2008年6月21日大学英语六级真题及答案

2008年6月21日大学英语六级真题及答案PartⅠWriting(30minutes)WillE-booksReplaceTraditionalBooks1.随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多2.有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书，理由是……3.我的看法注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)DirectionsInthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionson

AnswerSheet1Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD.For

questions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.WhatwilltheworldbelikeinfiftyyearsThisweeksometopscientists,includingNobelPrizewinners,gavetheirvisionofhowtheworldwilllook

in2056,frongas-poweredcarstoextraordinaryhealthadvances,JohnInghamreportsonwhattheworld’s

finestmindsbelieveourfutureswillbe.Forthoseofusluckyenoughtolivethatlong,2056willbeaworldofalmostperpetualyouth,whereobesity

isaremotememoryandrobotsbecomeourcompanions.Wewillberubbingshoulderswithaliensandcolonizingouterspace.Betterstill,ourdescendantsmightat

lastliveinaworldatpeacewithitself.Thepredictionisthatwewillhavefoundasourceofinexbaustible,safe,greenenergy,andthatsciencewill

havekilledoffreligion.Iftheyarerightwewillhaveremovedtwoofthemaincausesofwar-our

dependenceonoilandreligiousprejudice.Willwereally,astoday’sscientistsclaim,beabletoliveforeveroratleastcheattheageingprocesssothat

theaveragepersonlivesto150Ofcourse,allthesepredictionscomewithascientifichealthwarning.HarvardprofessorStevenPinkersays

“Thisisaninvitationtolookfoolish,aswiththepredictionsofdomedcitiesandnuclear-poweredvacuum

cleanersthatweremade50yearago.”LivinglongerAnthonyAtala,directoroftheWakeForestInstituteinNorthCarolina,belivesfailingorganswillbe

repairedbyinjectingcellsintothebody.Theywillnaturallytostraighttotheinjuryandhelphealit.A

systemofinjectionswithoutneedlescouldalsoslowtheageingprocessbyusingthesameprocessto“tune

”cells.BruceLahn,professorofhumangeneticsattheUniversityofChicago,anticipatestheabilityto

produce“unlimitedsupplies”oftransplantablehumanorganswithouttheneededaneworgan,suchas

kidney,thesurgeonwouldcontactacommercialorganproducer,givehimthepatient’simmuno-logical

profileandwouldthenbesentakidneywiththecorrecttissuetype.Theseorganswouldbeentirelycomposedofhumancells,grownbyintroducingthemintoanimalhosts,and

alloweingthemtodeveoopintoandorganinplaceoftheanimal’sown.ButProf.Lahnbelievesthat

Heays”Assoonasthefirstevidenceisfound,wewillknowwhattolookforandadditionaldiscoveriesare

likelytofollowquickly.Suchdiscoveriesarelikelytohaverevolutionaryconsequencesforbiology,

astronomyandphilosophy.Theymaychangethewaywelookatourselvesandourplaceintheuniverse.ColoniesinspaceRichardGottprofessorofastrophysicsatPrinceton,hopesmanwillsetupaself-sufficientcolonyon

Mars,whichwouldbea“lifeinsurancepolicyagainstwhatevercatastrophes,naturalorotherwise,might

occuronEarth.“TherealspaceraceiswhetherwewillcoloniseoffEarthontootherworldsbeforemoneyforthespace

programmerunsout.”SpinalinjuriesEllenHeber-Katz,aprofessorattheWistarInstitudeinPhiladelphia,foreseescuresforinijuriescausing

paralysissuchastheonethatafflicatedSupermanstarChristopherReeve.Shesays”Ibelievethatthedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillbeabletoprofescribedrugsthatcauseseveres(断

裂的)spinalcordstoheal,heartstoregenerateandlostlimbstoregrow.“Peoplewillcometoexpectthatinjuredordiseasedorgansaremeanttoberepairedfromwithin,inmuch

thesamewaythatwefixanapplianceorautomobilebyreplancingthedamagedpartwithamanufacturer-

certifiednewpart.”Shepredictthatwithin5to10yearsfingersandtoeswillberegrownandlimbswill

starttoberegrownafewyearslater.Repariestothenervoussystemwillstartwithopticnervesand,in

time,thespinalcord.”Within50yearswholebodyreplacementwillberoutine,”Prof.Heber-Katzadds.ObesitySydneyBrenner,seniordistinguishedfellowoftheCrick-JacobsCenterinCalifornia,wonthe2002Noblel

