解剖学双语课件

解剖学双语

Myology肌学MorphologyofskeletalmuscleMusclebelly肌腹Tendon肌腱

aponeurosis腱膜ClassificationLongmuscle长肌Shortmuscle短肌Broadmuscle阔肌Orbicularmuscle轮匝肌Myology肌学Origin起点－thefixedattachmentInsertion止点－

themovableattachment

Action作用Agonist原动肌Antagonist拮抗肌Synergist协同肌Fixators固定肌Nomenclatureofmucles肌的命名:shapesizeLocationtheirpointsofattachmentMyology肌学AccessorystructuresFascia筋膜SuperficialfasciaDeepfasciaSynovialbursa滑膜囊Myology肌学Tendinoussheath腱鞘

FibrouslayerSynoviallayer:Mesotendon腱系膜vinculatendinum腱纽Synovialcystofwrist腕部腱鞘囊肿Musclesofhead头肌Facialmuscles面肌Epicranius

颅顶肌

Frontalbelly额腹Occipitalbelly枕腹Galeaaponeurotica帽状腱膜Orbicularisoculi

眼轮匝肌Buccinator

颊肌Orbicularisoris

口轮匝肌Nasalis

鼻肌Facialmuscles面肌★Masticatorymuscles咀嚼肌

Temporalis颞肌Masseter咬肌lateralpterygoid翼外肌Medialpterygoid翼内肌★Masticatorymuscles咀嚼肌

Temporalis

颞肌Origin－temporalfossaInsertion－coronoidprocessofmandibleAction－elevatesandretractsmandibleMasseter

咬肌Origin－inferiorborderandmedialsurfaceofzygomaticarchInsertion－lateralsurfaceoframusofmandibleandangleofmandibleAction－elevatesmandible★Masticatorymuscles咀嚼肌

Lateralpterygoid

翼外肌Medialpterygoid

翼内肌Musclesoftheneck颈肌MusclesoftheneckSuperficialgroupPlatysma颈阔肌Sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌MusclesoftheneckSuprahyoidmusclesDigastric二腹肌Mylohyoid下颌舌骨肌Stylohyoid茎突舌骨肌Geniohyoid颏舌骨肌

Elevate(raise)hyoidboneanddepressmandible.MusclesoftheneckInfrahyoidmuscleSternohyoid胸骨舌骨肌Sternothyroid胸骨甲状肌Thyrohyoid甲状舌骨肌Omohyoid肩胛舌骨肌DepresshyoidorlarynxafterelevationMusclesoftheneckDeepgroupLateralScalenusanterior前斜角肌Scalenusmedius中斜角肌Scalenusposterior后斜角肌Mediallonguscapitis头长肌

longuscolli颈长肌Flexthehead,bendstheneckforwardMajormusclesoftheneck

★

Sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌Origin:manubriumandsternalendofclavicleInsertion:mastoidprocessoftemporalboneAction:contractionofonemuscledrawsheadtowardthesameside,andturnfacetooppositeside;bothmusclesacttogethertodrawheadbackwardMajormusclesoftheneckScalenusanterior

前斜角肌Origin:transverseprocessesofC3-C6.Insertion:tubercleforscalenusanteriorAction:unilateral,bendsnecklaterally;bilateral,elevatefirstrib,anaccessorymuscleofinspiration;ifribisfixed,flexneckanteriorlyMajormusclesoftheneck★Scalenefissure

斜角肌间隙

Abovethefirstrib,thereisatriangularspacebetweenscalenusanteriorandmedius.Thebrachialplexusandthesubclavinea.emergefromthisspace.Musclesoftrunk躯干肌TheMusclesofBackSuperficialgroupTrapezius斜方肌Levatorscapulae肩胛提肌Rhomboideus菱形肌Latissimusdorsi背阔肌Thoracolumbarfascia胸腰筋膜TheMusclesofBackDeepgroup

Splenius夹肌Erectorspinae竖脊肌MajorMusclesofBackTrapezius

斜方肌

Origin:superiornuchalline,externaloccipitalprotuberance,ligamentumnuchaeandspinousprocessesofseventhcervicalandallthoracicvertebraeInsertion:lateralthirdofclavicle,acromion,andspineofscapularActon:upperfiberselevatescapula,lowerfibersdepressscapula;ifscapulaisfixed,onesideactingalong,drawsheadtowardthesameside,andturnfacetooppositeside;bothsidestogether,drawheaddirectlybackwardNervesupply:accessorynerve(Ⅺcranialnerve)MajorMusclesofBackLatissimusdorsi

