2023-2024学年北京市中国农业大学附属中学高三上学期9月月考英语试题（解析版）

中国农业大学附属中学2023~2024学年度九月月考高三英语本试卷共8页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸（卡）上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸（卡）一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AVerySpecialSpecialOlympianIamthankfultothisdaythatIsignedupvolunteeringinthisSpecialOlympicsevent.IfIhadmissedtheevent,IwouldhavemissedoneofthemostunforgettablemomentsthatIhaveever____1____.StandingatthefinishlineIwasabletowitnessmanyamazingeffortsandcloseraces.Iwasmostimpressedbytheefforteachathleteputintohisorherevent.Whatalsoimpressedmewasthesincere____2____eachathleteexpressedwhileparticipatingthoughsometimesthejoyofparticipatinginasportingeventcanget____3____inthefiercecompetitionofwinningandlosing.Thenanamazingmomenthappenedrightbeforemyeyes.Agroupofathleteswere____4____uptorunashortrace.Oneofthemwasinawheelchair,alittlegirlwitha____5____smile.Thegunsounded.Theywereoff.Runnersspedupinthetrackwithalltheirmight.Thereshewas,pumpingherarmswithallthe____6____shehad.Hereffortsweregettinglittleresult,butthatdidnotstopher.Inoticedasshegotcloserthatshealsohadaninjuredarm.Butthatdidnotstopthisbrightstar.Theracewaslongover____7____theyoungathletekeptpumpingherarms.Asshefinally____8____thefinishline,thenoiseofthecrowdwasthunderous.ThereIstoodcheering,withtearsfallingdownmycheeks.Afteralltheseyears,Icanstillhearthosecheers.Igrewupalotthatdaybecauseofthe____9____ofthatlittlegirlinthewheelchair.Iwas_____10_____thatdayofapoemfromabookthatstates,“Whateveryoudo,doitwithallyourmight.”1.A.ignored B.controlled C.witnessed D.imagined2.A.joy B.belief C.trust D.confidence3.A.stuck B.increased C.respected D.lost4.A.mixed B.called C.lined D.piled5.A.huge B.narrow C.weak D.hard6.A.desires B.courage C.energy D.dreams7.A.but B.and C.or D.so8.A.felt B.neared C.took D.raised9.A.honesty B.bravery C.popularity D.creativity10.A.warned B.persuaded C.informed D.reminded【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.C5.A6.C7.A8.B9.B10.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者参加特殊奥运会志愿者活动时的经历。作者在终点站看到了许多令人惊叹的努力和势均力敌的比赛，他被每位运动员在参赛中表达的真诚所打动，尤其是其中一位坐在轮椅上的小女孩，虽然受伤，她也用尽全力完成比赛，最终获得了观众的掌声。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我错过了这个活动，我就错过了我所见证过的最难忘的时刻之一。A.ignored忽视；B.controlled控制；C.witnessed目睹；D.imagined想象。根据前文“oneofthemostunforgettablemoments”可知，如果作者那天没有参加这个志愿者活动，作者就会错过了自己所见证过的最难忘的时刻之一。故选C。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我印象深刻的是每个运动员在参加比赛时所表现出的真诚的快乐，尽管有时参加体育比赛的快乐会在激烈的输赢竞争中消失。A.joy快乐；B.belief信念；C.trust信任；D.confidence自信。根据后文“sometimesthejoy”可知，让作者印象深刻的是他们所表现出的真诚的快乐。故选A。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我印象深刻的是每个运动员在参加比赛时所表现出的真诚的快乐，尽管有时参加体育比赛的快乐会在激烈的输赢竞争中消失。A.stuck黏住；B.increased增加；C.respected尊敬；D.lost失去。根据“though”可知，前后两个句子构成转折关系，即每个运动员参加比赛时会表现出真诚的快乐，可是这种快乐有时会在激烈的输赢竞争中消失。故选D。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一群运动员排着队进行短距离赛跑。A.mixed混合；B.called被称为；C.lined排成一行；D.piled堆积。