不与定冠词连用时

TableManners

Chinavs.AmericaEatingHabitsinChinaWheneatingriceholdbowlclosetomouthEatlightlyatmeals,couldbeupto20coursesEatingHabitsinAmericaFoodispassedtotherightTrylittleofeverythingKeeptableclothcleanFoodliftedtomouthRepulsivetotalkwithmouthfullNoelbowsontableChina’sChopsticksChopsticksforeatingricePoliteiftrytousechopsticksBadluckinsetparallelontopofbowl,ordroppedRudeifchopsticksarestuckstraightupinbowl

AmericansUtensilsOnlyspoonprovidedissoupspoonSaladforkhasthickertine

MostinnerforkandknifeareformeatIfteaorcoffeeisgoingtobeservedateaspoonwillbebroughtoutwithitChineseHotTowel

HottowelisprovidedatendofmealSoonecanwipehandsandmouthatendofmeal

AmericanNapkinOnceseatedputnapkinonlapOnlymeanttodabthelipsandnotgetdirtyAftermealplacenapkinlooselynearplateNapkinshouldnotbecrumpledortwistedAtinformaloccasionisusedtocleanupmessthatoccurredduringmealChineseTableMannersNotrudetoreachinfrontofsomeonetograbsomethingPolitetoreachforfoodwithchopsticksChinesehostliketoputfoodonyourplateforyouPlacebonesorseedsindifferentdishYourhostwillfillupyourdishifitisemptyAmericanTableMannersFoodispassedaroundthetableIfsomethingisoutofyourreach,youaskpolitelyforsomeonetopassittoyouNotrudetoleaveplatefullNotrudetoleaveyourplateemptyNotrudetotakelastitemoffdishSpecialOccasionsinChinaBigelaboratemealsUsuallyheldatrestaurantsthatconsistof10ormorecoursesRiceisnotservedSpecialOccasionsinAmericaUsuallyonlygatherforspecialoccasionsorholidaysFamiliestravelacrosscountryforspecialmealsExtracookingandpreparingMaincontentThisessayisawell-organizedpieceofargumentation.Themainideathattheauthorarguesforisthatgoodmannershelpyoubuildupyourownimageandworkwondersforthepersononthereceivingend.

WritingstyleNarration()Description()Exposition()Argumentation()Thisessayisapieceofargumentationonthenecessityandsignificanceofgoodmanners.

divisionPart1Part2Part3Part4(Para1)(Para2-4)(Para5-10)(Para11)Structureanalysisofthetext(3)Para1Inparagraph1,thewriterstatesandprovethatmanypeopleinpresenttimesarenotaspoliteaspeopleinthepast.HeconvincinglyillustratesthissocialphenomenonwithspecificimpolitemannerssheseesinNewYork.Structureanalysisofthetext(4)Para2-4Inthesethreeparagraphs,thewriterputsforwardandbearsout(证实)thefollowingviewpoint:Youcannotbetrulystylishwithoutgoodmanners,goodmannersareasortofhiddenbeautysecretandaddspricelesslytoyourimage.Structureanalysisofthetext(5)Para5-10Thewriterstatesandexpoundsthegreatpowerofsometypicalgoodmanners,sheexplainsthoseonthereceivingend.Also,thewriterreasonablyexplainsandvividlyillustratesthegoodeffectspolitemannershaveonourownfamilymembers.Structureanalysisofthetext(6)Para11Thewriteradvanceshisopinionthatgoodmannersareinfectiousandexpresseshersincerewishthateveryonewouldbepoliteandshowgoodmanners.BackgroundInformationCaryGrantDateofBirth18January1904,Horfield,Bristol,England,UK

