2022-2023学年重庆市重点中学高二（上）期末英语试卷（含解析）

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年重庆市重点中学高二（上）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。AAssistantProfessor，MusicalTheatreDance

WichitaStateUniversityseeksafull-time，9-monthassistantprofessor，beginninginAugust.Applicantsarerequiredtohaveadegreeindancearea，teachingexperienceataprofessionalorcollegelevel，abilitytodirectandteachstagemovement.Thesalarydependsonqualificationsandexperience.

Forcompleteinformation，visithttp：//.

FullProfessorinTheatreandDance

TheDepartmentofTheatre&；DanceattheUniversityAmmaatSanDiego（http：///）isseekinganexperiencedtheatreartistinlightingdesign.Applicantsmustworkforusforatleast10months.Significantprofessionalexperienceisrequired.Thispositionisexpectedtoteachatbothgraduateandundergraduatelevels.

AreviewofapplicationswillstartonJune1st.Applicationdeadline：September1st.

TechnicalDirectorinPerformingandFineArts

DeSalesUniversity'sPerformingandFineArtsDepartmentseeksahighlyskilled，professionaltechnicaldirector.Thepositionisa10-monthstaffpositionwiththepossibilityofsummeremploymentwithThePennsylvaniaShakespeareFestival.Professionalexperienceisrequired.MFAispreferred.

Pleaseemailmaterialstojohn.bell@.Screeningofapplicationsbeginsimmediatelyandwillcontinueuntilthepositionisfilled.

AssistantDirector-mediaResourcesCenter

MarylandInstituteCollegeofArtisseekinganAssistantDirectorofMediaResourcesCenterintheAcademicAffairsDivision.

QualificationsforthepositionincludeadegreeinArtHistoryorrelatedfieldswithaknowledgeofartanddesignhistory，libraryexperience，excellentinterpersonalandcommunicationskillsandfamiliaritywithPhotoshopandscanning.

Areviewofapplicationswillbeginimmediately；jobannouncementswillremainopenuntilthepositionisfilled.Applicantsarerequiredtoworkforusatleast11months.Theycansendemailstojobs@.Thesalarydiffersdependingonyourexperience.Pleaseincludeyourdesiredsalaryinyourapplicationletter.1.WhataretherequirementstobeafullprofessorinTheatreandDance？______A.Havingagraduateorundergraduatedegree.

B.Beingabletoteachstagemovement.

C.Beinganexperiencedtheatreartistinthedancearea.

D.Havingmuchprofessionalexperience.2.Whatshouldanapplicantdoifhewantstobeatechnicaldirector？______A.Contactjobs@.

B.Visithttp：///.

C.Contactjohn.bell@.

D.Visithttp：//.3.Whichofthefollowingrequiresinterpersonalandcommunicationskills？______A.WichitaStateUniversity.

B.MarylandInstituteCollegeofArt.

C.DesalesUniversity.

D.TheUniversityofCalifornia.BHuangDanian，thewell-knownChinesegeophysicist，wasbornin1958inGuangxi，China.Asakeenandablestudent，HuangwenttotheUKin1993tofurtherhisstudies.

BythetimeHuangmovedbacktoChinain2008，hehadbeenlivingandworkingintheUKfor15years.Hehadagoodjobandalifethere，buthegaveitalluptoreturntohomedrivenbytheideathatheneededtocontributetohiscountry.Asoneoftheworld'sleadingexpertsindeepearthexplorationtechnology，Huangwasinvitedtoparticipateinthe"ThousandTalent"programme.HetookupapositionatJilinUniversity，Changchun.

HuangwasnamedleadscientistonChina'sdeepearthexplorationprogramme，developingadvancedcamerasthatcanseethroughtheEarth'scrust（外壳）sothatitcanbeanalysedwithouthavingtodigintoit.Hesetupanadvancedlab，sometimespayingforequipmentwithhisownmoney.Somedescribedhimasa"lunatic"（a"madman"），butthispassion（热情）anddriveenabledHuangtopushforwardsChina'sdeepearthexplorationtechnologyintoaworld-leadingposition.Huang'sdevotioncontributedtoChina'slunarprobe（月球探测器）Yutubeinglandedonthemoonin2013andthelaunchofthespacecraftsShenzhou-11andTiangong-2in2016.

