河南省安阳市滑县2023-2024学年七年级上学期12月月考数学试题

三明一中2023-2024学年上学期12月月考高三英语科试卷(考试时间：120分钟;满分：150分)本试卷由四个部分组成，其中第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题，第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。考生注意：1.考生前，考生务必将个人信息填写在答题卡上。考生要认真核对答题卡上的信息。2.选择题部分每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。非选择题答案请黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内规范作答，凡是答题不规范一律无效。3.考生应遵守考试规定，做到“诚信考试，杜绝舞弊”。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.It’shot.B.It’scold.C.It’swarm.2.Whatisthewomanprobablydoingnow?A.Cookingameal.B.Dryingherclothes.C.Washingherclothes.3.Whydoesthemanlikebigbandmusic?A.Helikesthe1950sfashion.B.Heenjoysdancingtoit.C.Hecanbecheeredup.4.Whatdoesthemanprobablyorder?A.Icedcoffee.B.Teacakes.C.Icecream.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anoldcomputer.B.Thewoman’snewcar.C.Arecentspacemission.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。更多课件教案等优质滋元可家威杏MXSJ6636.WhathappenedtoJack’sgrandfather?A.Hehurthisknee.B.Hehadaheartattack.C.Hehadacaraccident.7.Wherewillthespeakersprobablygonext?A.Asupermarket.B.Ahospital.C.Acinema.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeelnow?A.Relaxed.B.Satisfied.C.Anxious.9.Whenwilltheshowbegin?A.OnOctober24th.B.OnOctober14th.C.OnOctober10th.10.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Stoptakingthingssoseriously.B.Concentrateonthethingshecancontrol.C.Communicatewiththeothermembers.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Acouple.C.Managerandemployee.12.WheredidLucystayforseveralweeksrecently?A.Bytheseaside.B.Inthecountry.C.Inatowerblock.13.WhatdoesLucydo?A.She’sanauthor.B.She’sapublisher.C.She’sahousekeeper.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Atschool.C.Inamuseum.15.Whattimemaythespeakersarriveatschooltomorrow?A.At6:00a.m.B.At7:30a.m.C.At8:00a.m.16.Howdoesthemanplantosendhiskidstoschooltomorrow?A.Onfoot.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.17Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Packclothes.B.Preparefood.C.Setanalarmclock.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatdidthespeakermostlyplayatschool?A.Thefunnyroles.B.Theseriousroles.C.Theromanticroles.19.Whorecommendedthespeakertodovoiceacting?A.Aclassmate.B.Adirector.C.Adramateacher.20.Whatisthespeakerworkingforlately?A.Cartoons.B.Talkingbooks.C.Computergames.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWantapart-timejob?Herearesomeoptions.CourtMonitorsWeareseekingfunandenergeticindividualsforCourtMonitors.Youmustbeagoodcommunicator,abletoworkunderpressureandenjoyafast-pacedenvironment.Applicantsmusthavereliabletransportation,beavailabletoworkweekendsandhaveaprovenbackgroundinthefield.Benefits:●Employeediscount●FlexiblescheduleforalloflifeeventsBasicLandscapingDickersonLandscapingislookingtoaddexperiencedmemberstoourlandscapingteam.Ifyouenjoyworkingoutdoorsandaregenuinelyinterestedincrafting,planting,anddigging,thenwe’reinterestedinyou!Youshouldbecapableofdoingphysicalworkandliftingobjectsover50lbs.Weworkonweekdays.Benefits:●Paidtimeoff●Lifeinsurance●HealthinsuranceSandwichArtistAnoutstandingSandwichMakeiswanted!Theidealpersonforthispositionhasrelevantworkexperienceintherestaurantindustry.Aresponsibilityistosafelypreparesandwichestoourcustomers’specifications,workcooperativelywithotherfoodservicestaffandhelptomaintainorganizationandcleanlinessinthekitchen.Benefits:●Paidtraining●Paidtimeoff●Freeuniforms●DiscountedmealsVegetableFarmAssistantIfyouareintoorganicfarmpracticesandtakeinterestinlocalandsustainablyproducedfood,joinus!Previousexperienceisaplus,butnotrequired.Havetheabilitytoliftandcarry50lbsandperformtasksthatrequirebendingorkneelingforseveralhours.SchedulecanbeflexiblewithprioritygiventoapplicantswithMonday-Thursdayavailability.Benefits:●Flexibleschedule1.Whatwillresultindisqualificationasacourtmonitor?A.Beingagreenhand. B.Beingstress-resistant.C.Beingacommunicativeperson. D.Beingavailableonweekends.2.Whatcanyougetfromthejobasasandwichartist?A.Freedining. B.Leavewithpay.C.Stylishclothes. D.Personalizedtraining.3.WhatisasharedrequirementforBasicLandscapingandVegetableFarmAssistant?A.Excellenthandskills. B.Astrongbody.C.Atightworkingschedule. D.Priorexperience.【答案】1.A2.B3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几个兼职工作。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据CourtMonitors中“Applicantsmusthavereliabletransportation,beavailabletoworkweekendsandhaveaprovenbackgroundinthefield.”（申请人必须有可靠的交通工具，可以在周末工作，并有在该领域的证明背景。）可知，一个没有任何在该领域工作经验的新手是不具备资格申请此工作的。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据SandwichArtist中“Paidtimeoff”（带薪休假）可知，你能从三明治艺术家的工作中得到带薪休假的福利。ACD选项均与原文实意不符。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据BasicLandscaping中“Youshouldbecapableofdoingphysicalworkandliftingobjectsover50lbs.”（你应该有能力做体力劳动和举起超过50磅的物体。）以及VegetableFarmAssistant中“Havetheabilitytoliftandcarry50lbsandperformtasksthatrequirebendingorkneelingforseveralhours.”（能够举起和携带50磅的重物，完成需要弯腰或跪着几个小时的任务。）可推知，基本园林绿化和蔬菜农场助理的共同要求是要用强壮的身体。故选B项。BIdon’trememberwhenmyloveoftheprotectedGreatBearRainforestbegan—it’ssomethingthat’salwaysbeenthere,eventhoughIhaven’tspentlongerthanamonththereinonego.Igrewupinasmallvillagebytheseaandplannedtostudymarinebiologyandliveoutonthewater.Unfortunately,orperhapsfortunately,mylackofscientifictalentquicklyputpaidtothatidea,buttheloveofnatureremainedandhasbeenananchor(锚)inmylifeandinmywriting.TheGreatBearRainforestisvast,splendidandwildbutalsofriendly,funanddiverse.Itravelledtherebymyselfattheageof20,planningtospendmy21stbirthdaycamping,andhikingintheforests.Iwokeuponmybirthdayinatentontheedgeofthewater.Behindme,thetreesofthislargelyuntouchedwildernessemerged.Endlesscarpetsofpointedtreesreachedrightdowntoathinrockyshore.Itseemedtherewasnowayin.Thiswildernesshelditssecretsclose.Steppingfromthebeachintotheforest,Iimmediatelysensedthehistoryofthearea—itfeltancient,anditwasimpossiblenottobehumbled.Withaguideforsafety,Ihikedafewmilesthroughthewilderness.Thesoundsoftheforestwereeverywhere.Birdssang.Insectsbuzzed.Somethingbiggermovedthroughtheundergrowthandmyguidestoppeddead.Listened.Myheartwasinmymouth.Then,aftersomeinvisiblesignal,myguiderelaxed,andwewenton.Wecontinuedthehikeandemergedontoacliffwiththemostbreath-takingviewI’veeverseen.Fromterrortowonderinonlyafewhundredsteps.Itwasthatsenseofunsettledground—ofshiftingemotion,secretsandawe,beautyandfear—that’sfedmywritingacrossfourbooks,nonemoresothanChildrenoftheSun,andimplantedinmealifelongloveofthewild.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“putpaidto”inparagraph1mean?A.Stimulated. B.Ended. C.Supported. D.Proved.5.Whatdoes“itwasimpossiblenottobehumbled”conveyinparagraph3?A.Iwasawedbythepowerfulnature. B.Ibecamemodestaftermy21stbirthday.C.Iwasattractedbythehistoryofthearea. D.Igotcuriousaboutthesecretsoftheforest.6.