PrizeforMedicineandsaysthatifthereisaglobaldisastersomehumanswillsurvive-andevolitionwill

favoursmallpeoplewithbodieslargeenoughtosupporttherequiredamountofbrain

power.”Obesity,”hesays.”willhavebeensolved.”RobotsRodneyBrooks,professorofroboticeatMIT,saystheproblemsofdevelopingartificialintelligenceforrobots

willbeatleastpartlyovercome.Asaresult,”thepossibilitiesforrobotsworkingwithpeoplewillopenup

immensely”EnergyBillJoy,greentechnologyexpertinCalifomia,says”Themostsignificantbreakthroughtwouldbetohavean

inexhaustiblesourceofsafe,greenenergythatissubstantiallycheaperthananyexistingenergysource.”Ideally,suchasourcewouldbesafeinthatitcouldnotbemadeintoweaponsandwouldnotmake

hazardousortoxicwasteorcarbondioxide,themaingreenhousegasblamedforglobalwarming.SocietyGeoffreyMiller,evolutionarypsychologistattheUniversityofNewMexico,says”TheUSwillfollowthe

UKinrealizingthatreligionisnoraprerequisite(前提)forordinaryhumandecency.“This,sciencewillkillreligion-notbyreasonchallengingfaithbutbyofferingamorepractical,uniwersal

andrewardingmoralframeworkforhumaninteraction.”Healsopredictsthat“ahsurdlywasteful”displaysofwealthwillbecomeumfashionablewhilethe

importanceofclose-knitcommunitiesandfamilieswillbecomeclearer.Thesetherechanger,hesays,willhelpmakeusall”brigheter,wiser,happierandkinder”.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.Whatisjohnlngham’sreportaboutA)AsolutiontotheglobalenergycrisisB)Extraordinaryadvancesintechnology.C)ThelatestdevelopmentsofmedicalscienceD)Scientists’visionoftheworldinhalfacentury2.AccordingtoHarvardprofessorStevenPinker,predictionsaboutthefuture_____.A)mayinvitetroubleB)maynotcometrueC)willfoolthepublicD)domoreharmthangood3.ProfessorBruceLahnoftheUniversityofChicagopredictsthat____.A)humanswon’thavetodonateorgansfortransplantationB)morepeoplewilldonatetheirorgansfortransplantationC)animalorganscouldbetransplantedintohumanbodiesD)organtransplantationwon’tbeasscaryasitistoday4.AccordingtoprofessorRichardMilleroftheUniversityofMichigarr,proplewill____.A)lifeforaslongastheywishB)berelievedfromallsufferingsC)lifeto100andmorewithvitalityD)beabletolivelongerthanwhales5.PricetonprofessorFreemanSysonthinksthat____.A)scientistswillfindalienlifesimilartooursB)humanswillbeabletosettleonMarsC)alienlifewilllikelybediscoveredD)lifewillstarttoevolveonMars6.AccordingtoPrincetonprofessorRichardGott,bysettingupaself-sufficientcolonyonMars,Humans_____.A)MightsurvieallcatastrophesonearthB)MightacquireamplenaturalresourcesC)WillbeabletotraveltoMarsfreelyD)Willmovetheretoliveabetterlife7.EllenHeber-Katz,professorattheWistarInstitueinPhiladelpia,predictsthat_____.A)humanorganscanbumanufacturedlikeappliancesB)peoplewillbeasstronganddymamicassupermenC)humannervescanbereplancedbyopticfibersD)lostfingersandlimbswillbeabletoregrow8.rodneyBrookssaysthatitwillbepossibleforrobotstoworkwithhumansasaresultorthedevelopment

of__artificaialintelligenceforrobots_____9.ThemostsignificantbreakthroughpredictedbyBilljoywillbeaninexhaustiblegreenenergysourcethat

can’tbeusedtomake__pollutions___________10AccordingtoGeoffreyMiller,sciencewillofferamorepractical,universalandrewardingmoral

frameworkinplaceof_________religion_______PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirectionsInthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeach

conversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmust

readthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),angD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答11.A)ThemanmightbeabletoplayintheWorldCup.B)Theman’sfootballcareerseemstobeatanend.C)Themanwasoperatedonafewweeksago.D)Themanisafanofworld-famousfootballplayers.12.A)WorkoutaplantotightenhisbudgetB)Findouttheopeninghoursofthecafeteria.C)Applyforaseniorpositionintherestaurant.D)Solvehisproblembydoingapart-timejob.13.A)Afinancialburden.C)Arealnuisance.B)AgoodcompanionD)Awell-trainedpet.14.A)Theerrorswillbecorrectedsoon.C)Thecomputingsystemistoocomplex.B)Thewomanwasmistakenherself.D)Hehascalledthewomanseveraltimes.15.A)Heneedshelptoretrievehisfiles.C)Heneedssometimetopolishhispaper.B)Hehastotypehispaperoncemore.D)Hewillbeawayforatwo-weekconference.16.A)Theymighthavetochangetheirplan.B)Hehasgoteverythingsetfortheirtrip.C)Hehasaheavierworkloadthanthewoman.D)TheycouldstayinthemountainsuntilJune8.17.A)Theyhavewaitamonthtoapplyforastudentloan.B)Theycanfindtheapplicationformsinthebrochure.C)Theyarenoteligibleforastudentloan.D)Theyarenotlateforaloanapplication.18.A)Newlawsareyettobemadetoreducepollutantrelease.B)Pollutionhasattractedlittleattentionfromthepublic.C)Thequalityofairwillsurelychangeforthebetter.D)It’lltakeyearstobringairpollutionundercontrol.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Enormoussizeofitsstores.C)Itsappealingsurroundings.B)Numerousvarietiesoffood.D)Itsrichandcolorfulhistory.20.A)Anancientbuilding.C)AnEgyptianmuseum.B)Aworldofantiques.D)AnEgyptianMemorial.21.A)Itspowerbillreaches$9millionayear.B)Itsellsthousandsoflightbulbsaday.C)Itsuppliespowertoanearbytown.D)Itgenerates70%oftheelectricityituses.22.A)11,500C)250,000B)30,000D)300,000Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Transferringtoanotherdepartment.C)Thinkingaboutdoingadifferentjob.B)StudyingaccountingatauniversityD)Makingpreparationforherwedding.24.A)Shehasfinallygotapromotionandapayraise.B)Shehasgotasatisfactoryjobinanothercompany.C)Shecouldatlastleavetheaccountingdepartment.D)Shemanagedtokeepherpositioninthecompany.25.A)HeandAndreahaveprovedtobeaperfectmatch.B)Hechangedhismindaboutmarriageunexpectedly.C)Hedeclaredthathewouldremainsingleallhislife.D)HewouldmarryAndreaevenwithoutmeetingher.SectionBDirectionsInthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsome

question.Boththepassageandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce..Afteryouhearaquestion,youmust

choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter

onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Theyaremotorcyclesdesignatedforwatersports.B)Theyarespeedyboatsrestrictedinnarrowwaterways.C)Theyarebecominganefficientformofwatertransportation.D)Theyaregettingmorepopularasameansorwaterrecreation.27.A)Waterscooteroperators’lackofexperience.B)Vacationers’disregardofwatersafetyrules.C)Overloadingofsmallboatsandothercraft.D)Carelessnessofpeopleboatingalongtheshore.28.A)Theyscarewhalestodeath.C)Theydischargetoxicemissions.B)Theyproducetoomuchnoise.D)Theyendangerlotsofwaterlife.29.A)Expandoperatingareas.C)Limittheuseofwaterscooters.B)Restrictoperatinghours.D)Enforcenecessaryregulations.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Theyarestable.C)Theyarestrained.C)Theyareclose.D)Theyarechanging.31.A)Theyarefullyoccupiedwiththeirownbusiness.B)Notmanyofthemstayinthesameplaceforlong.C)Notmanyofthemcanwintrustfromtheirneighbors.D)Theyattachlessimportancetointerpersonalrelations.32.A)Countoneachotherforhelp.C)Keepafriendlydistance.B)Giveeachotheracoldshoulder.D)Buildafencebetweenthem.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Itmayproduceanincreasingnumberofidleyoungsters.B)ItmayaffectthequalityofhighereducationinAmerica.C)Itmaycausemanyschoolstogooutofoperation.D)Itmayleadtoalackofproperlyeducatedworkers.34．A）Itislessseriousincitiesthaninruralareas.B)Itaffectsbothjuniorandseniorhighschools.C)Itresultsfromaworseningeconomicclimate.D)ItisanewchallengefacingAmericaneducators.35.A)Allowingthemtochoosetheirfavoriteteachers.B)Creatingamorerelaxedlearningenvironment.C)Rewardingexcellentacademicperformance.D)Helpingthemtodevelopbetterstudyhabits.SectionCDirectionsInthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,you

shouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredto

fillintheblanknumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumbered

from44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusethe

exactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownword.Finally,whenthepassage

isreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。CompoundDictationI'minterestedinthecriminaljusticesystemofourcountry.Itseemstomethatsomethinghastobedoneif

wearetosurviveasacountry.Icertainlydon'tknowwhattheanswerstoourproblemsare.Thingscertainly

getcomplicatedinahurrywhenyougetintothem.ButIwonderifsomethingcouldn'tbedonetodeal

