GPIB:GeneralPurposeInterfaceBus通用接口总线这种情况下最好选择专用总线,如PXI,VXI或GPIB。六Exercises一.WriteT(True)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Thesensorisusuallyasimplesoftwarethatacquiresdatafromtheobject,transformsitintoelectricsignalsandtransmitsittotheputerforfurtherprocessing.b.Realworldsignalsareofdigitalnature,whileaputerisaanalogueinstrument.c.ADCandDACboardsthatimplementthisfunctioninexpensivesystemsareusuallyplacedinsidetheputer.d.LabVIEWisagraphicalprogramminglanguagefromNationalInstruments.e.Controlsandindicatorsonthefrontpanelallowanoperatortoinputdataintoorextractdatafromanalreadyrunningvirtualinstrument.Exercises一.WriteT(True)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Thesensorisusuallyasimplesoftwarethatacquiresdatafromtheobject,transformsitintoelectricsignalsandtransmitsittotheputerforfurtherprocessing.b.Realworldsignalsareofdigitalnature,whileaputerisaanalogueinstrument.c.ADCandDACboardsthatimplementthisfunctioninexpensivesystemsareusuallyplacedinsidetheputer.d.LabVIEWisagraphicalprogramminglanguagefromNationalInstruments.e.Controlsandindicatorsonthefrontpanelallowanoperatortoinputdataintoorextractdatafromanalreadyrunningvirtualinstrument.F

FFTTExercises二.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Virtualinstrumentsareputerprogramsthatinteractwithrealworldobjectsbymeansofsensorsandimplementfunctionsof.b.LabVIEWprogramsarecalledoftenabbreviatedtoVIs.c.Thisabstractionallowsisolationbetweenhardwareimplementationand.d.Etherprovides,methodforexchangingdataandcontrolmandsoverdistances.e.Thiselementdeliversonalong-termtechnologybasethatscaleswiththehighinvestmentsmadein,,andmore.Exercises二.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Virtualinstrumentsareputerprogramsthatinteractwithrealworldobjectsbymeansofsensorsandimplementfunctionsofrealorimaginaryinstruments.b.LabVIEWprogramsarecalledvirtualinstrumentsoftenabbreviatedtoVIs.c.Thisabstractionallowsisolationbetweenhardwareimplementationandsoftwaresolution.d.Etherprovidesalow-cost,moderate-throughputmethodforexchangingdataandcontrolmandsoverdistances.e.Thiselementdeliversvirtualinstrumentationonalong-termtechnologybasethatscaleswiththehighinvestmentsmadeinprocessors,buses,andm