背阔肌Origin:SpinousprocessesoflowersixthoracicandalllumbarvertebraeMediansacralcrestPosteriorpartofiliaccrestInsertion:floorofintertuberculargrooveofhumerus.Action:trunkfixed,extends,adductsandmediallyrotatesarm;armfixed,elevatestrunk.Nervesupply:thoracodorsalnerveThoracolumbarFascia胸腰筋膜

PosteriorlayerMiddlelayerAnteriorlayerTrapeziusDeltoidAusculatorytriangleLatissimusdorsiThoracolumbarfasciaLevatorscapularRhomboideusInferiorlumbartriangleMusclesofthoraxMusclesconnectingtheupperlimbtothethoracicwallPectoralismajor胸大肌

Pectoralisminor胸小肌

Serratusanterior

前锯肌Musclesofthorax

IntrinsicmusclesIntercostalesexterni肋间外肌Intercostalesinterni肋间内肌Intercostalesintimi肋间最内肌Transversesthoracis胸横肌Major

musclesofthorax

PectoralisMajorOrigin:medialhalfofclavicle,sternum,uppersixcostalcartilages.Insertion:laterallipofthebicipitalgrooveofhumerusAction:adductsthearmandrotatesitmedially;theclavicularfibersalsoflexthearm;withthearmabovethehead,raisethebodyasinclimbingNervesupply:lateralpectoraln.Major

musclesofthorax

Intercostalesexterni

肋间外肌Origin:inferiorborderofribaboveInsertion:superiorborderofribbelowReplacedanteriorlybyexternalintercostalsmembrane

Action:raiseribsaddinginforcedinspirationMajormusclesofthorax

Intercostalesinterni

肋间内肌Origin:superiorborderofribbelowInsertion:inferiorborderofribaboveReplacedposteriorlybyinternalintercostalsmembrane.Action:depressribsforforcedexpirationDiaphragm膈Shapeandposition:dome-shapedbetweenthoraxandabdomen,consistsofaperipheralmuscularpartandacentraltendonOriginSternalpart:arisingfromxiphoidprocessCostalpart:arisingfromlowersixandcostalcartilagesLumbarpart:arisingbytwocrurafromupper2-3lumbarvertebraeInsertion:centraltendonWeakareas:LumbocostaltriangleSternocostaltriangleT12Diaphragm膈OpeningsinthediaphragmAortichiatus主动脉裂孔

liesanteriortothebodyofthe12ththoracicvertebrabetweenthecruraandtransmitstheaorta,thoracicductEsophagealhiatus

食管裂孔

liesatlevelofT10.IttransmitsesophagusandvagusnervesVenacavaforamen

腔静脉孔

liesatT8levelinthecentraltendon.Ittransmitstheinferiorvenacava.T8T10Diaphragm膈Action:Contraction:thedomemovingdownward,increasesthevolumeofthoraciccavitywhichresultsininspiration,atthesametimetheintra-abdominalpressureisincreasedassistsindefecation,vomitingorchildbirth.Relaxation:thedomereturnstotheformerposition,reducesthevolumetothethoraciccavity,resultinginexpiration.

MusclesofabdomenAnterolateralgroupObliquusexternusabdominis腹外斜肌Obliquusinternusabdominis腹内斜肌Transversusabdominis腹横肌Rectusabdominis腹直肌Obliquusexternusabsominis腹外斜肌Generaldirectionoffibers:downward,forwardandmedially(rundownandinward)Obliquusexternusabsominis腹外斜肌StructuresInguinalligament

腹股沟韧带Lacunarligament

腔隙韧带Superficialinguinalring

腹股沟管浅环

－triangular-shapeddefectinaponeurosisofobliquusexternusabdominisabovepubictubercleSuperficialinguinalringObliquusinternusabdominis腹内斜肌DeeptoobliquusexternusabdominisGeneraldirectionoffibres:upwards,forwardsandmediallyTransversusabdominis腹横肌DeeptoobliquusinternusGeneraldirectionoffibers:runhorizontallyforward.Transversusabdominis

腹横肌Inguinalfalx

腹股沟镰

Obliquusinternusabdominishasalower,freeborderthatarchesoverspermaticcordInsertedwithtransversusabdominisfiberintomedialpartofpectenofpubisCremaster

提睾肌

DirivedfromthelowerfibersoftheobliquusinternusabdominisandtransversusabdominisAroundthespermaticcordandtestisRectusabdominis腹直肌