withsomeoftheseproblems.OnethingI'mconcernedaboutisourpracticeofputtingoffendersinjailwhohaven'tharmedanyone.Why

notworkoutsomesystemwherebytheycanpaybackthedebtstheyowesocietyinsteadofincurring

anotherdebtbygoingtoprison,andofcourse,comingundertheinfluenceofhardenedcriminalsI'malso

concernedabouttheshortprisonsentencespeopleareservingforseriouscrimes.Ofcourse,onealternativeto

thisistorestorecapitalpunishment,butI'mnotsureIwouldbeforthat.I'mnotsureit'srighttotakeaneye

foreye.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirectionsInthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthe

passagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Please

writeouranswersonAnswerSheet2Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ifmovietrailers(预告片)aresupposedtocauseareaction,thepreviewforUnited93morethansucceeds.

Featuringnofamousactors,itbeginswithimagesofabeautifulmorningandpassengersboardingan

airplane.Ittakesyouaminutetorealizewhatthemovie'sevenabout.That’swhenaplanehitstheWorld

TradeCenter.theeffectisvisceral(震撼心灵的).WhenthetrailerplayedbeforeInsideManlastweekata

Hollywoodtheater,audiencemembersbegancallingout,Toosoon!InNewYorkCity,theresponsewas

evenmoredramatic.TheLoewstheaterinManhattantooktherarestepofpullingthetrailerfromitsscreens

afterseveralcomplaints.United93isthefirstfeaturefilmtodealexplicitlywiththeeventsofSeptember11,2001,andiscertainto

igniteanemotionaldebate.IsittoosoonShouldthefilmhavebeenmadeatallMoretothepoint,will

anyonewanttoseeitOther911projectsareonthewayasthefifthanniversaryoftheattacksapproaches,

mostnotablyOliverStone'sWorldTradeCenter.butastheforerunner,United93willtakemostofthe

heat,whetheritdeservesitornot.TherealUnited93crashedinaPennsylvaniafieldafter40passengersandcrewfoughtbackagainstthe

terrorists.Writer-directorPaulGreengrasshasgonetogreatlengthstoberespectfulinhisdepictionofwhat

occurred,proceedingwiththefilmonlyaftersecuringtheapprovalofeveryvictim'sfamily.WasIsurprised

attheagreementYes.Very.Usuallythere’reoneortwofamilieswho'remorereluctant,Greengrasswrites

inane-mail.IwassurprisedattheextraordinarywaytheUnited93familieshavewelcomedusintotheir

livesandsharedtheirexperienceswithus.CaroleO'Hare,afamilymember,says,Theywereveryopenand

honestwithus,andtheymadeusapartofthiswholeproject.Universal,whichisreleasingthefilm,plansto

donate10%ofitsopeningweekendgrosstotheFlight93NationalMemorialFund.Thathasn'tstopped

criticismthatthestudioisexploitinganationaltragedy.O'Harethinksthat'sunfair.Thisstoryhastobetold

tohonorthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,shesays.Butmorethanthat,itraisesawareness.Our

portsaren'tsecure.Ourbordersaren'tsecure.Ourairlinesstillaren'tsecure,andthisiswhathappenswhen

you'renotsecure.That’sthemessageIwantpeopletohear.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答47.ThetrailerforUnited93succeededincausingareactionwhenitplayedinthetheatersinHollywood

andNewYorkCity.48.ThemovieUnited93issuretogiverisetoanemotionaldebate.49.Whatdidwriter-directorPaulGreengrassobtainbeforeheproceededwiththemovietheapprovalofeveryvictim’sfamily50.Universal,whichisreleasingUnited93,hasbeencriticizedforexploitinganationaltragedy.51.CaroleO’Harethinksthatbesideshonoringthepassengersandcrewforwhattheydid,thepurposeof

tellingthestoryistoraisetheawarenessaboutsecurity.SectionBDirectionsThereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinished

statements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebest

choiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethoughtthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Imaginewakingupandfindingthevalueofyourassetshasbeenhalved.No,you’renotaninvestorinone

ofthosehedgefundsthatfailedcompletely.Withthedollarslumpingtoa26-yearlowagainstthepound,

already-expensiveLondonhasbecomequiteunaffordable.AcoffeeatStarbucks,justasunavoidablein