DateofDeath29November1986,Davenport,Iowa,USAAmoviestarveryfamousforhiscombinationofvirility,sexualityandbearingofagentlemanDateofBirth:16September1924,NewYork,USALaurenBacallAmoviestarveryfamousforherbeautyandgracefulmanners.vocabularyI’dcomplimentedheronatanearliergathering.Complimentsb.onsth.意为“为某事赞美某人”Complimentsb.withsth意为“赠送某人某物以表祝贺”Compliment,implement,complementandsupplementvocabularyImplement:名词为“工具”；动词为“贯彻，实施”Complement名词为“补充物”；动词为“补充”Compliment名词和动词都为“赞美，夸奖”supplement名词和动词都为“增补，补充”Manner&MannersManner:

formal,thewayinwhichsomethingisdoneorhappensmannerof(doing)something

Itseemedratheranoddmannerofdecidingthings.Hefeltsomeguiltoverthemannerofherdeath.Manners:[plural] politewaysofbehavinginsocialsituationshavegood/badmannersit'sgood/badmannerstodosomethingperfect/impeccablemannerstablemanners(=thepolitewayofeatingatatable)mindyourmanners(=usedtotellsomeonetobehavepolitely)somebodyhasnomanners(=someoneoftenbehavesinawaythatisnotpolite)rememberforget/yourmannerswhereareyourmanners? …letthempulloutintotraffic.Pullout1.Toleaveordepart离开火车在中午出发Thetrainpullsoutatnoon.2.Towithdraw,asfromasituationorcommitment退缩；从某种境况或承诺中撤出。股市暴跌之后，华尔街的许多投资者都撤资了。Afterthestockcrash,manyWallStreetinvestorspulledout.pullouttodriveontoaroadfromanotherroadorfromwhereyouhavestopped:Don'tpullout!There'ssomethingcoming.todriveovertoadifferentpartoftheroadinordertogetpastavehicleinfrontofyou:Ipulledouttoovertakeabus.ifatrainpullsout,itleavesastation[≠pullin]Pulldown毁坏；拆毁pulloff(车辆或司机)驶向路边短暂停车；完成（困难的事情）pullup停车；停止Getaway1)succeedinleavingThemeetingdraggedon,andIdidn'tgetawayuntilseven.2)escape,esp.fromthesceneofacrime;Weknewitwouldn'tbeeasytogetawayfromthepolice.getawaywithmurder informal tonotbepunishedfordoingsomethingwrong:Someofthosechildrengetawaywithmurder!对不起，我迟到了，我刚才在开会脱不开身。I’msorryI’mlate;Iwasatameetingandcouldn’tgetaway.Elevator,liftandescalatorElevator(AmE)Lift(BrE)escalator…wecan’tbetrulystylishwithoutgoodmannersManner既可以用作单数，也可用作复数，但其意义有所不同。用作单数时意思为：方法，方式；态度；种类。如：Idon’tobjecttowhatshesay,butIstronglydisapproveofhermannerofsayingit.用作复数时，该词的意思为：礼貌；规矩；习惯；风俗如：It’sbadmannerstostareatpeople.Manner一词还可构成许多习语。Allmannerofsb/sth各种各样的Inamannerofspeaking不妨说，可以说，在某种意义上说Byany/nomannerofmeans一点都不；绝不[as(if)]tothemannerborn生来就惯于做某事appreciationpleasureyoufeelwhenyourealizesomethingisgood,useful,orwelldoneafeelingofbeinggratefulforsomethingsomeonehasdoneanunderstandingoftheimportanceormeaningofsomething arealisticappreciationofthesituation在音乐会上，每当一位歌手唱完一首美妙动听的歌曲时，观众边高声喝彩表示赞赏。Attheconcertwheneverasingerfinishedsingingabeautifulsong,theaudiencewouldburstintoloudcheerstoshowtheirappreciation.她对好音乐没有或鲜有鉴赏能力。Sheshowsnoorlittleappreciationofgoodmusic.TheybecomeCaryGrantorLaurenBacallrightbeforeoureyes.right:1.exactly;just恰当地；正好事故正好发生在那里Theaccidenthappenedrightoverthere.2.Immediately我得去接电话，马上就回来。Imustanswerthatphone,butI’llberightback.3.Alltheway;completely这个梨烂透了。Thepearwasrottenrightthrough.一直走到这条路的尽头Gorighttotheendoftheroad.graciousbehavinginapolite,kind,andgenerousway,especiallytopeopleofalowerrankShewasgraciousenough