Huang'shealthalsopaidthepriceforhiscommitmenttohiswork.Hebeganhavingfaintingfits（昏厥）in2012，butpaidthemlittleattention，statinghedidnothavetimetogotoseeadoctor——hisworkalwayscamefirst.InNovember2016，Huangfaintedandwastakentohospital，wherehewasdiagnosedwithcancer.Thediseasewassoadvancedthathehadjustacoupleofmonthstolive.

Likethetruescientisthewas，Huangnevergaveup，butalwaystriedtopushforwards.Evenfromhishospitalbed，hecontinuedhiswork，writinglettersofreferenceforhiscolleaguesandreplyingtoquestionsfromhisstudents.HuangdiedinJanuary2017，agedjust58.Morethan800peopleattendedhisfuneraltocelebratealifethatburnedsobright，butwassoshort.4.HuangreturnedtoChinain2008because______.A.hedesiredtodevotehimselftohismotherland

B.the"ThousandTalent"programattractedhim

C.JilinUniversityofferedhimatopposition

D.hewasn'tsatisfiedwiththelifeintheUK5.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout？______A.China'saerospacedevelopment.

B.Huang'sworkingattitudeandstyle.

C.China'sdeepearthexplorationtechnology.

D.Huang'sgreatcontributionstoChina.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs？______A.TheworkingenvironmentcausedHuang'sdisease.

B.Huangworkedcontinuouslydespitehispoorhealth.

C.Huangwastakentohospitalafterhefaintedin2012.

D.AlargesumofmoneywaspaidtotreatHuang'sillness.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribeHuangDanian？______A.Generousandhonest. B.Hardworkinganddetermined.

C.Modestandcourageous. D.Passionateandpatient.CEverytimewegetonaplane，we'reaskedtoeitherturnoffourphonesorchangethemtoflightmode-it'sfor"securityreasons"。ButaccordingtoTheConversationwebsite，havingtoturnourphonesoffonaplaneis"aserviceissue，notasafetyone"。

Whenwespeakonourphonesintheair，theycancauseinterferencetotheaircraft'sradiosandpilotscanhearthisinterferenceintheirheadphones."It'sthesamenoiseyou'llbefamiliarwith，ifyouputyourmobiletooclosetoaspeaker，"theMirrornoted."Itisnotsafety-critical，butisannoyingforsure."Thoughspeakingonaphoneduringaflightisn'tdangerous，fromtheviewpointofservice，itisn'tstillagoodidea.Whenwemakeorreceiveacallontheground，weconnecttoacelltowerthatdealswithallcallswithinan80-kilometerradius（半径）．Aswemovefromplacetoplaceweare"handedon"todifferentcelltowers.AsUSscientistSvenBilenexplains，forthissystemtowork，thereare"built-in"expectations：Thereshouldn'tbetoomany"handoffs"andpeopleshouldn'tbetravelingfasterthancarspeeds."Ofcourse，phoneusersshouldbeclosetotheground."headded.Ifweweretomakephonecallswhileweflew，however，noneoftheseexpectationswouldbemet.Andevenworse，ourcellphoneswouldstopworking.

Butnowthingsarebeginningtochange.Ifwestillcan'tspeakduringaflight，wecanuseotherphonefunctions.Forexample，AirbusA330ofEmiratesAirlineshasinflightWiFitomakepassengerssendandreceiveshortmessagesintheair.Inthefuture，asBilenpointsout，itmaybepossibleforairtravelerstomakeandreceivecallsfreely.Thebreakthroughcouldbe"picocells"，whicharesmallcelltowersontheplaneitself.Therewouldnolongerbeconnectionsmadebetweenphonesandthegroundandthereforetherewouldbenodangerofdisturbanceofphoneservice.

Oneday，perhaps，wewillbechattingintheairasmuchaswechatontheground.8.WhyismakingaphonecallNOTallowedonaplane？______A.Becauseitwillposeathreattotheirsafety.

B.Becauseitcanguaranteeabetterservice.