Position:lieontoeitherofmidlineOrigin:pubiccrestandsymphysisInsertion:xiphoidand5th-7thcostalcartilagesTendinousintersections

腱划

3-4lineasemiluaris

半月线

SimilarfunctionsforabovefourpairsofmusclesSupportandcompresstheabdominalvisceraIncreaseintra-abdominalpressure,aidinexpulsiveefforts-vomiting,coughing,sneezing,defecation,urinationandchildbirth.Depressribs,assistin(theactofforce(4)expiration.Flex,lateralflex,androtatevertebralcolumnSheathofrectusabdominis腹直肌鞘AnteriorlayerFormedbyfusionofaponeurosisofobliquusexternusabdominisandanteriorleafofaponeurosisofobliquusinternusabdominisSheathofrectusabdominis腹直肌鞘Posteriorlayer

FormedbyfusionofposterionleafofaponeurosisofobliquusinternusabdominisandaponeurosisoftransversusabdominisAbsentinabout4-5cmbelowtheumbilicus,whereaponeurosesofallthreemusclesformanteriorlayerthelowerfreebordernamedarcuateline弓状线BelowthislinerectusabdominisincontactwithtransversefasciaMusclesofabdomenLineaalba白线

－tendinousraphebetweenrightandleftrectifromxiphoidtopubicsymphysisLandmarksandsurfaceanatomyLineaalbaRectusabdominisTendinousintersectionsLineasemilunarisUmbilicus:atthelevelofL3~L4InguinalligamentMusclesofabdomenPosteriorgroup

Quadratuslumborum腰方肌Psoasmajor腰大肌Musclesofupperlimb上肢肌MusclesofshoulderDeltoid三角肌Supraspinatus冈上肌Infraspinatus冈下肌Teresminor小圆肌Teresmajor大圆肌Subscapularis肩胛下肌MusclesofarmAntereriorgroupBicepsbrachii肱二头肌Coracobrachialis喙肱肌Brachialis肱肌Posteriorgroup

Tricepsbrachii肱三头肌Musclesofforearm

Antereriorgroup(9)Superficiallayer(5)Brachioradialis肱桡肌Pronatorteres旋前圆肌Flexorcarpiradialis桡侧腕屈肌Palmarislongus掌长肌Flexorcarpiulnaris尺侧腕屈肌Musclesofforearm

Antereriorgroup(9)Secondlayer(1)

Flexordigitorumsuperficialis

指浅屈肌Thirdlayer(2)Flexordigitorumprofundus

指深屈肌Flexorpollicislongus

拇长屈肌Fourthlayer(1)Pronatorquadratus

旋前方肌Action:flexradiocarpaljointandfingers,pronateforearmMusclesofforearmPosteriorgroup(10)Superficiallayer(5)Extensorcarpiradialislongus桡侧腕长伸肌Extensorcarpiradialisbrevis桡侧腕短伸肌Extensordigitorum指伸肌Extensordigitiminimi小指伸肌Extensorcarpiulnaris尺侧腕伸肌MusclesofforearmPosteriorgroup(10)Deeplayer(5)Supinator旋后肌Abductorpollicislongus拇长展肌Extensorpollicisbrevis拇短伸肌Extensorpollicislongus拇长伸肌Extensorindicis示指伸肌Action:extendradiocapraljointandfingers,andsupinateforearmMusclesofhand

Lateralgroup－thenar

鱼际

(4)Abductorpollicisbrevis拇短展肌Flexorpollicisbrevis拇短屈肌Opponenspollicis拇对掌肌Adductorpollicis拇收肌Action:flex,abduct,adductandopposethumbMedialgroup－hypothenar

小鱼际（3）Abductordigitiminimi小指展肌Flexordigitiminimibrevis小指短屈肌Opponensdigitiminimi小指对掌肌Action:flex,abduct,andopposelittlefingerMusclesofhand

IntermedialgroupLumbricales(4)蚓状肌

flexfingersatMPjoints;extendfingersatIPjointsPalmarinterossei(3)骨间掌侧肌

adductfingerstowardsmiddlefingeratMPjointsDorsalinterossei(4)骨间背侧肌

abductfingersawayfrommiddlefingeratMPjointsMajormusclesofupperlimbDeltoid

三角肌Origin:lateralthirdofclavicle,acromion,andspineofscapulaInsertion:deltoidtuberosityofhumerusAction:abductsthearm，anteriorfibersflexandmediallyrotatearm;posteriorfibersextendandlaterallyrotatearmMajormusclesofupperlimbTeresmajor