根据“Agroupofathletes”可知，在赛场上一群运动员排成一行进行短距离赛跑。故选C。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其中一个坐在轮椅上，是个笑容灿烂的小女孩。A.huge巨大的；B.narrow狭窄的；C.weak薄弱的；D.hard困难的。根据后文“Thereshewas,pumpingherarmswithallthe____6____shehad.”可知，该女孩积极地参加比赛，用尽力气进行比赛，因此她笑容灿烂，脸上洋溢着大大的微笑。故选A。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她就在那儿，用尽全身力气挥动着双臂。A.desires欲望；B.courage勇气；C.energy力气；D.dreams梦想。根据后文“pumpingherarms”可知，女孩用尽全身力气挥动着双臂。故选C。【7题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：比赛早就结束了，但这位年轻运动员仍在挥动双臂。A.but但是；B.and和；C.or或者；D.so所以。前后两句构成转折关系，用but表示虽然比赛已经结束了，可是女孩依旧在挥舞双臂继续坚持。故选A。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她终于接近终点线时，人群中发出了雷鸣般的声音。A.felt感受到；B.neared接近；C.took拿；D.raised提高。根据前文“theyoungathletekeptpumpingherarms”可知，女孩依旧奋力地挥舞双臂，继续坚持比赛，因此靠近终点线。故选B。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为那个坐在轮椅上的小女孩的勇敢，那天我成长了很多。A.honesty诚实；B.bravery勇敢；C.popularity受欢迎；D.creativity创造力。根据前文“Inoticedasshegotcloserthatshealsohadaninjuredarm.Butthatdidnotstopthisbrightstar.”可知，当她走近时，作者注意到女孩的手臂也受伤了，但这并没有阻止女孩拼尽全力，可知此处体现了小女孩的勇敢，正是这种勇敢让作者成长了许多。故选B。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天，我想起了一本书中的一首诗：“无论做什么，都要全力以赴。”A.warned警告；B.persuaded说服；C.informed通知；D.reminded提醒。根据后文“ofapoem”可知，作者想起了一首诗。故选D。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A语法填空SammyArmstrongwasdrivingtohisofficewhenhe____11____(notice)acarwasstuckonrailroadtracks.Thenheheardatrainwhistling.Sammythrewdownhissunglassesandkeysandrantowardthecar.____12____elderlyman,JeanPapich,eighty-four,satinthedriver’sseat,____13____(turn)thekeyhittingthegas.Hiswife,Marion,seventy-eight,waslooking____14____(nervous)athim.ThenSammywalkedtowardthecarandpusheditforward,buthisbootslippedonthewarmasphalt(沥青).【答案】11.noticed12.An13.tuning14.nervously【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了萨米·阿姆斯特朗在开车去办公室的途中帮助他人的故事。【11题详解】考查动词。句意：萨米·阿姆斯特朗开车去办公室时，发现一辆汽车卡在了铁轨上。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据前文的wasdriving以及句意可知，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填noticed。【12题详解】考查冠词。句意：一位84岁的老人让·帕皮奇坐在驾驶座上，转动钥匙，踩着油门。分析句子，句中man为可数名词，此处表示“一个”，应用不定冠词。elderly是元音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词an，置于句首，首字母大写。故填An。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一位84岁的老人让·帕皮奇坐在驾驶座上，转动钥匙，踩着油门。句中sat为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，turn与逻辑主语JeanPapich之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语。故填turning。【14题详解】考查副词。句意：他78岁的妻子马里昂正紧张地看着他。分析句子，设空处使用nervous的副词nervously作状语，修饰动词looking，意为“紧张地”。故填nervously。B语法填空IwasninewhenIarrivedatCharlotteAvenueElementarySchoolinNashua.Ibarelypassedthethirdgradeandthefourthgrade.I____15____(convince)Iwasn’t“smart”.Ms.Jambard,____16____taughtmeinthefifthgrade,tookaninstantlikingtome.Ofallthe____17____(subject)inschool,readingwasmyfavorite.【答案】15.wasconvinced16.who17.subjects【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在纳舒厄的夏洛特大道小学读书时的经历。