toaccepthisencouragement.Itwasgraciousofyoutobearusinmind.Be

graciousto/towardseveryoneyoumeet.gracious(me)!/goodgracious!/goodnessgracious!old-fashioned usedtoexpresssurpriseortoemphasize'yes'or'no‘havingthekindofexpensivestyle,comfort,andbeautythatonlyrichpeoplecanafford:agraciousmanorhouse（庄园）amagazineabout graciouslivingOfcourse,saying“Thankyou.”doeswondersforthepersononthereceivingendtoo.Dowondersfor:workwondersfor;createwondersfor;beremarkablysuccessfulinachievingpositiveresultsfor.创造令人惊奇的事。这音乐会对你的闷闷不乐产生神奇的功效Thismusicwilldowondersforyourdepression.…...不足为奇，并不奇怪（it’s）no/little/smallwonder(that)…host

MrBrownwasourhostattheparty.布朗先生是我们晚会的主人。"客队和主队各赢一场,现在他们两队打平了。“"Thehostteamandtheguestteamwoneachofthegames,sotheywereevenwitheachother."东道国/主ahostcountry/cityrecipeasetofinstructionsforcookingaparticulartypeoffoodrecipefor: arecipefortomatosouparecipebookbearecipeforsomething:methodforachievingsth.你取得成功有什么窍门？Whatisyourrecipeforsuccess?她的计划后患无穷Herplansarearecipefordisaster.Itwasadelightfulorpleasantgesturethatmakesmefeelverygoodandputmeinanecstaticstateofmind.Itwassomethingverynicethatdelightmeimmenselyandmademefeelwonderful.Mood:thestateoffeelingsormindataparticulartime他心情不好。He'sinoneofhismoods.喜怒无常的人amanofmoods[口]心情不好,在生气beinamood不想做某事,无意做某事innomoodforsth.[todosth.]想做某事;有做某事的兴致beinthe[a]moodforsth.[todosth.]心肠软化,易受感动beinameltingmood感动得要哭,热泪盈眶beinthemeltingmoodIbet./Youbet.usedtosaythatyouarefairlysurethatsomethingistrue,somethingishappeningetc,althoughyoucannotprovethis:Ibetyoushewon'tcome.usedtoshowthatyoudonotbelievewhatsomeonehasjusttoldyou:'I'mdefinitelygoingtogiveupsmoking

thistime.'

'Yeah,Ibet!‘youbet! Spokenusedtoemphasizethatyouagreewithsomeoneorarekeentodowhattheysuggest:'GoingtothepartyonSaturday?''Youbet!'ButIdidn’twanttoletanotherdaygobywithouttellingyouhowmuchIenjoyedyourpartyGoby1.pass;elapse2.Beguidedordirectedbysth.听从；遵照，依照别听她的Don’tgobywhatshesays.3.Formanopinionorajudgmentfromsth.按照…判断，凭…判断从他的穿着打扮来看，他准是从南方来的。Goingbywhathewears,hemusthavecomefromthesouth.I’llevendothisforahotelbellman…Bellman:bellhop旅馆服务人员。bellman…thatmakeshislifeaweebiteasier.Aweebit:alittlebit;verysmall尽管他喝了很多酒，可他觉得没有一点醉意。Heisnotfeelingaweebitdrunk,thoughhehasbeendrinkingquitealotofalcohol.Similarly,…willgoalongway.Goalongway:beverysuccessful像你这样聪明的人一定很有作为Someoneasintelligentasyoushouldgoalongway/gofar.Acarry-onbag(forpassenger)barrelalargecurvedcontainerwithaflattopandbottom,madeofwoodormetal,andusedforstoringbeer,wineetc:Barrel(verb)AmericanEnglish informaltomoveveryfast,especiallyinanuncontrolledway:Avehicle