C.Becauseitfailstobeconnectedtothecelltower.

D.Becauseitmaycauseannoyingnoisetopilots.9.Howmany"built-in"expectationsarementionedtohelpmakeacall？______A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.10.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage？______A.Peopleneedtotravelslowerthanairplanespeedswhilephoning.

B.Picocellsmaycontributetofreephonecallsonaplane.

C.Undisturbedphoneservicehasbeenprovidedbyairlines.

D.PassengerscanreceivecallsonAirbusA330throughinflightWiFi.11.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom？______A.Anewspaper. B.Anofficialdocument.

C.Aguidebook. D.Asciencefictionstory.DWeknowthatChinaisthelargestandfastest-growingconsumermarketintheworld.Whatislesswellunderstoodaretheforcesthatshapeconsumerismintheworldsmostpopulouscountry.Inmyview,therearesomesocialandculturalaspectsatplaythatdriveconsumerspending.

Consumerismisrelatedtofreedom.Tohaveachoicemeanstohaveconsumerchoice.Youarewhatyouconsume.Consumptionisanexpressionofself.Itallowsyoutoexploretheworldthroughitsproducts,toexperimentwithlifestylechoices,andtodososafelyandanonymously（匿名地）.YoumightnevergettoFrance,butyoucantryFrenchwine.Californiamightbefaraway,butyoucangotoShanghaiDisneyland.Indeed,theenthusiasmforchoiceisreflectedintheenthusiasmChineseconsumershaveforonlineshopping.

Consumerismisastatementofsuccess.AmericaneconomistThorsteinVeblenpopularizedtheconceptof"conspicuousconsumption".Whenconsumptionisnolongerdrivenonlybyneed,itbecomesawayofmakingastatementthatyouhavedisposable（可支配的）incomeandyoucan-atleastincertainrespects-enjoylifeonyourterms.Simplepleasures--apairofNikes,asmartphone,designerclothingbecomestatementsofpersonalidentity.

Collectiveexperienceisfocused.Welikeparticipatingingroupevents.FOMO，theFearofMissingOut,goesbeyondcultures.ButIsuspectthistrendisstrongerinChinathanintheWestbecauseConfucianculturedoesnotcelebrateoutliersastheWestdoes.Socialmediareinforces（强化）thiscollectivepatternsothatshoppinganddiningaresharedexperiences.Opinionsarecrowd-sourced.Andthemerchantsreinforcethispatternbysupportingholidaysales,groupbuying,andotherpromotions.

SuccessfulbrandsinChinaareabletohandlemostoralloftheaboveconsiderations.Theconsumermustnotonlybedelightedwithyourproduct.Thejourneyoftheconsumermustalsorespectthesesocio-culturalaspects.12.What'smainlytalkedaboutinthepassage？______A.China'spopulationgrowingwealthier.

B.China'sfast-growingmarketeconomy.

C.Chinesesocio-culturalinfluencesonconsumerism.

D.Chineseconsumers'preferenceofqualitytoquantity.13.Whatdoesparagraph2focuson？______A.Shoppingonlineisanewexperience.

B.Consumptioncanbeareflectionoffreedom.

C.ForeignproductscanbepurchasedinChina.

D.Shoppingaroundtheworldisafavorablechoice.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"conspicuousconsumption"inparagraph3mean？______A.Theabilitytocoverone'srealneedsindailylife.

B.Spendingmoneyinordertokeepupwithothers.

C.Thepurchaseofexpensiveitemstodisplaystatus.

D.Buyingabundantgoodstoacquirepersonalidentity.15.WhydoestheauthorthinkFOMOisstrongerinChina？______A.Socialmediaplayabiggerroleintheirlives.

B.Followingthetrendiswhatpeoplelikebetter.

C.Chinesepeoplehavelesscontactwiththestrangers.