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheguide?A.Conservative. B.Considerate. C.Practiced. D.Indecisive.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thepassionfornature. B.Thefeatureof4books.C.Anunforgettabletravelexperience. D.Avividdescriptionofmixedemotions.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者20岁时独自去大熊雨林旅行的经历，讲述了旅行中的所见所闻。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“mylackofscientifictalentquickly”以及后文“buttheloveofnatureremainedandhasbeenananchor(锚)inmylifeandinmywriting.”可知，but表示转折，说明作者缺乏科学天赋，很快结束了这个想法，但对大自然的热爱仍然存在，并一直是生活和写作的支柱。故划线词意思是“结束”。故选B。【5题详解】句意猜测题。根据第三段“Itseemedtherewasnowayin.Thiswildernesshelditssecretsclose.Steppingfromthebeachintotheforest,Iimmediatelysensedthehistoryofthearea—itfeltancient,anditwasimpossiblenottobehumbled.(似乎没有办法进去。这片荒野封闭着它的秘密。从海滩走进森林，我立刻感受到这个地区的历史——它给人一种古老的感觉，不可能不感到谦卑)”以及最后一段“Fromterrortowonderinonlyafewhundredsteps.Itwasthatsenseofunsettledground—ofshiftingemotion,secretsandawe,beautyandfear(正是这种不安的感觉——不断变化的情感、秘密与敬畏、美丽与恐惧)”可推知，第3段中的“不可能不感到谦卑”意思是“我对大自然的强大感到敬畏”。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Somethingbiggermovedthroughtheundergrowthandmyguidestoppeddead.Listened.Myheartwasinmymouth.Then,aftersomeinvisiblesignal,myguiderelaxed,andwewenton.(有个更大的东西穿过灌木丛，我的向导突然停了下来。听着。我的心都提到嗓子眼儿了。然后，在一些看不见的信号之后，我的向导放松了下来，我们继续前进)”可推知，导游从一开始看到更大的东西停下来，到后来看到信号之后放松了下来，说明他很有经验。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“TheGreatBearRainforestisvast,splendidandwildbutalsofriendly,funanddiverse.Itravelledtherebymyselfattheageof20,planningtospendmy21stbirthdaycamping,andhikingintheforests.(大熊雨林广阔、壮丽、野生，但也友好、有趣、多样。我在20岁的时候独自去那里旅行，计划在我21岁生日的时候去露营，在森林里徒步旅行)”结合文章主要讲述了作者20岁时独自去大熊雨林旅行的经历，讲述了旅行中的所见所闻。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是一次难忘的旅行经历。故选C。CIfsomeoneaskedwhetheryoulikethearts,you’dprobablysayyoudo—atleastintheory.Accordingtoasurvey,morethantwo-thirdsofU.S.adultssaythearts“liftmeupbeyondeverydayexperiences.”However,only30percentattendedaconcertofanytypein2017;23percentwenttoanartmuseum.Fewerthanhalfactivelycreatedartofanykind.Themismatchcanboildowntothefactthatweareweigheddownbyourday-to-dayresponsibilities,leavingourschedulepacked.Maybeyouliketoplayalittlebackgroundmusicwhileyouworkordothechores,butevenbeforethepandemic,mostofusrarely,ifever,sawaliveperformance,letalonevisitedagalleryorwatchedaplay.Toooften,weletthedullrealityoflifegetinthewayofthearts.Butthisisamistake.Theartsaretheoppositeofanescapefromreality;theymightjustbethemostrealisticglimpseweevergetintothenatureandmeaningoflife.Ifyoumaketimeforconsumingandproducingart—thesamewayyoumaketimeforworkandexerciseandfamilycommitments—Iassureyouthatyou’llfindyourlifegettingfullerandhappier.Thinkofatimewhenyouheardapieceofmusicandwantedtocry.Ormaybeyourdizzinessasyouemergedfromanarrowsidestreetinanunfamiliarcityandfoundyourselfinabeautifultownsquareasifinafantasy.Theyprobablystimulatedasuddenawakening,muchliketheshockfromalungfulofpureoxygenafterbreathinginsmoggyair.Ifyouareamongthepeoplewhofeelthatartispurepleasuretoexperienceandparticipatein,youmightseeitasaluxuryitem,whileapreferableattitudeistotreatartlesslikeadistractingpleasure,andmorelikeexerciseorsleep,anecessity.Thendrawupascheduleofyourartexposurejourney,andgraduallyweaveartintoyoureverydaylife.8.Whatpreventspeoplefromenjoyingthearts?A.Shortageoftime. B.Avoidanceofduty.C.Lackofinterest. D.Artspaceinaccessibility.9.Whatcanwelearnabouttheroleofartaccordingtothepassage?A.Itexploresmysteriesoflife. B.Itsparksemotionalresponses.C.Itenhancesphysicalwell-being. D.Itoffersagetawayfromdailylife.10.Whatwillbetalkedaboutnextinthepassage?A.Waystointegrateartintoroutine. B.Barrierstocombineartandlife.C.Formsofdistractingpleasures. D.Benefitsofengagingwithart.