barreledoutof

ashoppingcenterandcrashedintothesideofmycar.aisleaislegenuinesomeonewhoisgenuineishonestandfriendlyandyoufeelyoucantrustthemthegenuinearticle:somethingthatisrealandisnotacopyintendedtodeceivepeopleagenuinefeeling,desireetcisonethatyoureallyfeel,notoneyoupretendtofeel[=sincere]getintothehabitofdoingsth改掉做某事的习惯break/kickthehabitofdoingsthMeltawayCausesomethingtodisappearbymeltingordissolvingThesunhasmeltthesnowaway.Allhissupportmeltedawaywhenwereallyneededit.一会，她便不生气了。Herangerhasmeltedawayinasecond.警察到达后，示威的人群逐渐散开。Thecrowdofdemonstratorsmeltedawaywhenthepolicearrived.Mostpeopleinthemodernworld____freedomandindependencemorethananythingelse.(CET-6,2003,6月)cherish2.Childrenandoldpeopledonotlikehavingtheirdaily______upset.(CET-4,2003,6月）routine3.Myfatherseemedtobeinno____tolookatmyschoolreport.(CET-4,2001,1月)mood4.Pleasedonotbe______byhisoffensiveremarkssinceheismerelytryingtoattractattention.(CET-6,2002,1月）Irritated5.Shewastoo____andwon’tmakeenoughmoney.(TEM-4,2007阅读)generous6.Thecityhasan

ofitshistoricpast(TEM-4,2008阅读)appreciationSentencesAgraciousmannernotonlysetsanexcellentexampleforyourchildrenandgrandchildrenbutitaddspricelesspanachetoyourimage.Notonly…but(also)…意为“不但…而且”，其强调重点在后。此结构讲究对称，即用来连接两个相同的并列成分。其用法如下：1.连接两个平行的主语（注意谓语动词的选用），例如：Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherisintheclassroom.(就近原则)2.连接两个平行的谓语（注意这两个平行的谓语不可是同一动词）TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebutalsosharealargenumberofsocialcustoms.3.连接两个平行的宾语，表语，状语，和定语等。4.连接句子。例如Inotonlyheardit,butalsoIsawit.连接句子时，notonly常置于句首表示强调，这时第一部分常采用倒装结构。例如Notonlydoesthesungiveuslight,butitalsogivesusheat.5.用于itis…that/who强调结构中。例如：Itisnotonlythescientistswhoneedalongspecialtrainingnow,butthecomputerexperts.6.Notonly…butalso…中的also可以省略，连接句子时，该结构有时也可以见到省略but甚至butalso的情况。Notonlyhasshebeenanexcellentwife,shehasbeenabettermotherthanIwillneverbe.7.Notonly…butalso…形式比较固定，但也会出现but与also被分隔出来的情况。Notonlythemotherbutthechildrenarealsosick.Justaspowerfulasathank-younoteis…As…as意为“和…一样”，表示同级比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词。