D.Confuciancultureislesslikelytoappreciateoutsiders.二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。Don'tRuinHealthyEatingWhenYouTravel

I'venoticedthat，aspeoplebecomemoreconsciousofhowfoodaffectstheirhealth，leavinghomecansometimespresentchallengesfor.thosewhowanttokeepeatingwell.Herearesomesimplewaystoeatadventurouslyandwellwhileyou'reenjoyingthebestmomentsofyourtrip：

Planahead.Oftenwhenwe'retraveling，we'reoutofourroutineandaren'teatingatregularintervals.(16)Contrarytothepopularmyththatyoushouldholdoffeatingtosaveroomforabigmeal，goingforlongstretcheswithouteatingactuallycausesyourbodytobecometiredandhangontocalories.Packsnacksforeasyaccessnut，seedshard-boiledeggs，firmfruits.

Don'tforgetthegrocerystore.Asupermarket，especiallyalocalone，canbeyourbestplacetogethersomethingtocatwhiletraveling.(17)You'llfindawidervarietyofgreatfoodsthatarefreeoffat，dairy，andothercommonallergens（过敏素）atareasonablecost.

Drinkmorewaterthanyounormallydo.(18)Walkingaroundalldayexpendsenergyanddehydrates（脱水）yourbody.Oftenpeopledrinkalcoholorsodaswithmeals，andthesearealsodehydrating.Drinkingmorethanyourusualeightglassesofwateradaywillkeepyouenergized，hydrateyourcellsandkeepyourskinglowing.

Drinklosalcoholthaneveryonearoundyouisdrinking.Thiscanbechallenging，especiallyonbusinesstrips，wheredrinkingisafamiliarpastime.(19)

(20)Letyourselfhavetreats，andenjoythem--justkeepittoonceaday.Getthatgoodpieceofchocolatecake.Haveanextrahelpingofsteakfries.Orderthethingwithbutter，andloveeverysinglebite.Thenbedonewiththeless-than-healthyfood，andrememberthatyoualwayshaveanotherdayforthatonelittleindulgence（放纵）.

A.Justenjoythetreatsthatyoulike.

B.Trythe"one-and-done"rule.

C.Planesandhotelroomaregenerallydry.

D.Sometimeswecangoseveralhourswithouteatinganything.

E.However，drinkingtoomuchcanleadtomoreunhealthyeating.

F.You'llhaveeasy，cheapacestofreshproduceandhealthysnacks.

G.Planningaheadoftimealwaysyoutocontrolwhatgoesintoyourbody.16.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。GrowingupinMelbourne，Australia，Iwasoneofthosenaughtylittlekidsthatnever，everstoppedasking"Why？".Iusedtoaskmymumthemostannoyingquestions.Asa"why"kid，Ithoughteverything(21)canbechangedandIcouldmaketheworldbetter.

WhenIwasinmyhighschool，I(22)thechancetogotothePhilippinestolearnmoreduetomygood(23)atschool.ItwastherethatIbecamefriendswithSonny，wholivedon"SmokyMountain".Butdon'tlettheromance（浪漫）ofthatname(24)you，becauseitwas(25)apileofsteaminggarbagewherekidslikeSonnyspenthourseverysingledayfindinganythingof(26).

ThosedayswithSonnychangedmylifeforever.Ithoughttomyself，"Whyshouldanyonehaveto(27)likethiswhileIhavesomuch？WhyshouldSonny'slifebe(28)bywherehewasborn？"

Ilater(29)thatthepoverty（贫穷）I'dseeninthePhilippineswastheresultofdecisionsmadeornotmade.That's(30)，afewyearslater，IjoinedwithagroupofcollegefriendsinbringingtheMakePovertyHistorycampaigntoAustralia.Andtoour(31)，theAustraliangovernmentheardourvoicesandagreedtodoubleinvestmentandfixtheproblemmilesoutsideofourborders.

