高中语法框架及练习题

一、名词与冠词

名词是表示人、事物和地点名称的词，如：book,Mary,Beijing,冠词本身没有词义，

没有数和格的变化，不能单独使用，通常放在名词前，辅助说明这个名词的意义。冠

词与名词的用法密不可分。以下表格最能说明二者的关系

意义

泛指

名词、^例特指

类别表示类别表示“一个（些）”

可数名词单数thebookabookabook

可数名词复数thebooksbookssome/anybooks

不可数名词themilkmilksome/anymilk

普

通

厂名词的分类可数名词词

有

名

与

解

/了X

(J

‘不可数名词X-

名词的数f单数

1复数

名词「

〈名词的格*格、宾格

所蒋格（1）「在词尾加’S

（2）d构成所有格

（3）减重所有格

・名词作定语

P不定冠词（a/an）[7]

冠词X定冠词（the）⑻

[零冠词⑹

1.Hegainedhis_byprinting___offamouswriters.

A.wealth;workB.wealths;works

C.wealths;workD.wealth;work

2.turngreeninspring.

A.LeafB.LeafsC.LeaveD.Leaves

3.Thestormhascaused_totheregion.

A.manydamagesB.muchdamages

C.fewdamagesD.muchdamage

4.What_itis!

A.afineweatherB.fineweatherC.fineweathersD.finewhether

5.—Iwonderwhosebicycleitis.

Itmightbemy___.

A.neighbor'sB.dearneighborC.neighborD.neighbours

6.UncleJackis_.

A.myfatherandmother'sfriendB.myfather'sandmymother'sfriend

C.afriendofmeD.afriendofmymother'sandfather's

7.YeaterdayIwasinvitedtothedinnerat_.

A.TurnersB.theTurnersC.TurnersD.theTurners/

8.The_isjustaroundthecornerandyouwon'tmissit.

A.bicycle'sshopB.bicycleshopC.bicyclesshopD.bicycles'shop

9.--Really?Whowillgiveyou_lecture?Andaboutwhat?

■一________ProfessorChen,apresidentofBeijingUniversityontheenvironment

protection.

A.a;/B.a;theC.the;/D.the;a

10.…Look!Sammyhas__tenseexpressiononherface.

■一Soshedoes.Itseemsthat___newsistrue.

A.a;/B.a;theC.the;/D.the;a

11.Ifyougrowupin__largefamily,youaremorelikelytodevelop___abilityto

getonwellwith___others.

A./;an;theB.a;the;/C.the;an;theD.a;the;the

12.K(k)knowledgeispower.

A.AB.AnC.TheD./

13.Thesuccessofbiddingthe2008OlympicGameshasbeen_greatpleasureand

encouragementto__Chinesepeople.

A.the;theB.a;/C.a;theD./;a

14.—Where's_nearestbookstore?

--There/soneat___endofthestreet.

A.the;anB.a;theC.the;theD.a;an

15.Manypeoplearestillin__habitofwritingsillythingsin___publicplaces.

A.the;theB./;/;C.the;/D./;the

16.TheopeningandreformingpoliciesbegantobeperformedinChinain__1980,s.

A.aB.anC.theD./

二、代词

首先从整体上把握代词的分类:

（1）人称代词（2）物主代词（3）反身代词（4）相互代词（5）指示代词

（6）不定代词（7）疑问代词（8）连接代词（9）关系代词

1.指代人或事物

一、it的用法2.充当形式主语

充当形式宾语

4.用于强调句型

this,that,these,those

二、指示代词that,those与one/ones作替代词的用法

31one/ones作替代词时与that的区别

丫all,each,every的区别

2.noone,nothing,none的区别

■.Both,neither,either

三、不定代词4.many与much

5.some与any

(.some,any,no,every等与一body,-one,Thing构成复合

不定代词

大other,others,theother,another

1.Imadeacalltomyparentsyesterday.Tomydisappointment,___ofthem

answeredit.

A.eitherB.noneC.neitherD.nobody

2.■一ExcusemezbutcanyoutellmewhichroadIshouldtaketothepostoffice?