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ArtJourney:RefreshingSoulB.ArtPursuit:TransformingDullintoFullC.EmbracingArt:FromLuxurytoNecessityD.ConnectingwithArt:FromRealitytoFantasy【答案】8.A9.B10.A11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们对自己的日常安排满满，以致于没有“艺术时间”，从而使得艺术成为“理论上的喜爱”和“奢侈品”。作者论述了艺术能够带来的有益的情绪刺激，希望可以将对艺术的喜爱真正体现到日常生活中，使其成为生活必需品。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Themismatchcanboildowntothefactthatweareweigheddownbyourday-to-dayresponsibilities,leavingourschedulepacked.(这种不匹配可以归结为这样一个事实：我们被日常的责任压得喘不过气来，把我们的日程安排得满满的。)”可知，阻止人们享受艺术的是安排满满的日程，即，缺少享受艺术的时间。故选A项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Theyprobablystimulatedasuddenawakening,muchliketheshockfromalungfulofpureoxygenafterbreathinginsmoggyair.(它们可能刺激了一种突然的觉醒，很像吸入烟雾弥漫的空气后，一大口纯氧引起的震惊。)”可知，艺术可能会刺激一种突然的觉醒，给人带来震惊。由此可推知，艺术会给人带来情绪方面的刺激。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章末尾段末尾句内容“Thendrawupascheduleofyourartexposurejourney,andgraduallyweaveartintoyoureverydaylife.(然后制定一个你的艺术接触之旅的时间表，并逐渐将艺术融入你的日常生活。)”提到了制定一个时间表，将艺术融入日常生活，由此可推知，后文应以这一话题继续讲述如何设计这样的时间表，如何将艺术融入日常生活规划中。故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章最后一段内容“Ifyouareamongthepeoplewhofeelthatartispurepleasuretoexperienceandparticipatein,youmightseeitasaluxuryitem,whileapreferableattitudeistotreatartlesslikeadistractingpleasure,andmorelikeexerciseorsleep,anecessity.(如果你认为艺术是一种纯粹的体验和参与的乐趣，你可能会将其视为奢侈品，而更可取的态度是将艺术视为一种分散注意力的乐趣，而更像是一种锻炼或睡眠，一种必需品。)”点明了作者想要表达的核心，即，摒弃掉“对艺术理论式的喜爱”，将艺术真正的融入生活，使其成为生活必需品，而非奢侈品。因此，选项C“EmbracingArt:FromLuxurytoNecessity(拥抱艺术：从奢侈品到必需品)”贴合主旨，可作最佳标题。故选C项。DBiodegradable(可降解的)foodpackagingisdesignedtodetecttowhatdegreethefoodhasgonebadbychangingitscolor.Best-beforelabelsareoftenpoorpredictorsofwhenfoodbecomesdangeroustoeat,whichcanleadtowasteandfoodpoisoning,saysBenedettoMarelliattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Soheandhiscolleaguestriedtocreatethepackagethatcanreacttochangesinfood.Theymadefourfilms(膜)similartoplasticpackage,eachconsistingoftwolayers.Onelayerwasmadefromaproteinextractedfromsilkwormsilk,whiletheotherwasmadeofoneoffourso-calledcovalentorganicframeworks(COFs).Thesematerialscontaincarbonandhydrogen,aswellasatomslikeoxygenornitrogen,allarrangedinanetworkthatallowsairandwatertogothrougheasily.Aftercheckingthefilmswerenon-toxicandstrong,theresearcherstriedtocompost(堆肥处理)them.Forthebestperformingfilm,50percentofitdegradedafterbeingplacedinsoilfor30days,whichiscomparabletoexistingbiodegradableplastics.ThematerialalsochangedcolourwhenimmersedinwaterwithdifferentpHvalues,duetotheCOFlayer’sinteractionwiththeliquid.BecausethepHoffoodincreasesasitspoils,theresearcherstriedtouseapieceofthefilmasacolour-changinglabelattachedtoapacketofrawchicken.Thelabelstartedofforangebutturnedyellowandgot17percentlighterafter20hoursat30℃,indicatingthatthemeathadbeguntospoil.TheresearchersalsoloadedtheCOFlayerwithachemical.After15days,soyabeanspackagedinthefilmandleftinhighheatandhumiditywentbad,butonlyathirdasmuchasbeanswrappedintraditionalplastic.