Overalltheseyears，I'vetriedtoreconnectwithSonny.(32)，I'vebeenunableto.I'dlovetositdownwithhim，whereverheis，and(33)withhimhowmuchthetimeIspenton"SmokyMountain"(34)me.Thankstohimandsomanyothers，Icametounderstandtheimportanceofbeingpartofagroupofpeoplewhoare(35)tomaketheworldbetter，whostandtogetherandembrace（拥抱）theamazingfutureoftheworldweshare.21.A.simple B.unfair C.new D.unfinished22.A.found B.obtained C.missed D.lost23.A.performance B.character C.English D.habit24.A.affect B.bother C.impress D.fool25.A.originally B.hardly C.actually D.certainly26.A.beauty B.cleanness C.interest D.value27.A.live B.say C.work D.study28.A.changed B.created C.determined D.challenged29.A.admitted B.explained C.doubted D.understood30.A.where B.why C.how D.when31.A.disappointment B.confusion C.amazement D.regret32.A.Sadly B.Luckily C.Surprisingly D.Obviously33.A.discuss B.debate C.share D.cooperate34.A.cheated B.inspired C.attracted D.amused35.A.hesitant B.shocked C.afraid D.willing四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。36.Today，muchoftheworld'soceanisstillamystery.

Sofar，only5percentofit(1)（explore）.Infact，weknowmoreaboutsomeareasofMarsthanthatoftheworld'socean.

However，(2)isnewtechnologythatishelpingscientistsexplorethesehiddenworlds.Forexample，scientistsareusinganunderwatervehicle(3)（call）DeepSeetoexploreseamountsunderwatermountains.ScientistshaveusedDeepSeetostudyLasGemelas.Thereareahugevarietyofspecies(4)（live）aroundLasGemelas.Someofthesespeciesmayhavechemicals(5)canhelppeoplefightillnesses.

(6)deepestlocationoftheearthistheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.Theoceanfloorthereisabout11，000metersdeep.In2012，filmmakerandexplorerJamesCameron(7)（reach）theMarianaTrenchinavehiclecalledDeepseeChallenger.Hewasthefirst(8)（complete）thejourneyalone.Camerontook(9)（photo）andmadevideosontheoceanfloor.

Deep-seaexplorationalsohelpsusinotherways.Forexample，wearelearninghowunderwaterearthquakescausetsunamis（海啸）．AsCameronsays，"Thisisthebeginningof(10)（open）upanewfrontier."(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。37.你校将举办演讲比赛。请你以Volunteeringwillmakeabetteryou为题写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括：

（1）陈述担当志愿者的意义；

（2）提出相关建议并发出倡议。

注意：1.词数100左右；文章开头不计入字数

（3）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Hello，Everyone，mayIhaveyourattentionplease？

___________38.CharlesRoselivedinthecountrywithhisfather，whotaughthimtoreadandtowrite.Mr.Rosetoldhissonthat，whenhismorninglessonswereover，hemightamusehimselfforonehourashepleased.

Therewasarivernearby.Onitsbankstoodthehutofapoorfisherman，wholivedbysellingfish.HiscarefulwifekeptherwheelgoingCarlyandlate.Theybothworkedveryhardtokeepthemselvesabovewant.Buttheyweregreatlytroubledforfearthattheironlysonshouldneverlearntoreadandtowrite.Theycouldnotteachhimthemselves，andtheyweretoopoortosendhimtoschool.

Charlescalledatthehutofthisfishermanoneday，toinquireabouthisdog，whichwasmissing.Hefoundthelittleboy，whosenamewasJoe，sittingbythetable，onwhichhewasmakingmarkswithapieceofchalk.Charlesaskedhimwhetherhewasdrawingpictures.

"No.Iamtryingtowrite，"saidlittleJoe，"butIknowonlytwowords.ThoseIsawuponasign，andIamtryingtowritethem."

"IfIcouldonlylearntoreadandwrite，"saidhe，"Ishouldbethehappiestboyintheworld."

"ThenIwillmakeyouhappy，"saidCharles."Iamonlyalittleboy，butIcanteachyouthat.""Myfathergivesmeanhoureverydayformyself.Now，ifyouwilltrytolearn，youshall

soonknowhowtoreadandtowrite."

BothJoeandhismotherwerereadytofallontheirkneestothankCharles.Theytoldhimitwaswhattheywishedaboveallthings.

So，onthenextdaywhenthehourcame，Charlesputhisbookinhispocket，andwenttoteachJoe.Joelearnedveryfast，andCharlessoonbegantoteachhimhowtowrite.

Sometimeafter，agentlemancalledonMr.Rose，andsaid，"Charlesdidnotalwaysamusehimself.Ioftenseehimgotothehouseofthefisherman.Ifearhegoesoutintheirboat."

