英语四选一阅读之细节理解题导学案高考英语二轮复习

突破高考英语四选一阅读之细节理解题细节理解题有的比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有的则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题和综合信息题。分析近三年的高考题可知，直接信息题和间接信息题为高频考点。一、直接信息题和间接信息题【热点考向一】直接信息题——搜索定位巧比对【典例1】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读A)PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellowst－one’sparkphotographerforahands－onprogramtoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19—Waterfalls&WideAngles：meetatArtistPoint.7/10—Wildflowers&WhiteBalance：meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.23.WherewilltheparticipantsmeetfortheJuly10photographyworkshop?A.ArtistPoint.B.WashburnTrailhead.C.CanyonVillageStore.D.VisitorEducationCenter.自主解答：________【图解技巧】【实战应用】一定题干关键词——确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)二找文中信息句——根据关键词定位信息句(画波浪线句)三比选项定答案——比对选项和信息句可知，7月10日参加者要在WashburnTrailhead碰面。【关键点拨】直接信息题的特点是正确选项和原文在表述上没有太大的变化。考生在解题时，一定要仔细比对，避免主观臆断，更不能因为题目简单而掉以轻心，确保此类题目一分不丢。【热点考向二】间接信息题——语义转换善概括)【典例2】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy：thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtytheendofthethirtydays，youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone，I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldoingso，I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1，600peopleagreedtoperformadigital’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem，andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.30.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.自主解答：________【图解技巧】【实战应用】一读题干——确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)二扫原文——根据关键词定位信息句(画波浪线句)三定答案——由信息句可知，第一部分的最后一章提供了真实的例子。examples与文中的stories为同义转述。【关键点拨】间接信息题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行同义转述。做间接信息题时，要做到“两关注”和“一防范”。两关注关注原文与选项的同义转述关注原文信息的归纳概括一防范防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱【随堂演练】(2023·广州普通高中毕业班综合测试)Summerisyoulookingforapart－timejob?Herearesomepossibleoptions.LifeguardAreyouastrongswimmerandagoodmunicator?Wouldyoulikeachallenge?Wearelookingforlifeguardsforourbusysummerexperienceisnecessaryasyouwillgettwoweeksoftrainingbeforeyoustartthewellasbeingphysicallyfit,youneedtobeavailableforworkMon－Fri,7am－11amStoreassistantWearelookingforstoreassistantsforourbusygiftneedtobereliable,friendly,andenjoyspeakingtosecondlanguageispreferredasmanyofourcustomersaretouristsfromotherpositionsarepart－timeandyouneedtoworkfromThursdaytoSunday,10am－4pm.FashiondesignerAreyouinterestedinthelateststyles?Areyoucreativeandgoodatart?Ifso,Dresswiseislookingforayoungpersontocreatenewlooksforourteenisagreatopportunitytogainexperienceintheclothingwillneedtoworkfourdaysaweekandwe’llpayyouforeachdesignweuse.We’llalsogiveyousamplesofyourdesignstowear.GametesterAreyouintotechnologyandcreative?Wouldyouliketoplayandtesteducationalgamesandgetpaidforit?Thisisanexcitingpart－timejobforsomebodywholovesplayingofferflexiblethisisforyou,writeadescriptionofyourfavoritegameandwhyyoulikeitinnomorethan150words.Ifyouareinterestedinanyoftheabovejobs,pleasecontactusatstudentunion@campus.1.Whatisasharedrequirementforlifeguardandstoreassistant?Amunicativeability. B.Asecondlanguage.C.Professionalexperience. D.Astrongbody.2.Whichjobcanyouapplyforifyoucanonlyworkonweekends?A.Lifeguard. B.Storeassistant.C.Fashiondesigner. D.Gametester.3.Whatcanyougetfromthejobasafashiondesigner?A.Samplesofthelateststyles.B.Paymentforeachofyourdesigns.C.Experienceinthefashionindustry.D.Chancestodesignclothesforadults.