-_ofthefourroadswilldo.

A.AnyB.NeitherC.BothD.Every

3.Wehaven'tenoughbooksfor__;someofyouwillhavetoshare.

A.somebodyB.anybodyC.everybodyD.nobody

4.SomeofthewheatisfromCanada.Whatabout__?

A.anotherB.theotherC.othersD.therest

5.Idon'tthinkwe'vemetbefore.Youaretakingmefor__.

A.someotherB.someoneelseC.otherpersonD.oneother

6.We'vebeenlookingathousesbuthaven'tfound__welikeyet.

A.oneB.onesC.itD.them

7.There'scookingoilleftinthehouse.Wouldyougotothecornerstoreand

get—?

A.little;someB.little;anyC.alittle;someD.alittle;any

8.—Oneweek'stimehasbeenwasted.

1can'tbelievewedidallthatworkfor__.

A.somethingB.nothingC.everythingD.anything

9.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but_didn'thelp.

A.itB.sheC.whichD.he

10.TheForeignMinistersaid,"_ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowards

peace.”

A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis

11.Thechairmanthought__necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthe

meeting.

A.thatB.itC.thisD.him

12.Ilike__intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.

A.thisB.thatC.itD.one

13.1sawnomorethanonemotorcarinthatshop.Willyougoandbuy__?

一一No,I'dratherfind___inothershops.

A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;it

14.Allofuswantverymuchtoseetheserecommendedmovies,especially__you

referredtojustnow.

A.asB.whichC.theoneD.one

15.—Whatdidtheyoungmancometoyourcompanyfor?

■--Hewantedajob,hehadneverexperiencedbefore.

A.whatB.theoneC.thatD.one

16.Weshouldmake__aruleforusroommatestoturnoffthelightsat10:10pm.

A.itB.thatC.oneD.all

17.Heis__ofanexpertongrowingvegetables.

A.anybodyB.anyoneC.somebodyD.something

18.Didyouhaveanytroublewiththecustoms?

■一________tospeakof.

A.NoneB.NeitherC.NothingD.No

19.—Didyoureachthetopofthemountain?

■一Yes.EvenImyselfdidn'tbelieveIcouldmake__.

A.thatB.itC.myselfD.them

三、形容词与副词

形容词用来修饰、说明名词及名词性成分，描绘人或事物的性质、特征和状态。

副词用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等意

义。大部分形容词和副词都分原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。

］作定语

一、形容词在句中的作用J2;作表语

3.］作状语

4.，乍宾语补足语

二、副词在句中的作用一作状语

1.原绯比较

三、形容词与副词的比较级与最高级［

2.比建级的表达方式

1.一一Didyouhaveagoodtimelastnight?

■一No,Ireturnedhome,___.

A.hungryandangryB.hungerandangerC.hungrilyandangrilyD.hungry,angrily

2.—MustIturnoffthegasaftercooking?

—Ofcourse.Youcanneverbe___carefulwiththat.

A.enoughB.tooC.soD.very

3.AlthoughshedidnotknowBostonwell,shemadeherway__totheHomeCircle

Building.

A.easyenoughB.enougheasyC.easilyenoughD.enougheasily

4.Mr.Smithusedtosmoke__buthehasgivenitup.

A.seriouslyB.heavilyC.badlyD.hardly

5.…HaveyoubeentoNewZealand?

…No.Kdliketo,___.

A.tooB.thoughC.yetD.either

6.Ourneighbourhas__ours.

A.asabighouseasB.asbigahouseasC.thesamebighouseasD.ahouse

thesamebigas

7.Johnisthetallestboyintheclass,__accordingtohimself.

A.fivefooteightastallasB.astallasfivefooteightC.asfivefooteighttallas

D.astallfivefooteightas

8.—Howfarapartdotheylive?

一________Iknow,theyliveinthesameneighbourhood.

A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.AswellasD.Asoftenas

9.—Youdon'tlookvery__.Areyouill?