其否定形式为notso/as+adj/adv+asButwhensomeonedoesstopandturnaroundandgenuinelyapologizes,doesn’titmeltaway…本句中作者运用does+动词原形表示强调。在一般句型中，do(does,did)常用来强调谓语动词的语气，在句中要重读，且须符合下列两条件。1.句子是肯定句。2.句子中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般过去时。Nowifwecouldjustgeteveryonetocatchthem.此句相当于一个由ifonly引导并省略了only的虚拟感叹句，表示“要是…就好了”之意，表示一种遗憾，或说话人的一种愿望，希望发生与事实相反的情况。praisevs.complimentTopraisesomeoneorsomethingistoexpressapprovalfortheirachievementsorqualities;tocomplimentoftenappliestopraisegiveninsincerelyasanemptyformalityorasaself-interestedgesture,aswellastoagenuineadmiration,andthiswordoftenappearsinthestructure“complimentsomebodyonsomething.”appreciatevs.enjoyEnjoyistofindpleasureandsatisfactionindoingsth,andoftenappearsinthestructureof“enjoyoneself”,meaning“takepleasureinasituationoneisin”.Appreciatemeans“tobethankfulorgratefulforsth”,aswellas“tolikeorvaluesomethingforitsgoodqualities”preciousvs.pricelessThedifferencebetweenthesetwowordscanbeverysubtle.Whilepreciousemphasizesthefactthatsomethingisvaluable,rareandimportant,andshouldnotbewasted,lostorusedbadly;pricelessreferstosomethingthatisworthalotofmoney,orthatcannotbecalculatedinmonetaryterms.noticevs.seeNoticesuggeststhetakingin,almostbychance,ofasmalldetailthatmayyetbeimportanttosomelargerpattern.Itcanbealsobeusedintheimperativeasacalltoattendtosomesmalldetailthatmightotherwisebeoverlooked.Seeisageneralwordtosuggestanaccidentalordeliberateviewingofanoccurrenceanditcarriesfewconnotationsbeyondthosethecontextmaygiveit.Other:adj:另一的;其余的,其他的指两个之中另一个的或另外一些、其他所有的.修饰单数名词时，前面须有其他修饰语；修饰复数名词时，则不论前面有无其他修饰语。也可作代词，意思是“另一个人或物”、“另外的人或者物”、“其他的人（或）物”。与定冠词连用时，表示另一个人或物。其复数形式与定冠词连用时，表示其余所有人或物;不与定冠词连用时，表示另外的一些人或物。OthertheotherotherstheothersAnother:adj又一的，再一的；不同的．一般修饰单数名词。也可以和基数词一起，修饰表示度量、时间等意义的复数名词；在这种情况下，词类复数名词往往被看作一个整体。也可以作代词，“另一个”，“又一个”。１.IamsorryIamlate;Iwasatameetingandcouldn’tgetaway.2.Attheconcertwheneverasingerfinishedsingingabeautifulsong,theaudiencewouldburstintoloudcheerstoshowtheirappreciation.3.Asastylishdresser,sheisalwayswearingstylishclothes,butsheseldomcaresaboutwhatsheeatsordrinks.4.Thenursetellsmethatthedoctorshavedonewondersforyourheartdisease.5.Whenawardingtheprize,thechairmancomplimentedthewinneronhisgreatcontributiontomankind.6.Thisproblemhasbotheredtheexpertsformanyyears.7.Thecrowdofdemonstratorsmeltedwaywhenthepolicearrived.8.Sincepunctualityisagoodhabit,weshouldpaymuchattentiontoitandmakegreateffortstocultivatethisgoodhabit.9.Theoldmancherishesthatgirl,asifshewerehisowndaughter.10.Itisjustaroutinephysicalcheckup,nothingtogetworriedabout.ComprehensionquestionsofTextII(1)1.Whatistheauthor’sexplanationforthedangerandthehostilityoftheworld?Heworriesaboutthenegativeeffectsofviolentcrime,theravageofinhumanity,crueltyandintolerance,etc.onourchildren.

2.Whatevidencedoestheauthortoprovidethatbasichumanvaluesaredeclining?Parentsandteachersmustcontendoftenwithdisturbinglevelsofadolescentaggression,profanity,anddisrespect.ComprehensionquestionsofTextII(2)3.

Whichweaknessoftheeducationalsystemiscitedasbeingresponsibleforadolescentaggression,profanity,anddisrespect?Someparentsdonotrealizetheirresponsibilitytoteachtheirchildrenwhereassometeachersmaybeethicallybystanders.4.

WhatdoestheauthorthinkallpeopleatNewFairfieldHighSchoolshoulddotomaintainamoralcommunity?Theyshouldallbepoliteandtolerantofindividualdifferences.ComprehensionquestionsofTextII(3)5.Apartfromlackofresponsibility,doyouthinkthattheauthorisalsocriticizingsomeparents’attitudetowardstheteacher?Citeanexampletoprovethis.Yes.Forinstance,astudent’sparenttoldtheauthorthatthewordshis/herchildhaduseddidn’thurtanybodyandthattheauthorwastoofault-findingwiththechild’svocabulary.6.

Whatvaluedoestheauthorthinkshouldbetaughttostudents?Theauthorthinksthatstudentsshouldbetaughtcommonvaluesofcourtesy,mutualrespectandpersistence,responsibility,andself-reliance.ComprehensionquestionsofTextII(4)7.