(2023·广东高三3月大联考)ChildrenarenaturallycuriousabouttheworldaroundChaseHansenwasonly4yearsold,heencounteredhomelesspeopleforthefirsttimewhileshoppingwithhisdadatanoutdoormallinSaltLakeCity,Nevada.It’snowonderthathehadalotofquestions.“Chaselookedatmeandsaid,‘Dad,whoarethesepeople?Whydon’ttheyhaveaplacetostay？’”JohnHansenrecalled.“AfterIexplainedthattheyhadrunintohardtimesandwerehomeless,Iknewthatwewerelookingataneducationalsonwantedtohelpthem.”ThefatherandsonconvincedalocalJambaJuicestoretodonatemorethan100smoothies(果汁)andthepairgavethemouttohomelesspeopleinapark.Afterthat,theycameupwithanevenbetteridea.“Iwantedawaytogettoknowpeoplebetter，”Chasesaid.“So,mydadandIdecidedtostarttakingsomeofthehomelesspeoplewe’dmetouttolunch.”“Alotofpeoplewalkrightpasthomelesspeopleanddon’tseetheperson，”hesaid.“Iknownowthatthey’repeoplejustlikewanttomakeaconnectionandnotfeelsoaloneintheworld.”Hundredsofluncheslater,theyrunaself－fundedcharitycalledProjectEmpathy(同情)tohelpinspireotherstomeetandtocreaterelationshipswiththehomelesspeopleintheirorganizationprovidesalistofresourcesthatcanhelphomelesspeoplewithfood,housingandemployment.Johnsaidthatwhatstartedasawaytospendqualitytimewithhissonhasturnedintoapassionforbothofthem.“ChaseandIrealizedthatthecountryneededanarmyofpeopletopracticeempathy,andthatbydoingsomethingassimpleastakingahomelesspersontolunch,wecouldmaybeinspireotherstodothesame，”hesaid.“Anytimeyoucanhelptogivesomeoneavoice,it’sempowering.”4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeChaseHansen?A.Curiousandcaring.B.Knowledgeableandkind.C.Successfulandtalented.D.Generousandambitious.5.WhydidJohnandhissontakesomehomelesspeopleouttolunchinitially?A.Tohelpthemtofindthesuitableshelter.B.Tomakefriendswiththehomelesspeople.C.Todosomeresearchandprepareforaproject.D.Tohaveabetterunderstandingofthehomelesspeople.6.What’sthefatherandsonsuperteam’sgoal?A.Toofferjobstothehomeless.B.Tochangethesocial－economicconditions.C.Todonatemoresmoothiestothehomeless.D.Toinspiremorepeopletohelpthehomeless.7.What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.TheTerribleSituationofHomelessPeopleB.TheRelationshipBetweenFatherandSonC.FatherandSonHelpHomelessPeopleOneMealataTimeD.ProjectEmpathyEncouragesPeopletoPracticeEmpathyA篇：municatorn.交流者availableadj.可用的，可获得的：applicantn.申请人reliableadj.可信赖的；可靠的：gainexperiencein获得……的经验：flexiblehours弹性工时T1题干：asharedrequirement共同的要求B篇：encounterv.遭遇；偶遇becuriousabout对……好奇It’snowonderthat...难怪……：eupwith想出：runaself－fundedcharity经营一个自筹资金的慈善机构：passionn.热情；热恋二、数字计算题和综合信息题【热点考向一】数字计算题——加减乘除巧破解【典例1】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A)WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalpanyinover2，500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations，wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety，includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车)，bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡)，bikeswithchildseats，andchildren’sbikes.PricesHandBrake，ThreeGearsFootBrake，NoGears1hour3hours1day(24hours)Eachadditionalday22.