“Forasuccessfulmarketentry,thematerialwillneedtobeaffordableandeasytoproduce.Thestandardforcompetingwithplasticproductionisveryhigh.”saysMarelli.12.WhydidMarellidecidetocreatethepackage?A.Toimprovethebiodegradabilityoffood.B.Tocompetewithplasticformarketshare.C.Tomakeabreakthroughinbiotechnology.D.Totacklefoodwasteandenhancefoodsafety.13.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thefunctionsoffilms. B.Thecategoriesoffilms.C.Theapplicationoffilms. D.Thecompositionoffilms.14.Whatisthefeatureofthefilm?A.Itpreventsfoodfromspoiling. B.Itshowssensitivitytochemicals.C.Ithasincomparablebiodegradability. D.Itisunaffectedbyunfavorableconditions.15.WhatisMarelli’sattitudetowardstheprospectofthefilm?A.Realistic. B.Hopeless. C.Optimistic. D.Indifferent.【答案】12.D13.D14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了麻省理工学的贝内代托·马瑞利和同事们试图创造一种能对食物变化做出反应的包装。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Best-beforelabelsareoftenpoorpredictorsofwhenfoodbecomesdangeroustoeat,whichcanleadtowasteandfoodpoisoning,saysBenedettoMarelliattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Soheandhiscolleaguestriedtocreatethepackagethatcanreacttochangesinfood.(麻省理工学院的贝内代托·马瑞利说，“最佳食用前”标签往往不能很好地预测食物何时会变得危险，这会导致浪费和食物中毒。因此，他和他的同事们试图创造一种能对食物变化做出反应的包装。)”可知，他们创造这种包装的目的是为了处理食物浪费和提高食品安全。故选D。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Onelayerwasmadefromaproteinextractedfromsilkwormsilk,whiletheotherwasmadeofoneoffourso-calledcovalentorganicframeworks(COFs).Thesematerialscontaincarbonandhydrogen,aswellasatomslikeoxygenornitrogen,allarrangedinanetworkthatallowsairandwatertogothrougheasily.(其中一层是由从蚕丝中提取的蛋白质制成的，而另一层是由四种所谓的共价有机框架(COFs)中的一种制成的。这些材料含有碳和氢，以及氧原子或氮原子，它们排列成一个网络，让空气和水很容易通过。)”可知，本段主要介绍膜的组成。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“ThematerialalsochangedcolourwhenimmersedinwaterwithdifferentpHvalues,duetotheCOFlayer’sinteractionwiththeliquid.BecausethepHoffoodincreasesasitspoils,theresearcherstriedtouseapieceofthefilmasacolour-changinglabelattachedtoapacketofrawchicken.(由于COF层与液体的相互作用，当浸入不同pH值的水中时，材料也会改变颜色。由于食物变质后pH值会增加，研究人员尝试用一片薄膜作为变色标签贴在一包生鸡肉上。)”当与液体相互作用，加入不同pH值的水，材料颜色会发生变化，可推知它对化学物质的敏感。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘Forasuccessfulmarketentry,thematerialwillneedtobeaffordableandeasytoproduce.Thestandardforcompetingwithplasticproductionisveryhigh.’saysMarelli.(“为了成功进入市场，这种材料需要价格合理且易于生产。与塑料产品竞争的标准非常高。马瑞利说。)”根据马瑞利说的话，可推知，他对这种包装膜的前景的态度是现实的。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.____16____Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork?Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksalallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk-takerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.____17____Asthequalityofrisk-takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk-takingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cavetypes.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit.___18___Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.____19____Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.___20___Fortherisk-seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk-seeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.A.Italldependsonyourcharacter.B.Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.C.Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.D.Thus,thesewell-equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.E.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.F.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.G.Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.【答案】16.F17.C18.A19.E20.G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关．【16题详解】根据前文becausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtasking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。根据后文Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样．故F选项“然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与上文为转折关系，且承接下文。故选F。【17题详解】根据前文Risk-takerswerebetterathunting，fighting，orexploring．喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接上文。故选C。【18题详解】根据前文Somaybeyoulovecarracing，ormaybeyouhateit．也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。故A选项“这要依据你的性格”承接上文。故选A。【19题详解】根据前文scientistssaythatyourWillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据下文Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”承接上下文。故选E。【20题详解】根据下文Fortherisk-seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作”承接下文。故选G。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Mybelovedgrandma,hadneverleftAustraliaandnowneverwouldduetocancer.Planted___21___inthearmchair,shehadnoalternativebutto“travel”viathetravelprogramonTV.I___22___thesadnessandthoughthard.Itfinally___23___methatIcouldaskstrangersontheinternetforhelp.I___24___thepost:MyNannyhascancerandshewillneverseetheworld.Pleasesendherpostcardssoshecanseetheworldfromherarmchair.Icanoffernothingbutgratitude.I___25___nottobreatheawordofthis;shouldnothingcome,Icouldn’tbeartocarryher___26___alongwithmyown.Days___27___weeksandNanny’shealthdeclinedrapidly,mysufferinggrowingunbearable.Finally,aboutsixweeksaftermypost,adog-eared,___28___postcardfromUKwanderedintoourhumblelittleletterbox.Itwastomearayoflightandfromthatday,ourletterboxbecamethe___29___forpostcardsfromallovertheworldandahotel,____30____travel-wearycards.Mydreamofarmchairtravelsbecameareality.Inthemonthsthatfollowed,thankstothosecards,myNannyhadaprivate“flight”toboard,travellingfarandwide,satisfiedand____31____.Cancercouldnotstopus.Ourverylastflight____32____onawarmmorning.Mydearesttravel____33____boughtadifferentticketforthistripandbegantoexploreanotherworld.Ihave____34____fromgreatloss,knowingthatherjourneyaheadwouldbeabrilliantonewithsomany____35____fromthestrangers.21.A.calmly B.anxiously C.steadily D.helplessly22.A.swallowed B.expressed C.shared D.forgot23.A.impressed B.comforted C.touched D.hit24.A.putout B.lookedthrough C.showedoff D.pickedup25.A.agreed B.regretted C.resolved D.promised26.A.tolerance B.disappointment C.annoyance D.anxiety27.A.madeup B.mixedup C.ledto D.turnedto28.A.travel-worn B.brand-new C.threatening D.puzzling29.A.station B.destination C.museum D.shop30.A.accepting B.accommodating C.delivering D.attracting31.A.patient B.confident C.grateful D.peaceful32.A.survived B.sped C.failed D.departed33.A.companion B.consultant C.attendant D.guide34.A.heard B.collapsed C.emerged D.benefited35.A.expectations B.blessings C.congratulations D.cheers【答案】21.D22.A23.D24.A25.C26.B27.D28.A29.B30.B31.C32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者的奶奶得了癌症，老人从来没有离开过澳大利亚去看世界，于是作者发了一张帖子，希望看到的人能邮寄明信片给她，于是奶奶开始了从明信片上看世界的“旅行”。