注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Themomentthegentlemanleft，Mr.Rosewentinsearchofhisson._________________

Thenextday，hisfathertookhimtotown，andgavehimbooksforhimselfandJoe，withwritingpaper，pens，andink.______________________(1)(2)

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、C、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据FullProfessorinTheatreandDance部分的Significantprofessionalexperienceisrequired（需要具有很多的专业经验）可知，戏剧和舞蹈专业的正教授需要许多专业经验。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据TechnicalDirectorinPerformingandFineArts部分DeSalesUniversity'sPerformingandFineArtsDepartmentseeksahighlyskilled，professionaltechnicaldirector（德萨勒斯大学的表演和美术系寻求一位高技能，专业的技术主任）和下面的Pleaseemailmaterialstojohn.bell@（请寄邮件到John.bell@.）可知，如果想做技术主任，可以联系john.bell@.。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据AssistantDirector-mediaResourcesCenter部分的MarylandInstituteCollegeofArtisseekinganAssistantDirectorofMediaResourcesCenterintheAcademicAffairsDivision（马里兰艺术学院正在寻找学术事务部媒体资源中心的助理主任）和QualificationsforthepositionincludeadegreeinArtHistoryorrelatedfieldswithaknowledgeofartanddesignhistory，libraryexperience，excellentinterpersonalandcommunicationskillsandfamiliaritywithPhotoshopandscanning（该职位的资格包括艺术史或相关领域的学位，具有艺术和设计史知识，图书馆经验，出色的人际关系和沟通技巧以及熟悉Photoshop和扫描）可知，需要人际沟通技巧的是MarylandInstituteCollegeofArt。故选B。

这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍4个职位招聘的信息和要求。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。4~7.【答案】A、D、B、B【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句"Hehadagoodjobandalifethere，buthegaveitalluptoreturntohomedrivenbytheideathatheneededtocontributetohiscountry.（他在那里有一份很好的工作和生活，但他放弃了一切回到了家乡。他的想法是他需要为他的国家做贡献。）"可知，黄大年从英国回到祖国是渴望为国家的发展贡献自己的力量。故选A项。

（2）D.段落大意题。根据第三段末句"Huang'sdevotioncontributedtoChina'slunarprobe（月球探测器）Yutubeinglandedonthemoonin2013andthelaunchofthespacecraftsShenzhou-11andTiangong-2in2016.（黄大年的贡献包括2013年中国的月球探测器'玉兔'登陆月球，以及2016年神舟十一号和天宫二号飞船的发射。）"并结合全段内容可知，他开发的先进相机可以穿透地壳，这样就可以在不深入地壳的情况下进行分析。他建立了一个先进的实验室，正是这种激情和动力使黄大年把中国的深地探测技术推向了世界领先的地位。所以第二段主要讲述黄大年对中国做出的巨大贡献。故选D项。

（3）B.细节理解题。由倒数第二段"Hebeganhavingfaintingfits（昏厥）in2012，butpaidthemlttleattention，statinghedidnothavetimetogotoseeadoctor--hisworkalwayscamefirst.（在2012年他开始有晕厥发作。但很少注意，说他没有时间去看医生他的工作总是第一位的。）"及最后一段"Evenfromhishospitalbed，hecontinuedhiswork，writinglettersofreferenceforhiscllaguesandreplyingtoquestionsfromhisstudents.（即使躺在病床上，他也继续工作，为同事们写推荐信，回答学生们的问题。）"可知，他虽然患病晕厥住院但仍坚持工作。故选B项。

（4）B.推理判断题。根据第二段"Hehadagoodjobandalifethere，buthegaveitalluptoreturntohomedrivenbytheideathatheneededtocontributetohiscountry.Asoneoftheworld'sleadingexpertsindeepearthexplorationtechnology，Huangwasinvitedtoparticipateinthe"ThousandTalent"programme.（他在那里有一份很好的工作和生活，但他放弃了一切回到了家乡他的想法是他需要为他的国家做贡献。）"可知，黄大年放弃英国的优厚待遇回国为祖国发展尽力，他是爱国的。综合最后两段，他患重病仍坚持工作，教导学生，可知他是敬业的。因此B项非常准确地形容黄大年。A.Generousandhonest  慷慨和诚实的；B.Hardworking

and

determined.工作努力和意志坚定的；C.Modestandcourageous  谦虚勇敢的；D.Passionateandpatient  充满激情和耐心的。故选B项。