Whatistheauthor’sconceptionofasuccessfuleducator?Aneducatorcanbeconsideredsuccessfullyonlywhenhisstudentsgraduatednotonlyassuccessfullearnersbutalsoaswell-behavedcitizen.8.Whatareyourideasofaneducator’smoralresponsibility?However,attimesthisbalanceinnatureis____,resultinginanumberofpossiblyunforeseeneffects.(CET-4,2004,6月)disturbed2.Thatirritatingmanisfortunatetohavesucha______wife.(CET-4,2002,1月）Tolerant3.Theyhavealwaysregardedamanof____andfairnessasareliablefriend.(CET-4,2003,6月)Integrity4.Recentlytherehavebeen______conflictsbetweenstudentsanduniversityauthoritiesinmanycountries.(CET-4,2003,1月）violentUnit5

HowtoBeTruetoYourself

Pre-readingquestions

1.Haveyoulearnedanymottoesfromyourparentsorgrandparents?2.Doyouhaveanymottoes?Backgroundinformation(1)谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后.---毛泽东谦固美名，过谦者，宜防其诈.---朱熹不傲才以骄人，不以宠而作威.---诸葛亮尺有所短；寸有所长。物有所不足；智有所不明.---屈原Backgroundinformation(2)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

ThomasEdison,Americaninventor

有志者，事竟成。

美国发明家爱迪生.T.Geniusonlymeanshard-workingallone'slife.

Mendeleyev,Russianchemist

天才只意味着终身不懈地努力。

俄国化学家门捷列耶夫

Backgroundinformation(3)Thereisbutonestepfromthesublimetotheridiculous.

崇高与荒谬仅一步之遥。——NapoleonSmoothrunsthewaterwherethebrookisdeep.

静水流深。——ShakespeareBackgroundinformation(4)Allthesplendorintheworldisnotworthagoodfriend.

Voltaire,Frenchthinker人世间所有的荣华富贵不如一个好朋友。

法国思想家伏尔泰Economyisinitselfasourceofgreatrevenue.

LuciusAnnaeusSeneca,AncientRomanPhilosopher节约本身就是最大的收入.

罗马哲学家西尼加，L.A.P1–2Integrityisgettingscarcer.P3-14ThreeprinciplesoftheIntegrityTriad.thefirstprinciple(2-7);thesecondprinciple(8-11);thethirdprinciple(12-14)P15Conclusion

mottoashortsentenceorafewwordstakenastheguidingprincipleofaperson,ofaschool,ofanorganization,etc.座右铭,箴言

1.“Thinkbeforeyouact”ismymotto.“三思而后行”是我的座右铭。

2.Ioftenwinmoneyatcardsbutneversaveapenny`easycome,easygo'ismymotto.我玩纸牌经常赢,可一分钱也存不住--我的俗话是｀来得容易,去得快＇.Synonyms:adage,maxim,proverb,saying

integrityhonestyortrustworthiness;completeness诚实,正直,完整,完善

1.Youcantrusthim;heisamanofcompleteintegrity.你可以相信他，他是一个刚正不阿的人。2.Ourintegrityasanationisthreatenedbytheseseparatistforces.我们国家的完整受到了这些分裂主义势力的威胁。collocations:inone’sintegrity完整,原封未动

