商务英语专业四级考试术语解释

商务英语专业四级考试术语解释1.globalcompany:跨国公司--acompanythatintegratesitsinternationalbizactivities--Amultinationalcorporationormultinationalenterpriseisanorganization,thatownedorcontrolsproductionsofgoodsorservicesinoneormorecountriesotherthanthehomecountry.（维基百科）2.jointventure:合资企业--apartnershipthatisformedbytwoormorepartiescooperatinginsomespecialbizactivities.--abusinessorprojectinwhichtwoormorecompaniesorindividualshaveinvested,withtheintentionofworkingtogether.（柯林斯词典）3.merger&acquisition:并购--combiningoftwoormoreentitiesthroughthedirectacquisitionbythenetassetsoftheother.--transactionsinwhichtheownershipof\o"Company"companies,other\o"Businessorganization"businessorganizationsortheiroperatingunitsaretransferredorcombined.4.distributionchannel:分销渠道；销售渠道--alltheorganizationsandpeopleinvolvedinthephysicalmovementofgoodsandservicesfromproducertoconsumer.5.listedcompany:上市公司--acompanywhoseshareshavebeenquotedbytheStockExchange.--Apubliccompany,publiclytradedcompany,publiclyheldcompany,publiclylistedcompany,orpubliccorporationisa\o"Corporation"corporationwhoseownershipisdispersedamongthegeneralpublicinmanysharesof\o"Stock"stockwhicharefreelytradedona\o"Stockexchange"stockexchangeorin\o"Over-the-counter(finance)"overthecountermarkets场外交易市场.（维基百科）6.Industrialcomplex:工业生产基地--amanufacturingareathatconsistsofmanydifferentfactoriesturningoutdifferentproducts.7.brandrecognition:品牌认知（度）；品牌识别--aproductorproductsthathasorhavebeenrecognizedandappreciatedbylocalconsumers.8.specialtyshop:专卖店--anoutletthatdealsinorsellsaparticularlineofproducts.9.householdname家喻户晓的名字--abrand,person,company,etc.thatisknowntoallorverypopularinaplace.10.loss-maker:亏损企业--abizthatcontinuallymakesnoprofit.11.homecountry:祖国，母国--thecountryonwhichamultinationalcorporation’sHQsisbased.12.quota:配额，定额，限额--arestrictiononthequantityofimportsofaparticularproductthatacountryimpose.13.marketeconomy:市场经济--aneconomyinwhichthemarketisusedtodetermineresourceallocation,prices,andinvestments.14.neweconomy:新经济--adifferentformofeconomythatismainlysupportedbyITsectorandcharacterizedbyknowledge-basedeconomyinsteadofmanufacturing.--aneconomicsystemthatisbasedoncomputersandmoderntechnology,andisthereforedependentoneducatedworkers.（朗文词典）15.laborforce:劳动力--allofthepeopleinacountryorinaregionthatareemployedorarelikelytobeemployedinthefuture.16.bubbleeconomy:--aneconomythatprimarilydependsonbanking,financialmarketandothertransient短暂的operation.17.venturecapital:风险资本--fundsthatareinvestedinnewplantsorhi-techstartupsopentolargeriskofloss.--Venturecapitaliscapitalthatisinvestedinprojectsthathaveahighriskoffailure,butthatwillbringlargeprofitsiftheyaresuccessful.（柯林斯词典）18.bizcycle:商业周期--Aperiodoftimethatabizgoesthroughconsistsoffourstages---boom繁荣,recession衰退,depression萧条,recovery复苏.19.stockmarket:股票交易；证券市场，股票市场--astockexchangethatdealsinstocksandshares.--thebusinessofbuyingandsellingstocksandshares.--aplacewherestocksandsharesareboughtandsold.（朗文词典）20.productlifecycle:产品生命周期--atheorystatingthatcertainkindsofproductsgothroughacycleconsistingoffourcorporateworth.现金流出量：在特定的一段时间内来自一项或数项财产，扣除税收和其它支付金额外所得的现金收入或净收入，常用来衡量公司的价值51.labor-intensive劳动密集型--requiringorhavingalargeexpenditureoflaborincomparisontocapital52.netearnings净收益，净盈利--thenetprofitafterallcostsandexpenseshavebeendeducted.53.productivity生产力--therateatwhichgoodsorservicesareproduced,especiallyoutputperunitoflabor.54.marketshare市场份额--theproportionoftotalsalesvolumesofacertainmarketthatacompanycaptures.55.workforce劳动力,工人总数:thegroupofpeoplewhoworkinanindustry,company,country.56.incomedisparity:inequalityinincomedistribution.57.equity资产，股本:commonstock普通股andpreferredstock优先股whichrepresentownershiptoabizorganization58.outsource外协生产:tofarmout包出(work,forexample)toanoutsideproviderormanufacturerinordertocutcost.外界供应：为缩减开支而把（如工作）包给外界的供应者或生产者59.leadtime订货至交货的时间--theperiodoftimebetweentheactualorderingofpartsorequipmentandthedeliveryofthem.60.acquisition收购--whenacompanytakesoveranotheroneandclearlybecomesthenewowner,thepurchaseiscalledanacquisition,alsocalledtakeoverorbuyout.61.initialpublicoffering(IPO)首次公开发行--privatecompany’sfirstofferofitsstocktothepublic62.merger合并--theunionorcombinationoftwoormorecommercialinterestsorcorporations.63.liquiditysqueeze流动性短缺，头寸紧张--financialpressurecausedbyshortagesofnarrowingeconomicmargins.--areductioninthegeneralavailabilityofloans(orcredit)orasuddentighteningoftheconditionsrequiredtoobtainaloanfromthebanks.（维基百科）64.reversemerger(借壳上市)--itisaspecialkindofacquisitionthatenablesaprivatecompanytogetpublicly-listedinarelativelyshorttimeperiod.Areversemergeroccurswhenaprivatecompanythathasstrongprospectsandiseagertoraisefinancingbuysapublicly-listedshellcompany(空壳公司)。65.horizontalmerger横向合并--twocompaniesthatareindirectcompetitioninthesameproductslineandmarketsmerger.verticalmerger纵向合并--mergingwithacompanywithdifferentstageofproductionprocess,forinstance,acarmakermergingwithapartssupplier.66.realestate不动产，房地产--Land,i