No,I'mjustabittired.

A.goodB.wellC.strongD.healthy

10.ItisreportedthattheUnitedStatesuses_energyasthewholeofEurope.

A.astwiceB.twicemuchC.twicemuchasD.twiceasmuch

11.Ifitisquite_toyou,IwillvisityounextTuesday.

A.convenientB.fairC.easyD.comfortable

12.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_tocarryallthewayhome.

A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch

13.Itis__workofartthateveryonewantstohavealookatit.

A.asounusualB.suchanunusualC.sounusualD.suchunusual

14.一Thetemperaturetodayis10°Cbelowzero.

Oh.It's___cold.

A.themostB.themoreC.mostD.muchmore

15.--What'stheweatherlikeinwinterhere?

-It's___warmerinwinterherethaninyourhometown.

A.veryB.normalC.quiteD.much

16.Thepatientissupposedtogotothehospitalfor__checks.

A.commonB.normalC.regularD.usual

17.Ashort,thinman,__pastmiddleage,visitedthemanagerandappliedforthe

position.

A.wellB.muchC.tooD.highly

四、动词和动词词组

1.Mostofusknowweshouldcutdownonfat,butknowingsuchthingsisn/tmuch

helpwhenit__shoppingandeating.

A.referstoB.speaksofC.focusesonD.comesto

2.Thedictionaryisbeingprintedanditwillsoon__.

A.turnoutB.comeoutC.startoutD.goout

3.Althoughthewindhas__,therainremainssteady,soyoustillneedaraincoat.

A.turnedupB.gonebackC.dieddownD.blownout

4.Icouldn't__.Thelinewasbusy.

A.gobyB.goaroundC.getinD.getthrough

5.--Thebosssaidwehadonlythreedaystofinishthework.

Don/tworry.Wehavealready___twothirdsofit.

A.gotdownB.gotthroughC.giveninD.givenaway

6.Smokingisbadforyourhealth.

--Yes,Iknow.ButIsimplycan't___.

A.giveitupB.giveitinC.giveitoutD.giveitaway

7.Don'tmentionthatatthebeginningofthestory,oritmay__theshocking

ending.

A.giveawayB.giveoutC.giveupD.giveoff

8.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto__.

A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout

9.Ifyouhad__yourtestpapercarefullybeforehandingitin,youwouldhavemade

fewermistakes.

A.lookedupB.thoughtaboutC.goneoverD.goneround

10.Wouldyouslowdownabit,please?Ican't__you.

A.keepupwithB.putupwithC.makeuptoD.holdonto

11.HappilyforJohn'smother,heisworkingharderto__hislosttime.

A.makeupforB.keepupwithC.catchupwithD.makeuseof

12.EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand__jokes.

A.turningupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup

13.Tokeephealthy,ProfessorJohnson__cyclingasaregularformofexerciseafter

heretired.

A.tookupB.caughtonC.carriedoutD.madefor

14.Helenalwayshelpshermothereventhoughgoingtoschool__mostofherday.

A.takesupB.makesupC.savesupD.putsup

15.Theforestguardsoftenfindcampfiresthathavenotbeen__completely.

A.turneddownB.putoutC.putawayD.turnedover

16.Itwasfoolishofhimto__hisnotesduringthatimportanttest,andasaresult,

hegotpunished.

A.sticktoB.refertoC.keeptoD.pointto

17.Wethoughtofsellingthisoldfurniture,butwe'vedecidedto__it.Itmightbe

valuable.

A.holdontoB.keepupwithC.turntoD.lookafter

18.Thispicturewastakenalongtimeago.Iwonderifyoucan__myfather.

A.findoutB.pickoutC.lookoutD.speakout

19.—WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White?

-He'salreadybeen___.

A.askedforB.sentforC.calledforD.lookedfor

20.Beforethewarbrokeout,manypeople__insafeplacespossessionstheycould

nottakewiththem.

A.threwawayB.putawayC.gaveawayD.carriedout

21.Wedidn'tplanourartexhibitionlikethatbutit__verywell.