Therewasnoin-betweenIn-between:amiddlepositionwhichisbetweentwoverydifferentones.中间道路，折衷青少年时期是一个尴尬的过度时期Adolescenceisanawkwardin-betweenage.Integrityisinshortsupplytoday.Inshortsupply:lacking;notplentiful非洲粮食短缺FoodisinshortsupplyinAfrica.Bottomline:themostimportantfactor关键是你要用功学习Thebottomlineisthatyoushouldworkhard.MoreaboutbottomlineBottomline原义是指财务帐目表上最下面的那一行或那一行上写的表示盈亏的数目。Thebottomlinefor1999waspre-taxprofitof$5million.2005年公司的财务状况是税前利润500万.Saleslastmonthfailedtoaddtothecompany’sbottomline.上个月的销售额没能使公司的盈利增加。Moreaboutbottomline对于公司来说，盈亏自然是件大事，所以，bottomline的第二个定义为：thedecidingorcrucialfactor；themostimportantfactorthatmustbeaccepted,howeverreluctantlyorevenifyoumaynotlikeit.这里强调的是两点：1.重要、关键和决定性。2.无法回避，必须考虑和接受Thebottomlineisthatwehavetoincreaseoursalesortakeacutinpay.关键问题是我们必须增加销售额Ifyoudon’tmakeaprofit,yougooutofbusiness:that’sthebottomline.如果不赢利，你就会破产：这是必须面对的现实。Thinkofthepatient1.Takeintoaccount;haveinone’smind(考虑)我不可能在做决定前把一切考虑周全。Ican’tthinkofeverythingbeforeImakethedecision.2.Havethoughtsconcerning(sthorsb)（想到）看到这幅画你联想到什么？Whatdoyouthinkofwhenyouseethepicture?3.Imaginesthordoingsth我倒想买下它，可想象一下那花费把！I’dliketobuyit,butthinkoftheexpanse!Alwaysgiveotherscreditthatisrightfullytheirs.Give(the)credit:give(someone)praise(forsth)他因工作出色而受到赞扬。Hewasgivencreditforhiswork.DavidOgilvy,…,madethispointtohisnewlyappointedofficeheadsbysendingeachofthemaRussiannestingdollwithfiveprogressivelysmallerfiguresinside.DavidOgilvy,…,explainedthispointtohisofficeheadswhowereappointednotlongagobysendingeachofthemaRussiannestingdollwhichcontainedfivedollsthatwereonebyonesmaller.大卫.奥格威，…，他曾通过这样的方式来清楚表达自己的观点。他给新任命的办公室主任们每人发了一个俄罗斯娃娃，这种娃娃有一个口袋巢，里面套一个小一点的娃娃，这个娃娃的口袋巢里又套一个更小一点的，这样一连套了五个。behonestandopenaboutwhoyoureallyareBeyourselfanddon’tpretend.Whenitistough,doittoughTakethingsastheycome.Difficultiesareinevitable;weshouldbebravetoovercomethem.既来之则安之。Whenyouaredoingtherightthing,youcan’tbackdown.Backdown:giveup;makecompromiseSincemostofthepeoplepresentagreedwithme,shehadtobackdown.大多数到会的人都同意我的观点，她只好放弃原来的意见了。Alifeofprinciple,ofnotsuccumbingtotheseductivesirensofaneasymorality,willalwayswintheday.Alifeofprinciple:akindoflife,inwhichthereisprinciple.Wintheday(alsocarry/gaintheday):succeed.Easymorality:moralitythatbringsimmediatebenefit.…withouthavingtocheckyourtracksinarear-viewmirror.Withoutlookingbackatwhatyouhavedone…不必回首你的人生轨迹。

expediencyalsospeltexpedience;beingusefulorhelpfulforapurpose,esp.one’sownpurposeoradvantage,althoughnotnecessarilymorallycorrect

权宜,方便,私利

1.Allhisactionsaregovernedbyexpediency.他所有的行动都是一种权宜之计。

2.Heactedfromexpediency,notfromprinciple.他为求达到目的,丧失了原则.3.Anambitiouspolitician,guidedbyexpediencyratherthanprinciple.一个有野心的政客，常为自身利益而不是原则来指导

athandnearintimeorplace在手边(在附近,即将到来)1.Helivescloseathand.他住在附近.2.Yourbigmomentisathand.你的重大时刻即将到来.3.Ihaven‘tmyphotographalbumathand,butI’llshowittoyoulater.我的照像簿不在手边，以后我再拿给你看。

principleatruthorbeliefthatacceptedasabaseforreasoningoraction;amoralruleorsetofideaswhichguidesone’sbehavior原则,原理,主义,信念

1.Weadheretotheprinciplethateveryoneshouldbetreatedfairly.2.Theyhaveagreedtotheproposalinprinciplebutwestillhavetonegotiatetheterms.他们基本上同意了那项提议,但我们仍须商定条件.