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A.15.75. B.19.50.C.22.75. D.29.50.自主解答：________【图解技巧】【实战应用】一找词——确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)二定位——根据关键词定位信息句(画波浪线句)三定答案——根据Prices部分所列表格的内容可知，带手刹的三挡自行车的日租金为欧元，每多一天收8欧元，故租两天为欧元。【关键点拨】数字计算题常涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等数字信息的简单加工。计算量较小，比较容易。找出计算背后所隐含的信息并理解文章相应的信息是准确解题的关键。【热点考向二】综合信息题——归纳概括定答案【典例2】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读A)ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)Whetheryou’rehikingabackcountrytrail(小径)，camping，orjustenjoying...JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)Kidscantesttheirskillsandparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofforaslittleor...CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassicviewpoint，enjoyLowerFalls，theYellowstoneRiver...PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellow－stone...21.Whichofthefourprogramsbeginstheearliest?A.PhotographyWorkshops.B.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics.C.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint.D.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone.自主解答：________【图解技巧】【实战应用】一看题干——确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)二读原文——根据关键词定位信息句(画波浪线句)三定答案——一一比对信息源：对比四个项目的时间信息可知，ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone是最早开始的(May26)。【关键点拨】综合信息题涉及一段内的多个信息或多段内容，且各个细节信息在文章中都能找到。因此，考生要不厌其烦地认真分析、概括和归纳，才能得出正确答案。【随堂演练】(2023·江苏统考一模)FourofthebestBritishfoodiegatheringsScottishWildFoodFestivalIfyou’vewonderedifanythingintherewouldmakeatastysoup,thentheScottishWildFoodFestival(adult￡16,child5－13￡2,family￡30)shouldbeinyourfestivalfocusesonthelocal,in－seasonandkindtotheatTirNaNóg,sixmileseastoftheWestHighlandWay,theweekendmakesagreatstart(orend)toahike.LudlowCastleFoodFestivalThelovelysettingofLudlowCastleisagreatplaceforafoodfestival(adult￡10,child5－13￡4,family￡26).Itisarealtreatinmanyareover100stalls(摊位)sellingsamplesofcountryfaresuchasHerefordbeefpietoallcheese－rollinggamedownthecastlemound(堤)wasgreattherearebandsandpoetryreadingswithfoodthemes,too.SheffieldFoodFestivalSheffieldFoodFestival(free)isheldeachJuneinthecityvendors(摊主)haveeverythingonofferfromCaribbeanfusiondishestospecialtyCityFarm,acharitablecitycentrefarm,ismyfavouriteproducerwithitsorganicproduceandfocusonis,ofcourse,plentyofcraftbeer,too.BoltonFood&DrinkFestivalLovefood?Enjoycuisinesfromeverycorneroftheworld?Well,BoltonFood&DrinkFestival(free)isafoodlover’stakesplaceinsoonasyouentertheMarketSquareyoursenseofsmellandtastewillbeinoverdrivewithGreek,ChineseandIndiancuisines,couldlearnafewcookingskillsfromcelebritychefs(名厨)aswell.1.What’sthelowestcostforacouplewithafour－year－oldsontovisitScottishWildFoodFestival?A.￡30. B.￡34.C.￡32. D.￡18.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoatLudlowCastleFoodFestival?A.Eatfoodforfree. B.Enjoyfoodculture.C.Defendthecastle. D.Joinmusicbands.3.WhatdoSheffieldFoodFestivalandBoltonFood&DrinkFestivalhaveinmon?A.Theyserveorganicfood.B.Theyteachvisitorscookingskills.C.Theydon’tchargeadmissionfees.D.Theyareheldatthesametimeannually.