1运动：附肢骨-课件

1运动：附肢骨目的和要求

1.掌握上肢带骨、自由上肢骨、下肢带骨、自由下肢骨的位置和形态及上、下肢骨的重要体表标志。2.了解腕骨、掌骨、指骨及跗骨、跖骨、趾骨的位置和排列。Theappendicularskeleton(附肢骨）

thebriefintroductionIncludesthebonesofupperlimbsandlowerlimbs.Becauseoftheerectstanding,theupperlimbsarefreeandadaptedforthepurposeofprehension,whilethelowerlimbsarespecializedforlocomotion,bearingweight,andmaintainingequilibrium.Sothebonesoflowerlimbaremoremassivethanthoseofupperlimb.ⅠBonesofupperlimbComposition:Shouldergirdleclavicle锁骨scapula肩胛骨Bonesoffreeupperlimb

humerus

肱骨

ulna尺骨radius桡骨

bonesofhand手骨Towcurves:“S”shaped,medial2/3convexforwardandlateral1/3convexbackward.Towends:

sternalend胸骨端

acromialend肩峰端Ⅰ）Shouldergirdle上肢带骨ⅰClavicle锁骨Locatedattheupperandanteriorpartofthethorax

(inferiorview)(superiorview)ⅱScapula

肩胛骨Position:

Ontheposterolateralofthethoraxbetweenthesecondandseventhribs.ⅱScapula

肩胛骨

Twosurfaces

Anteriorsurface:

subscapular

fossa

肩胛下窝Posteriorsurface:

spineofscapula肩胛冈

supraspinous

fossa冈上窝

infraspinous

fossa冈下窝

acromion

肩峰Twosurfaces,threeborders,andthreeangles.ThreebordersSuperiorborder上缘

Medialborder内侧缘Lateralborder外侧缘Superiorborder:

scapularnotch肩胛切迹

coracoidprocess喙突Superior:oppositetothe2ndribInferior:oppositetothe7thribor7thintercostalsspaceLateral:glenoidcavity关节盂

supra-andinfraglenoidtubercles

盂上、下结节Threeangles:SuperiorInferiorLateralRightscapula.LateralsurfaceglenoidcavityinfraglenoidtuberclesupraglenoidtubercleⅡ）Bonesoffreeupperlimb

ⅰThehumerus肱骨Positionofhumeruanteriorviewposteriorview

Upperend:

headofhumerus

肱骨头

anatomicalneck解剖颈

greatertubercle大结节

Lessertubercle小结节

surgicalneck外科颈ⅰThehumerus肱骨ItconsistsofabodyandtwoendsanteriorviewposteriorviewShaft（thebody）:

deltoidtuberosity

三角肌粗隆

sulcusforradialnerve

桡神经沟

(肱骨中断骨折容易伤及桡神经引起垂腕)Capitulumofhumerus肱骨小头Trochleaofhumerus肱骨滑车radialfossa桡窝

coronoidfossa冠突窝olecranonfossa鹰嘴窝Lowerend:medialandlateral

epicondyles内、外上髁

sulcusfor

ulnarnerve尺神经沟ⅱRadius桡骨Upperend:

headofradius桡骨头

neckofradius桡骨颈

radialtuberosity

桡骨粗隆Shaft:

interosseousborder骨间缘Lowerend:

carpalarticularsurface腕关节面

styloidprocess桡骨茎突ⅲ

Ulnar

尺骨

Upperend:

olecranon

鹰嘴

coronoidprocess

冠突

trochlearnotch滑车切迹

radialnotch

桡切迹

Lowerend

:

styloidprocess尺骨茎突

headofulna尺骨头Carpalbones腕骨(8)

舟月三角豆;大小头状钩

Metacarpalbones掌骨(5):base(proximally)底

shaft体

head(distally)头Phalangesoffingers指骨(14):base(proximally)底

shaft体

trochleaofphalanx(distally)滑车ⅳbonesofhand

ⅡBonesofLowerLimb

Composition:

Pelvicgirdle:hipbone髋骨Bonesoffreelowerlimb:Femur股骨

Patella髌骨Tibia胫骨

fibula腓骨Bonesoffoot足骨Eachhipboneactuallyconsistsofthreeseparatebones:theilium髂骨,theischium坐骨,andthepubis耻骨.Beforepubertythebonesareseparatedbyacartilage,andfuseattheageof15-17.Ⅰ）Hipbone髋骨internalview,right

Composition:

Alaofilium髂骨翼Bodyofilium

髂骨体ⅰ）

ilium

髂骨externalview,rightinternalview,rightⅰ）ilium髂骨iliaccrest髂嵴anteriorsuperioriliacspine髂前上棘posteriorsuperioriliacspine髂后上棘anteriorinferioriliacspine髂前下棘posteriorinferioriliacspine髂后下棘tubercleofiliaccrest髂结节iliacfossa髂窝arcuateline弓状线auricularsurface耳状面ⅰ）ilium

髂骨

ⅱ）ischium坐骨Bodyofischium

坐骨体ischialspine坐骨棘greatersciaticnotch坐骨大切迹lessersciaticnotch坐骨小切迹Ramusofischium

坐骨支ischial

tuberosity

坐骨结节externalview

ⅱ）

Pubis

耻骨Bodyofpubis耻骨体

：

iliopubiceminence髂耻隆起Superiorramusofpubis

耻骨上支:

symphysialsurface耻骨联合面

pectenofpubis耻骨梳

pubictubercle耻骨结节Inferiorramusofpubis

耻骨下支:

obturatorforamen闭孔Acetabulum

髋臼

formedbybodiesofischium,iliumandpubis

Lunatesurface月状面

acetabular

fossa

髋臼窝

acetabularnotch髋臼切迹

Thefemuristhelongestandheaviestboneinthebodyandconsistsofashaftandtwoends.Ⅱ）Bonesoffreelowerlimb

ⅰ）

femur

股骨femoralhead股骨头foveaoffemoralhead股骨头凹neckoffemur股骨颈（易骨折）greatertrochanter大转子lessertrochanter小转子intertrochantericline转子间线intertrochantericcrest转子间嵴

Upperend:anteriorviewposteriorviewFractureofthefemoralneckpoplitealsurface腘面

Shaftmedialcondyle内侧髁lateralcondyle外侧髁medialepicondyle内上髁lateralepicondyle外上髁intercondylarfossa髁间窝patellarsurface髌面

Lowerend

ⅱ）

Patella髌骨ⅲ）Tibia

胫骨Upperend:

medial

and

lateralcondyles

内外侧髁

intercondylareminence髁间隆起

tuberosityoftibia胫骨粗隆

Lowerend:medialmalleolus

内踝ⅳ）Fibula

腓骨Upperend:fibular

head腓骨头

neckoffi