这是一篇记叙文。介绍了中国著名地球物理学家黄大年的生平及他为祖国做出的贡献。

阅读理解，要先通读全文，再结合题目到文章中针对性的寻找与题目相关的细节，抓关键词、关键句，仔细推敲，结合选项，逐一排除，如是错误选项，一定要明白表达错误所在；如是正确选项，一定是完全符合原文作者所要表达的意思、观点或想法，或与文章中某些细节完全相符。8~11.【答案】D、C、B、A【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，Whenwespeakonourphonesintheair，theycancauseinterferencetotheaircraft'sradiosandpilotscanhearthisinterferenceintheirheadphones.'It'sthesamenoiseyou'llbefamiliarwith，ifyouputyourmobiletooclosetoaspeaker.当我们在空中用手机通话时，它们会对飞机的无线电设备造成干扰，飞行员可以在耳机中听到这种干扰。"如果你把手机放得离扬声器太近的话，这和你熟悉的噪音是一样的。可知，乘客在飞机上必须关闭手机的原因是使用电话可能会给飞行员带来烦人的噪音，结合选项，故选D.

（2）C.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，AsUSscientistSvenBilenexplains，forthissystemtowork，thereare"built-in"expectations：Thereshouldn'tbetoomany'handoffs'andpeopleshouldn'tbetravelingfasterthancarspeeds.'Ofcourse，phoneusersshouldbeclosetotheground.'headded.Ifweweretomakephonecallswhileweflew，however，noneoftheseexpectationswouldbemet.Andevenworse，ourcellphoneswouldstopworking.如美国科学家斯文•比伦解释说，为了让这个系统工作，有"内置"期望结论：不应该有太多"交接班"并且人们的旅行速度不应该超过汽车的速度。"当然，电话用户应该靠近地面。可知，一共有三个内置期望被提到来帮助打电话，分别是不应该有太多"交接班"、人们的旅行速度不应该超过汽车的速度、电话用户应该靠近地面，共三个方面，结合选项，故选C.

（3）B.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段，Inthefuture，asBilenpointsout，itmaybepossibleforairtravelerstomakeandreceivecallsfreely.Thebreakthroughcouldbe'picocells'，whicharesmallcelltowersontheplaneitself.未来航空旅客或许可以自由地拨打和接收电话。这项突破有可能是"picocells"飞机本身自带的手机信号塔。可知，picocells有助于飞机上无障碍通话的实现，结合选项，故选B.

（4）A.文章来源题。根据文章第一段，Everytimewegetonaplane，we'reaskedtoeitherturnoffourphonesorchangethemtoflightmode-it'sfor"securityreasons"。ButaccordingtoTheConversationwebsite，havingtoturnourphonesoffonaplaneis"aserviceissue，notasafetyone"。每次上飞机，我们都会被要求关闭手机或将其切换到飞行模式，这是出于"安全原因"。但根据对话网站的说法，在飞机上必须关闭手机是"服务问题，而不是安全问题"。可知，本文章主要讲了在飞机上需要关闭手机的原因以及未来对可以在飞机上拨打或接听电话的期望。因此，该文文章应该来自一份报纸，结合选项，故选A.

这是一篇科教类阅读，作者主要向我们介绍了在飞机上需要关闭手机的原因以及未来对可以在飞机上拨打或接听电话的期望。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。12~15.【答案】C、B、C、D【解析】（1）C．主旨大意题。第一段提出"一些社会和文化因素推动中国的消费支出"，第二段讲"在中国，消费主义与自由有关"，第三段讲"在中国，消费主义是成功的象征"，第四段讲"在中国，消费是集体经验的体现"，最后一段讲"在中国成功的品牌都会考虑尊重消费者的这些社会文化方面"，可知文章主要讲述了，在中国哪几个社会和文化因素推动中国的消费支出，即中国社会文化对消费主义的影响。故选C.