A.workedoutB.tiredoutC.wentoutD.carriedout

22.Wewantedtogethomebeforedark,butitdidn'tquite__asplanned.

A.makeoutB.turnoutC.goonD.comeup

23.Itwasnotaseriousillness,andshesoon__it.

A.gotoverB.gotonwithC.gotaroundD.gotoutof

24.1thinkyou'llgrow_himwhenyouknowhimbetter.

A.likingB.tobelikeC.tolikeD.tobeliking

25.Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It'stimeforusto___ourstudies.

A.getdowntoB.getoutC.getbackforD.getover

26.Thetrafficlights___greenandIpulledaway.

A.cameB.grewC.gotD.went

五、动词的时态和语态

一、谓语用来表示动作发生时间、存在状态的各种形式称为时态，英语中存在16种时

态，高考大纲中要求掌握8种时态：

表一动词的时态（TenseofVerb）

时态具体用法例句备注

1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的1.Wegotoschoolat7如果主句是将来时，

一状态或特征，经常与often,always,a.m.everyday.在时间或条件状语丛

般

Usually,some­2.Theearthmovesround句中要用一般现在时

现

times等时间状语连用。thesun.

在表示将来时1如例

客观事实，普遍真理。3.Ifyouseeher,willyou

时2.3o

3.格言警句。构成：除第三人称单数加tellhertocome?

s外，其它均用动词原形（be和have例

外）

1.Maryisstudyinginthe现在进行时表示将

现

1.说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的room.来，意为“意图，打

在

动作或状态，常与now等词连用。2.Peterisalwayshelping算，安排"，常用

进

表示感情色彩。构成：others.人，常用的词为：

行2.

3.Areyoustayingheretill

时am/is/are+doingcome,go,start,

nextweek?arrive,leave,stay等，

如例3。

表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或存在1.Todayweshallhaveashall用于第一人称,

一的状态，常与tomorrow,nexttime等词report.w川用于第二、三人

般连用。构成：2.1amgoingtoattenda称。

将

1.shall/will+domeeting.

来3.Wearetobebackby

时2.am/is/aregoingtodo

3.am/is/areto+donineo'clock.

4.am/is/areaboutto+do（一般不与确切4.Thefilmisaboutto

的将来时间状语连用）begin.

现

1.表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连l.Hehasjustcomeback.在"It/Thisisthe...time

在

用。2.Hehasbeenillforthreethat...”句型中,从句

完

表示动作发生在过去，但其结果或影days.中用现在完成时，如

成2.

3.Itisthefirsttime1have

时响与现在情况仍有联系，常与since和例3.

for连用。构成：have/has+donevisitedthecity.

l.usedto+do表示过

去经常但现在已不再

1.表示过去的动作或状态。l.Shehadaheadachelast持续的习惯动作，to

般2.表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作night.为不定式，后接动词

过或过去曾经存在过的状态。2.Sheusedtoloveanimals原形，如例2.

去构成：动词用过去式verymuch.2.beusedto+doing

时3.Heisusedtolivinghere.表示习惯于，to是介

词，后加名词或动名

词，如例3o

l.Theboywasdoinghiscome,start,stayjeave

过

表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在homeworkwhenhis等动词的过去进行时

去

发生的动作。fathercameback.态可用于表示过去的

进

构成：2.Theywantedtoknow将来要发生的动作，

行was/were+doing

whenwewereleavingfor如例。

时2

Shanghai.

过

从过去看将来要发生的动作或存在的状l.Hesaidhewouldcallfor

去

态，在句中或上下文一般要有一个可以youattheweekend.主要用于宾语从句

将

参照的过去的起点时间。2.Theywantedtoknow中。

来

构成：whenyouwouldfinishthe

时should/would+do

article

1.Marxhadlearntalittle

Englishbeforehecame有时，尽管两个动作

过

表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动toLondon.有先后，但它们之间

去

作，即发生在“过去的过去”。2.Shesaidthattheschool的时间间隔短，往往

完

构成：hadchangedalotsince没必要用过去完成

成had+done

shecame.