(2023·茂名一模)Scientistsbelievenatureisgoodforourwell－what’sthesecretthatbringsaboutthebenefit?ArecentstudybyresearcherCraigAndersonandhisworkmatessuggestsitcouldbeawe(敬畏)—thatsenseofbeinginthepresenceofsomethinggreaterthanourselvesthatfillsuswithwonder.Thefirstpartofthestudyhadsomepeoplegoonafour－dayriverrafting(漂流)rowedthroughdangerousrapidsintheforestedareasinalsocampedoutintheandafterthetrip,theyreportedontheirwell－being,includingtheirstresslevelsandsatisfactionwiththetrip,theykeptdiariesabouttheirsentiments,__includingwhetherthey’dfeltawe,peace,gratitude,joy,orpridethattheendofthetrip,theirwell－beinghadincreasedthetrip,theresearchersdiscoveredawe—aboveotherpositiveemotions—seemedtoexplaintheimprovement.Inthesecondpart，Andersonstudiedwhetheraweplayedaroleinmoreordinary,everydaynatureanswerisalsoisgoodnews,saysAnderson,becausesometimesit’snotthateasyforpeopletohavelongwildernesstrips.“Youdon’thavetodoamazingexperiencesinnaturetofeelawe，”saysAnderson.“Bytakingafewminutestoenjoyflowersorasunset，youalsoimproveyourwell－being.”Andersonsaysthatawemaybenefitwell－beingbycausinga“smallself”—asensethatyouwillhavewhenyou’reinthepresenceofsomethingbiggerthanyourself，whichmaymakeworriesandstresseslesssignificantbyparison.Buthealsosaysthattherecouldbeotherwaysthatnatureexperiencesimproveourwell－being，besidescausingexample,therelatedphysicalexerciseinnaturecouldhavemadeadifference,,Andersonbelievesthere’senoughevidencetoencourageustoaddmorenaturetoourdailylife.“Peopleneedtoslowdownandmakespaceforthatintheirlives，”Andersonsays.4.WhatdidthestudybyAndersonandhisworkmatesmainlyfind?A.Thebenefitsatriphasonpeople.B.Whatintereststravelersinnature.C.Theviewspeoplehaveaboutnature.D.Whatmakesbeinginnaturebeneficial.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sentiments”inparagraph2mean?A.Feelings. B.Desires.C.Discoveries. D.Experiences.6.Howdoesawetakeeffectaccordingtothetext?A.Bystressingthegreatnessofnature.B.Byhelpingpeopleforgettheirworries.C.Byencouragingpeopletobelostinnature.D.Bymakingpeople’sproblemsseemlessserious.7.WhatdoesAndersonsuggestpeopledo?A.Maketimetodoexercise.B.Showrespecttonature.C.Getintouchwithnature.D.Makeaparisonwithothers.A篇：calendarn.日历；历法；日程表in－seasonadj.时令的：samplen.样品；样本：charitableadj.慈善的；宽容的sustainabilityn.可持续性：cuisinen.烹饪；菜肴T3选项A：organicfood有机食品T3选项C：chargeadmissionfees收入场费B篇：well－beingn.健康；安乐inthepresenceof在……面前：wildernessn.荒野；杂草丛生处：byparison相比较B篇译文：安德森说，敬畏可能通过产生“小我”而有益于健康——当你面对比自己更大的事物时，你会有这样的感觉，相比之下，这可能会让担忧和压力变得不那么重要。参考答案一、直接信息题和间接信息题【典例1】B【典例2】C随堂演练eq\x(A)【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个可以兼职的选择。[间接信息题。通过Lifeguard小标题里的“Areyouastrongswimmerandagoodmunicator？”以及Storeassistant小标题里的“andenjoyspeakingtocustomers.”可知，lifeguard和storeassistant两个岗位都需要有很好的沟通能力。][间接信息题。根据题目可以定位每个岗位的工作时间，从Gametester部分中“Weofferflexiblehours.”得知，工作时间是灵活的，也就是可以选择周末工作。][直接信息题。根据Fashiondesigner部分中“Thisisagreatopportunitytogainexperienceintheclothingindustry.”可知，做时尚设计师的兼职工作可以获得时尚业的工作经验。]eq\x(B)【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了父亲和儿子通过请无家可归的人吃一顿饭的方式来帮助他们。[推理判断题。根据第一段中“It’snowonderthathehadalotofquestions.”以及第二段中“Mysonwantedtohelpthem.”可推知，蔡斯·汉森是