（2）B．段落大意题。由第二段中的"Consumerismisrelatedtofreedom.Tohaveachoicemeanstohaveconsumerchoice.Youarewhatyouconsume.Consumptionisanexpressionofself.Itallowsyoutoexploretheworldthroughitsproducts,toexperimentwithlifestylechoices,andtodososafelyandanonymously（匿名地）."（消费主义与自由有关。有选择就意味着有消费者的选择。你就是你消费的东西。消费是自我的表现。它允许你通过它的产品探索世界，体验生活方式的选择，并且安全匿名地这样做。）可知，第二段多强调消费与自由的关系，消费是自我的表现，通过消费，人们能得到自由，所以本段主要讲消费可以是自由的反映。故选B.

（3）C．短语猜测题。由第三段"Consumerismisastatementofsuccess.AmericaneconomistThorsteinVeblenpopularizedtheconceptof"conspicuousconsumption".Whenconsumptionisnolongerdrivenonlybyneed,itbecomesawayofmakingastatementthatyouhavedisposable（可支配的）incomeandyoucan-atleastincertainrespects-enjoylifeonyourterms.Simplepleasures-apairofNikes,asmartphone,designerclothingbecomestatementsofpersonalidentity."（消费主义是成功的象征。美国经济学家ThorsteinVeblen推广了"conspicuousconsumption"的概念。当消费不再仅仅是由需求驱动时，它就变成了一种表明你有可支配收入的方式，你至少可以在某些方面按照自己的条件享受生活。简单的乐趣--一双耐克鞋、一部智能手机、名牌服装成为个人身份的象征。）可知，本段主要讲，当消费不再仅仅是由需求驱动时，消费就成为了一种成功的象征，人们会用消费购买一些昂贵的物品来彰显自己的个人身份，此时的消费成为了一种获得个人身份地位的炫耀性消费，conspicuousconsumption在此处意为"购买昂贵物品以获得个人身份"。故选C.

（4）D．细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的"Welikeparticipatingingroupevents.FOMO，theFearofMissingOut,goesbeyondcultures.ButIsuspectthistrendisstrongerinChinathanintheWestbecauseConfucianculturedoesnotcelebrateoutliersastheWestdoes."（我们喜欢参加团体活动。对错过的恐惧（FOMO）超越了文化。但我怀疑这种趋势在中国比在西方更强烈，因为儒家文化不像西方那样推崇异类。）可知，FOMO这种趋势在中国很强烈，是因为儒家文化不太可能欣赏外来者。故选D.

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哪几个社会和文化因素推动中国的消费支出。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。16~20.【答案】D、F、C、E、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据前一句Often

when

we're

traveling，we're

out

of

our

routine

and

aren't

eating

at

regular

intervals.

（通常当我们在旅行时，我们会脱离我们的常规，不按固定的时间间隔吃东西。）可知，D项Sometimes

we

can

go

several

hours

without

eating

anything.（有时我们可以几个小时不吃东西。）符合语境。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据上文A

supermarket，especially

a

local

one，can

be

your

best

place

together

something

to

cat

while

traveling.

（超市，尤其是当地的超市，可能是你旅行时最好的购物场所。）可知，本段建议我们在旅途中可以逛一下当地商店。F项You'll

have

easy，cheap

aces

to

fresh

produce

and

healthy

snacks.（你可以轻松、便宜地获得新鲜的农产品和健康的零食。）符合语境。故选F。

（3）推理判断题。本段小标题Drink

more

water

than

you

normally

do（比平常多喝水）建议我们旅游时要比平时多喝水，接着讲原因。C项Planes

and

hotel

room

are

generally

dry.（飞机上和旅馆里一般很干燥）符合语境。故选C。

（4）细节理解题。根据上文This

can

be

challenging，especially

on

business

trips，where

drinking

is

a

familiar

pastime.

（这可能是一个挑战，尤其是在商务旅行中，喝酒是一种常见的消造。）可知，E项However，drinking

too

much

can

lead

to

more

unhealthy

eating.（然而，饮酒过多会导致更不健康的