虽然最后奶奶去世了，但是她是带着祝福离开的。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：无助地坐在轮椅上，她没有别选择只能通过电视上的旅游节目“旅行”。A.calmly冷静地；B.anxiously焦虑地；C.steadily稳定地；D.helplessly无助地。根据后半句“shehadnoalternativebutto“travel”viathetravelprogramonTV”可知，此处指作者的奶奶很无助。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我忍住悲伤，努力思考。A.swallowed吞下，抑制，忍受；B.expressed表达；C.shared分享；D.forgot忘记。根据空格后“thesadnessandthoughthard”可知，此处指作者忍住悲伤。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我突然间想起来，我可以向网上的陌生人求助。A.impressed给……留下印象；B.comforted安慰；C.touched触摸，感动；D.hit击，打，使意识到。Ithitsb.that...为固定表达，意思为“某人突然想起……”，根据空格后“methatIcouldaskstrangersontheinternetforhelp”可知，此处表示作者突然想起来可以向网上的陌生人求助。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我发表了这个帖子：我的奶奶得了癌症，她再也见不到这个世界了。请给她寄明信片，让她能够坐在轮椅上看看这个世界。我将不胜感激。A.putout扑灭，发表，生产；B.lookedthrough浏览；C.showedoff炫耀；D.pickedup捡起。根据空格后“thepost”可知，作者在网上发布了帖子。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决心一个字都不说；如果什么都没有来（没有人邮寄明信片的话），我无法承受她和我一样的失望。A.agreed同意；B.regretted后悔；C.resolved决定；D.promised承诺。根据空格后“nottobreatheawordofthis”可知，此处表示作者下定决心不把这件事说出来，因为害怕奶奶失望。故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我决心一个字都不说；如果什么都没有来（没有人邮寄明信片的话），我无法承受她和我一样的失望。A.tolerance忍受；B.disappointment失望；C.annoyance生气；D.anxiety焦虑。根据上半句“shouldnothingcome”可知，作者怕奶奶失望。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：日复一日，周复一周，奶奶的健康状况迅速恶化，我的痛苦也越来越难以忍受。A.madeup编造，化妆；B.mixedup混淆；C.ledto导致；D.turnedto转变为，转向。根据空格后“weeksandNanny’shealthdeclinedrapidly”可知，此处指等待明信片的日子由几天变成了几周，显示出作者内心的焦虑。故选D。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最终，大概在我发出帖子后的六周，一张来自英国的卷角且有点破旧的明信片出现在了我们简陋的信箱里。A.travel-worn旅行中用旧的；舟车劳顿的；B.brand-new崭新的；C.threatening威胁的；D.puzzling令人困惑的。根据空格前“aboutsixweeksaftermypost”可知，这张明信片经过长时间的邮寄已经有些破旧。故选A。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它对于我来说是一束光，从那天起，我们的信箱变成了来自世界各地的明信片的目的地，变成了一个容纳风尘仆仆的明信片的旅店。A.station车站；B.destination目的地；C.museum博物馆；D.shop商店。根据上文作者发的帖子里的内容“Pleasesendherpostcardssoshecanseetheworldfromherarmchair.(请给她寄明信片，让她能够坐在轮椅上看看这个世界)”可知，这里是明信片的目的地。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它对于我来说是一束光，从那天起，我们的信箱变成了来自世界各地的明信片的目的地，变成了一个容纳风尘仆仆的明信片的旅店。A.accepting接受；B.accommodating容纳，为……提供住处；C.delivering投递；D.attracting吸引。根据空格前“ahotel”以及空格后“travel-wearycards”可知，此处指我们的信箱变成了来自世界各地的明信片的容身之地，住所。故选B。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个月，由于那些卡片，我的奶奶有了一架“私人飞机”，带她四处旅行，我们感到满足且感恩。A.patient有耐心的；B.confident自信的；C.grateful感激的；D.peaceful和平的。根据空格前“thankstothosecards,myNannyhadaprivate“flight”toboard,travellingfarandwide,satisfiedand”可知，作者抱着一颗感恩的心。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的最后一班飞机在一个温暖的早晨起飞。A.survived幸存；B.sped加速；C.failed失败；D.departed离开。根据下文“Mydearesttravel___13___boughtadifferentticketforthistripandbegantoexploreanotherworld.(我最亲爱的旅伴为这次旅行买了另一张票，开始探索另一个世界)”可知，奶奶去世了，离开了这个世界，这是奶奶的最后一班“飞机”，所以此处指最后一班“飞机”起飞（离开）的时间。故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最亲爱的旅伴为这次旅行买了另一张票，开始探索另一个世界。A.companion同伴；B.consultant顾问；C.attendant随从，服务员；D.guide导游。根据上文“Cancercouldnotstopus(癌症没能阻止我们)”可知，这里指作者和奶奶一起从明信片上看世界，所以奶奶是我的旅伴。故选A。34题详解】考动词词义辨析。句意：我已经从巨大的痛苦中恢复过来，知道在这么多陌生人的祝福下，她未来的旅程将会是一个特别棒的旅程。A.heard听到；B.collapsed倒塌；C.emerged出现，（从困境中）熬过来；D.benefited获益。根据空格后“fromgreatloss”可知，此处指从痛苦中走出来。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经从巨大的痛苦中恢复过来，知道在这么多陌生人的祝福下，她未来的旅程将会是一个特别棒