Standfirmlyforconvictionsinthefaceofpersonalpressure.

Firmlyadheretoyoursincerebeliefsevenwhenyouarefacedwithveryforcefulinfluenceorverystrongpersuasion.convictionaveryfirmandsincerebelief定罪,信服,坚信

1.Ihavetheconvictionthatheisright.2.Theyhavenopreviousconvictions.他们没有前科。

accountfor1)giveorbesatisfactoryexplanationfor;2)bethecauseororiginof说明(原因等);v.(在数量方面)占

1.Hecouldnotaccountforhisabsencefromschool.他无法说明他旷课的原因。2.Petrochemicalstodayaccountforonefourthofallthechemicalsmade,intenyearsthisamountisexpectedtodouble.石油化工产品(Petrochemicals)现在已占所有化学制品的四分之一，十年后预计这个数目还要加倍。

spongeatypeofsimpleseacreature;apieceofsponge,orofasimilarartificialsubstancemadefromrubber,whichcansuckupandholdwaterandisusuallyusedforwashing

n.海棉,海棉状的东西

v.用海棉擦拭,吸收掉,抹掉

1.Healwaysspongesoffothers.他总是揩别人的油.2.Shegavetheflooravigorousspongeallover.她用海绵把地板使劲儿擦了一遍.

rookiesb.whoisnewtoandhasnoexperienceofanactivity,esp.anewsoldierorpolicemenHeisapolicerookie.Hejoinedthepoliceonlylastyear.Sheisarookienurse.Sheisverycarefulwithherjob.

Whenyouknowyouareright,youcan’tbackdown.

Whenyouknowyouaredoingtherightthing,youcan’tgiveupyourefforthalfwayunderexternalpressure.

backdown

acceptdefeatinanargument,opinion,orclaim;admitthatonewaswrong;togiveupone’soriginalstand

Thatsmallcountrywillbackdowntopressure.Hesaidhecouldswim,buthebackeddownwhenwegottothelake.

Alwaysgiveotherscreditthatisrightfullytheirs.

Alwaysbereadyandwillingtogiveapprovalorpraisetootherpeoplewhodeserveit.credit

n.信用,荣誉,贷款,学分;v.归功于,赞颂,信任1.Nocreditisgivenatthisshop.这家商店概不赊欠。2.Heisacredittothefamily.他是家族中的光荣。3.Thebankrefusedfurthercreditstothecompany.银行拒绝再贷款给这家公司。

rightfulinaccordancewithwhatisjustrightorlegallycorrecta.合法的,正直的,当然的

1.Whathesaidisarightfulclaim.他所说的是正当的要求。2.Iamtherightfulownerofthiscar.我是这辆新车的合法主人。3.Hewascheated(out)ofhisrightfulinheritance.他依法应得的遗产被人骗走了.

appointchooseforapositionorjob;arrangeordecide(esp.atimeorplacewhensomethingwillhappen)任命,指定

1.Theyappointedhimchairman.他们任命他为主席。2.Hewasn‘tthereattheappointedtime.他没有在指定的时间在那里。3.Asatopmanager,heshouldappointnonebutpeopleontheirmerit.作为一位总经理，他应该任人为贤。

aRussiandollwithfiveprogressivelysmallerfiguresinside

aRussiandollinwhicharefittedfivefigures,eachofwhichissmallerthanthepreviousone.progressivelystepbystep;bystages;movingaheadordevelopingcontinuously

1.Thatfamousprogressivethinkerwasaskedtodeliveraspeechatthemeeting.那位著名的进步思想家被邀请在会议上发表演讲。2.Theeconomyinthatcountrywasprogressivelygettingbetter.

statusone’slegalpositionorcondition;one’ssocialorprofessionalrankorposition,consideredinrelationtootherpeople地位,身份,情形,状况1.Womenhaveverylittlestatusinmanycountries.在许多国家,妇女没有什麽地位.2.What'syourofficialstatu