大圆肌Origin:

dorsalsurfaceofinferiorangleofscapulaInsertion:

crestoflessertubercleofhumerusAction:

mediallyrotatesandadductsarmMajormusclesofupperlimbTrilateralandquadrilateralforamina

三边孔和四边孔Betweenthesubscapularisandteresmajor,thereisalongtriangularspacewhoselateralsideissurgicalneckofhumerus.Thelongheadoftricepsbrachiisubdividesthisspaceintoamedialtrilateralforamenandalateralquadrilateralforamen.MajormusclesofupperlimbBicepsbrachii

肱二头肌Origin:longhead,supraglenoidtubercle;shorthead,coracoidprocessInsertion:radicaltuberosityAction:supinatorofforearm,flexorofelbowjoint,weakflexorofshouldjointNervesupply:Musculocutaneousn.MajormusclesofupperlimbTricepsbrachii

肱三头肌Origin:longhead,infraglenoidtubercle;lateralhead,abovegrooveforradicaln.,medicalhead,belowgrooveforradicaln.Insertion:olecranonofulnaAction:extendselbowjoint,longheadcanextendandadductshoulderjointMajormusclesofupperlimbPronatorteres

旋前圆肌Origin:medicalepicondyleofhumerusanddeepfasciaofforearmInsertion:middleoflateralsurfaceofradiusAction:pronationofforearmandflexionofelbowNervesupply:mediann.MajormusclesofupperlimbSupinator

旋后肌Origin:lateralepicondyleofhumerusandupperpartoflateralborderofulnaInsertion:upperthirdofanteriorsurfaceofradiusAction:supinationofforearmMusclesoflowerlimb下肢肌MusclesoflowerlimbThemusclesoflowerlimbaredividedinto:

MusclesofhipMusclesofthighMusclesoflegMusclesoffoot

Musclesofhip

AnteriorgroupIliopsoas髂腰肌Iliacus髂肌Psoasmajor腰大肌Psoasminor腰小肌Tensorfasciaelatae

阔筋膜张肌MusclesofhipPosteriorgroupGluteusmaximus臀大肌Gluteusmedius臀中肌Gluteusminimus臀小肌Piriformis梨状肌Obturatorinternus闭孔内肌Obturatorexternus闭孔外肌Quadratusfemoris股方肌Musclesofthigh

AnteriorgroupSartorius缝匠肌Quadricep股四头肌Rectusfemoris股直肌Vastuslateralis股外侧肌Vastusintermedius股中间肌Vastusmedialis股内侧肌Bloodsupply:femoralarteryNervesupply:femoralnerveMusclesofthighMedialgroupPectineus耻骨肌Adductorlongus长收肌Adductorbrevis短收肌Adductormagnus大收肌Gracilis股薄肌Action:adductthighathipjointBloodsupply:Deepfemorala.Obturatora.Nervessupply:obturatorn.MusclesofthighPosteriorgroupBicepsfemoris股二头肌Semitendinosus半腱肌Semimembranosus半膜肌ActionFlexthelegatkneejointExtendthethighathipjoint

MusclesoflegAnteriorgroupTibialisanterior胫骨前肌Extensorhallucislongus拇长伸肌Extensordigitorumlongus趾长伸肌Peroneustertius第三腓骨肌Bloodsupply:Anteriortibiala.Nervesupply:Deepperonealn.MusclesoflegLateralgroupPeroneuslongus腓骨长肌

Peroneusbrevis腓骨短肌

Action:plantarflexandevertthefootBloodsupply:branchesfromtheperonealarteyNervesupply:superficialperonealn.MusclesoflegPosteriorgroup

Superficiallagertricepssurae小腿三头肌

Gastrocnemius腓肠肌Soleus比目鱼肌MusclesoflegPosteriorgroup

DeeplayerPopliteus腘肌Flexordigitorumlongus趾长屈肌Tibialisposterior胫骨后肌Flexorhallucislongus拇长屈肌Nervesupply:tibialn.MusclesoffootMusclesondorsum:extensordigitorumbrevisMusclesinsole:medial,lateralandintermediategroupsMusclesofhipIliopsoas

髂腰肌Origin:Psoasmajor:transverseprocessesandlateralsurfaceofbodiesoflumbarvertebraeIliacus:iliacfossaInsertion:lessertrochanteroffemurAction:flexesthighontrunkNervesupply:lum