时时，如例3»

3.Beforetheyleftthe

room,theyturnedoffthe

lights.

二、语态指的是主语和谓语动词间的关系。英语上分为主动语态和被动语态，当主语

是动作执行者时，动词用主动语态形式；当主语是谓语动作承受者时，动词用被动语

态。

表二被动语态(ThePassiveVoice)

一、被动语态十种时态（以ask为例）

类别一般时态进行时态完成时态

am/is/are+doneam/is/are+beingdoneHave/has+beendone

现在1amasked.1ambeingasked.1havebeenasked.

was/were+donewas/were+beingdonehadbeendone

过去Hewasasked.Hewasbeingasked.Hehadbeendone.

shall/will+bedoneshall/will+havebeendone

将来Shewillbeasked.Shewillhavebeenasked.

should/would+bedoneshould/would+havebeendone

过去将来Weshouldbeasked.Weshouldhavebeenasked.

二、主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况

情况例句

1.宾语是反身代词Lisacanseeherselfinthemirror.

2.谓语是表示状态的及物动词Doesthispairofshoessuityou?

3.谓语起状语作用，表示数量、重量、程度、大小Thejadeweighsonekilogram.

4.宾语是不定式或动名词Weenjoyplayingcardsintheevening.

5.感官动词表示状态或结果Thesouptastessour.

1.Gladtoseeyouback.Howlong__inRussia?

A.didyoustayB.haveyoustayedC.wereyoustayingD.haveyoubeenstaying

2.--John,whydidyoumakenoreplytomewhenIcalledyournameinthestreet

justnow?

■一Sorry,Jim.I___tomywifeonthephone.

A.wastalkingB.talkedC.amtalkingD.hadtalked

3.Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation;itwassonear.

--Yes.Ataxi___atallnecessary.

A.wasn'tB.hadn'tbeenC.wouldn'tbeD.won'tbe

4.Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe_hereanymore.

A.hasn'tlivedB.didn'tliveC.hadn'tlivedD.doesn'tlive

5.■一Idon'tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.

—Well,surprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand___now.

A.hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestionedC.isquestioningD.hasquestioned

6.Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren_skatingonthefrozenrivereverySunday

afternooninwinter.

A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing

7.■一Ididn'tgotoMary'spartylastnightbecausemycarbrokedown.

--Youcouldhaveborrowedmine.I___it.

A.hadn'tusedB.wasn'tusingC.didn'tuseD.wouldn'tuse

9.一一Areyoustillsmoking?

--No,bynextMondayI___forawholemonthwithoutsmokingasinglecigarette.

A.willbeB.willhavegoneC.willhavebeenD.hasbeengoing

10.Noneofthem_thethingirlcouldkeepherendupandcameoutfirstinthe

internationalmarathon.

A.havepredictedB.wouldpredictC.werepredictedD.hadpredicted

11.-HaveyouseenMichaelrecently?

--Yes,infactIsawhimthismorning.1___himfortwoyears.

A.haven'tseenB.hadn'tseenC.didn'tseeD.don'tsee

12.Mywatch_atnineo'clock,butnowit___.

A.went;stoppedB.wasgoing;stoppedC.went;isstoppingD.wasgoing;has

stopped

13.1wasnowattractedbybooks.Bytheendofthatsummer,I__overtwenty

novels.

A.willhavereadB.havereadC.hadreadD.hasread

14.Shetoldmeshe_thePartytwoyearsbefore.

A.joinedB.hadjoinedC.wasjoiningD.hadbeenjoined

15.Thiskindofglassesmadebyexperiencedcraftsmen_comfortably.

A.iswornB.wearingC.wearsD.areworn

16.1_Yogalessonseverytwodays,butIthinkKIImakeiteverydayfromnext

month.

A.amhavingB.havehadC.haveD.havebeenhaving

17.--MayIremindyouthataMr.Wangiswaitingoutside,sir?

—Oh,that'sright.I___aboutit.

