2023年中考英语语法基础之句子成分分析

语法基础之句子成分分析知识清单一、句子成分以及符号Membersofasentence名称：主语(subject)、谓语(verb)、宾语(object)、定语(attributive)、状语(adverb)、补语(plement)符号：主语=谓语宾语～～定语（）状语[]补语<>注：表语可理解为主语补足语。①句子的基本成分是：主语、谓语、宾语。补充成分是：定语、状语、补语。②主语部分和谓语部分之间可用‖划开。Helikes‖playingbasketball.【练一练】尝试用‖符号划分下列句子的主谓结构1.Thehospitalreceivespatientsfromallovertheworld.2.Sinceyouarefreetoday,youcanhelpmewithmyEnglish.二、句子划分方式1.单句的划分方法：用“‖”划分主语和谓语。用“～”标出宾语。用“（）”标出定语。用“[]”标出状语。用“<>”标出补语。eg.Iwillbe‖asblindasabat[withoutmyglasses].如果要求进一步分析用作一个句子成分的主谓短语时，可以在主语下面划“=”，谓语下面划“─”。：“‖”划在句前，表示非主谓句，其结构关系的名称，可以在‖上注明。三、英语五种基本句型ＳＶ（主＋谓）谓语动词能独立表达完整意思ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）四、句子成分主语:___________________________________1)[]The________(student)alllovetheirEnglishteacher.2)[]________(watch)TVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.3)[]Mostof________(他)efromthecountryside.4)[]___isveryhard______________(understand)theoldman.5)[]________thereislifeontheMarsisstillunknown. 谓语：可作此成分的词性只有_____________。1)[]Weshould_________(帮助)eachother.2)[]Hey！Wecan’t(live)_________thisbuildingand_________(stay)heretoolong.3)[]He_________(be)ateacher!It_________(听起来)likeajoke. 宾语：1)[]Ilike______________(中国菜)verymuch.2)[]Hecertainlydidnotwanttojoin_______(我们).3)[]Weexpected_______youwouldstayafewmoredays.4)[]Ienjoyed_______(talk)toyou.5)[]Theydecided_______(take)thesechairsoutoftheroom.6)[]Howmanydogsdoyouhave?Ihave_______(5).表语：（位置）______________________________1)[]Theyare_________(外国人).2)[]Thaticecreamtastes_________(good).3)[]Thatdesksare_________(they).4)[]Myluckynumberis_________(3).5)[]Ourplanis_________(plant)trees.6)[]Myfavoritesportis_________(swim).7)[]ThereasonwhyIamlateis_________mymotherisill.定语：1)[]Therearetwo________(老)menoverthere.(更老的)_______oneisTom.2)[]Theman________istalkingwithourteacherisheadmaster.3)[]Whatisthebox________(桌子上)？4)[]Couldyoubringmesomething________(drink)please？状语：1)[]______________(不幸的是)，Ilostallmyluggage.2)[]___________________________(如果我努力工作)，I willliveabetterlifeinthefuture.3)[]_________(hear)thenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.4)[]TheywenttoShanghai_________(have)ameeting.5)[]Pleaseparkthecar_________(前面)thebuilding.【练一练】画出以下句子中的状语1.Hedrivestoofast.2.Thedoctorhurriedoff,withamedicineboxunderhisarm.3.Ioftengetupat5:30inthemorning.4.PandasonlyliveinChina.5.Hetooksomechangefromhispockettobuyanewspaper.6.Thoughshehasalotofmoney,sheisunhappy.7.Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llfallbehindtheothers.8.Wedidn’tgototheparkbecauseofthebadweather.9.Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.宾语补足语：1)[]Hismotheralwaysaskshim_____________(help)herwithhousework.2)[]Isawhim___________(clean)thewindowyesterday.3)[]Iwillhavemycar__________(wash)tomorrow.4)[]Weshouldalwayskeepourrooms____________(干净的).5)[]Don’tleavethelights________(开着)whenyougoout.实操练习1指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1.Whetherwe’llgodependontheweather.2.People’sstandardsoflivingaregoingupsteadily.3.Thatwashowtheyweredefeated.4.Thenurserytakesgoodcareofourchildren.5.I’llreturnthebooktoyoutomorrow.6.Wearesurethatweshallsucceed.7.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishisother.8.TherearemanyfilmthatI’dliketosee.9.Haveyoumetthepersonaboutwhomhewasspeaking?10.Ihavealotofworktodo.实操练习2指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分以及标出对应的句型结构1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobeeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.实操练习3用符号划分下列句子的成分。1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.2.Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.3.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.4.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.5.Themanwholivesdownstairsistryingtosleep.6.Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschool.7.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.8.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower.9.HeboughtanewHuaWeiphonethatIalsowanttobuywithhisbestfriendthatIdidn’tmetbeforeinashoppingmallbuiltaweekago.10.Thesalesmannewlyrecruitedwouldgotothestreetsneartheirp