EnglandasitisintheUnitedStates,runsabout$8.Theonceall-powerfuldollarisn’tdoingaTitanicagainstjustthepound.Itissittingatarecordlow

againsttheeuroandata30-yearlowagainsttheCanadiandollar.EventheArgentinepesoandBrazilian

realarethrivingagainstthedollar.Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation,foranation’sself-esteemrestsinpartonthestrengthofits

currency.It’salsoapotentialeconomicproblem,sinceadecliningdollarmakesimportedfoodmore

expensiveandexertsupwardpressureoninterestrates.AndyettherearesubstantialsectorsofthevastU.S.

economy-fromgiantcompanieslikeCoca-Colatomom-and-poprestaurantoperatorsinMiami-for

whichtheweakdollarismostexcellentnews.ManyEuropeansmayviewtheU.S.asanarrogantsuperpowerthathasbecomehostiletoforeigners.But

nothingmakespeoplethinkmorewarmlyoftheU.S.thanaweakdollar.ThroughApril,thetotalnumber

ofvisitorsfromabroadwasup6.8percentfromlastyear.Shouldthetrendcontinue,thenumberoftourists

thisyearwillfinallytopthe2000peakManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheU.S.thewaymany

AmericansviewMexico-asacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty,allwhileignoringthefactthatthe

poorerlocalscan’taffordtojointhemerrymaking.Themoneytouristsspendhelpsdecreaseourchronictradedeficit.Sodoexports,whichthanksinparttothe

weakdollar,soared11percentbetweenMay2006andMay2007.Forfirstfivemonthsof2007,thetrade

deficitactuallyfell7percentfrom2006.IfyouownsharesinlargeAmericancorporations,you’reawinnerintheweak-dollargamble.Lastweek

Coca-Cola’sstickbubbledtoafive-yearhighafteritreportedafantasticquarter.Foreignsalesaccounted

for65percentofCoke’sbeveragebusiness.OtherAmericancompaniesprofitingfromthistrendinclude

McDonald’sandIBM.Americantourists,however,shouldn’texpectanyreliefsoon.Thedollarloststrengththewaymany

marriagesbreakup-slowly,andthenallatonce.Andcurrenciesdon’tturnonadime.Soifyouwantto

avoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlook

toNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.WhydoAmericansfeelhumiliatedA)TheireconomyisplungingB)Theycan’taffordtripstoEuropeC)TheircurrencyhasslumpedD)Theyhavelosthalfoftheirassets.53.HowdoesthecurrentdollaraffectthelifeofordinaryAmericansA)TheyhavetocanceltheirvacationsinNewEngland.B)Theyfinditunaffordabletodineinmom-and-poprestaurants.C)Theyhavetospendmoremoneywhenbuyingimportedgoods.D)Theymightlosetheirjobsduetopotentialeconomicproblems.54HowdomanyEuropeansfeelabouttheU.SwiththedevalueddollarA)TheyfeelcontemptuousofitB)Theyaresympatheticwithit.C)Theyregarditasasuperpoweronthedecline.D)Theythinkofitasagoodtouristdestination.55whatistheauthor’sadvicetoAmericansA.TheytreatthedollarwithalittlerespectB.Theytrytowinintheweak-dollargambleC.TheyvacationathomeratherthanabroadD.Theytreasuretheirmarriagesallthemore.56Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“currenciesdon’tturnonadime”(Line2,Para7)A.Thedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortterm.B.ThevalueofadollarwillnotbereducedtoadimeC.Thedollar’svaluewilldrop,butwithinasmallmargin.D.FewAmericanswillchangedollarsintoothercurrencies.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefights.Wearepushingourkidstogetgood

grades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I

’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeour

kids’collegebackgroundaseprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’t

acknowledgethatourobsession(痴迷)ismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvarious

justificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhether

AaronandNicolegotoStanford.Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.

Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteria(歇斯底里)is

thebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecause

theygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible——andmostlywrong.We

haven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’t

systematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanlessselectiveschools.Ontwomeasures——

professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams——selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat

2-4%forevery100-poinntincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobably

astatisticalfluke(偶然).Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsand

thenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.Gettingintoyalemaysignifyintellgence,talentandAmbition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereasonsomany

similarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisnotlifeonlycompetiton.Old-boynetworksarebreaking

down.princetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.Highscoresonthe

GREhelpdexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.So,parents,lightenup.thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeour

pushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.buttoomuchpushinesscanbe

destructive.theveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthem

upfordisappointment.onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschools

experiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtodeingontopthatanythingless

disappoints.注意此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.Whydosetheauthorsaythatparengsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswarsA.Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend.B.Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren.C.theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication.D.theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves.58.WhydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthaneverA.theywanttoincreasetheirchildrenchancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege.B.theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships.C.Theirchildreneillhavehaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto.D.Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewersyudentthantheyusedto.59.Whatdoestheauthormeanbykidscountmorethant