A.forgetB.forgotC.hadforgottenD.haveforgotten

18.Onthestageinatheatre,whereaconcert__zsomeyoungpeoplewerebusily

settingthemusicalinstruments.

A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld

六、非谓语动词

非谓语动词，顾名思义。指在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，有三种形式：不定

式、动名词、分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。

形式^\主语宾语宾/主补足语表语定语状语

不定式VVVVVV

动名词VVVV

分词VVVV

表三动词不定式(Infinitive)

说明例句备注

类别

当作主语的l.ltisimpossibleto1.带有forsb.的不定式作主语，通常用表示客

不定式短语finishsomuch观事实的形容词，

较长时，常homeworkinaweek.$U:easy,difficult,hardjmportant,impossible等，

不定式用it作形式2.Itisnecessaryfor如例2。

作主语主语，将真youtolockthecar2.带有ofsb.的不定式短语作主语通常用表示

正的主语放whenyoudonotuse主观情感或态度的形容词，如：

在谓语后it.careful,clever,foolish,good,impolite,kind,nice

3.Itwasfoolishofusto

面。等，如例3o

believehim.

不定式常在1.1wanttodoit

某些动词后myself.1.有些动词后常用it作形式宾语而把真正的宾

不定式面作宾语，2.1finditimpossibleto语放在宾语补足语之后，常用的动词有

作宾语如:like,wantfinishsomuchfind,think,consider,feel,make等，如例2。

,decide,askhomeworkinaday.

等；

不定式不定式常用1.Helikesthemtoask

作宾补在下列动词questionslikethis.

后作宾语补2.Didyouseetheboys

足语：love,playintheparkyester­在一些动词后常用不带to的不定式作宾语补

teach,tell,geday?足语，如:make,let,hear,watch,see,notice,feel

t,invite,beg,f等，如例2。

orce,allow,w

antjike

等。

不定式可放l.Myworkistoclean

在系动词后theroomeveryday.

不定式用等词作主语时，

面作表语，2.Hisplanistodoitbusinesszwishzidea,planjob

作表语如：be,seemtomorrow.常用不定式作表语，如例2。

remain等，

用来说明主

语的内容。

不定式有时1.1havealotofwork

不定式起形容词作todo.不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰词后。

作定语用修饰名词2.Thereisnotimeto

或代词。lose.

l.Heisluckytoget

不定式在句hereontime.

中可以充当2.Hecametohelpme1.so...as...和such...as…后接动词不定式表示结

不定式状语，表示withmywork.果，如例3o

作状语原因、目3.Heransofastasto2.enough常和动词不定式连用表示结果，如

的、结果。catchthefirstbus.例4。

4.Heisoldenoughto

jointhearmy.

感官动词和1.1sawhimgointomake和have只有作使役动词时才能省略

使役动词的thenextroom.tOo

宾语补足2.Sheletusmeether

语，通常省atthestation.

略to。感官3.1wouldhavehim

动词如：waitforme.

feel,hear,se

e,observe,n

otice等；

使役动词

如:let,make,

have等。

当两个或两

个以上的不

定式并列在

一起时（尤1.1promisedtofinish

不定式其是用连词myhomeworkand

handitinontime.存在对照关系时，，不能省略。,如例。

省略toand或or连t2

2.Itsbettertolaugh

的几种接时），第

thantocry.

情况二个不定式

to可以省

略。

当介词but,l.Whatdoeshelike

except,besidtodobesidesread

es,can'tnovels?

choose2.Theenemycando

but,can'tnothingbutgivein.

help3.Theenemyhaveno

but,can'tchoicebuttogivein.

but,haveno

choicebut

前面有实义

动词do

时，不定式

在介词后面

可以省略

too

动词不定式l.Shehelpedher

在help后motherpreparefor

作宾语时，dinner.

可以带to,2.Thiskindofsoap

也可以不带willhelpustowash

tOotheclothesmore

easily.

动词不定式1.1listentotheradio

在listento,broadcastsongs.

lookat后作2.Itisveryinteresting