【15题详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：我确信我不“聪明”。分析句子可知，设空处使用动词作谓语，convince“使确信”和主语I之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，短文讲述的是作者过去的经历，应用一般过去时，且主语为I，be动词应用was。故填wasconvinced。【16题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在五年级教我的贾姆巴德女士立刻就喜欢上了我。分析句子可知，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Ms.Jambard，为人，引导词在从句中作主语，因此应用关系代词who作引导词。故填who。【17题详解】考查名词复数。句意：在学校所有的科目中，阅读是我的最爱。分析句子可知，设空处作宾语，结合空前的allthe可知，此处表示复数意义，subject应用复数形式。故填subjects。C语法填空HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?Whichfamoussitesdidyouvisit?Or,ifitisthefirsttimethatyou____18____(be)there,whichonewillyoucheckout?Someworldfamous____19____(culture)sitesmayalreadybeonyourlist:BuckinghamPalace,BigBenandtheLondonTower.However,atourofLondonwouldbeincomplete____20____checkingouttheLondonartscene.【答案】18.havebeen19.cultural20.without【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了作者对伦敦旅行的经历或计划，提到了伦敦的著名景点和文化场所，包括白金汉宫、大本钟和伦敦塔，并强调了探索伦敦艺术场景的重要性。【18题详解】考查动词。句意：或者，如果这是你第一次去那里，你会去哪一家？分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句中itisthefirsttimethat+现在完成时为固定句型，意为“某人第一次做某事”。故填havebeen。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：一些世界著名的文化遗址可能已经在你的名单上了：白金汉宫、大本钟和伦敦塔。分析句子，设空处使用culture的形容词cultural作定语，修饰名词sites，意为“文化的”。故填cultural。【20题详解】考查介词。句意：然而，如果不看看伦敦的艺术场景，伦敦之旅将是不完整的。分析句子，设空处使用介词与后文的动名词checkingouttheLondonartscene作状语。此处表示“没有”用without。故填without。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。APlanningtogetaway?ThinkpassportfirstIfyou’replanningtogetawayfromitallthisyear,youshouldthinkpassportfirst.Checkingyouhaveavalidpassportbeforeyoubookyourtriptakesminutesbutcouldsaveyouthetroubleandcostofnotbeingabletogo.Renewing(更新)yourpassportbeforeitrunsoutYoucanrenewyourpassportupto9monthsbeforeitcannolongerbelegallyused.Sotakethetimenowandsavethetearslater.ApplyingforapassportforthefirsttimeOureligibility(资格)checksmeanthatittakesaminimumofoneweektoissue(颁发)apassport.Somakesureyoudon’tleaveittothelastminute,andapplyinplentyoftime.HelpwithyourapplicationisjustaroundthecornerSelectedPostOfficebranchesandWorldchoicetravelagentsofferaCheckandSendservicethathelpsyouwithyourapplication.It’sconvenientandyoushouldreceiveyourpassportwithin2weeks.Ifyouneedtoapplyfororrenewapassport,youcaneither:PickupaPassportApplicationFormatSelectedPostOfficebranchesandWorldchoicetravelagents.OrcalltheApplicationFormRequestlineon09014700100orvisit.ukIfyourneedisurgent,call08705210410foranappointmentatoneofouroffices.Wecan’tguaranteetoseecustomerswithoutanappointment.From14thJanuaryaguaranteedsameday(passportrenewalsonly)oroneweekservicewillbeavailablefrompassportpubliccounters.*Callswillbecharged60pperminuteandthecostpercallshouldnotnormallybemorethan90p.*Callsarechargedatnationalrates.21.Whenapplyingforapassportforthefirsttime,youneedtoknowthat______.A.passportscanbelegallyusedforeverB.passportsareissuedatthelastminuteC.applicationcheckstakeatleastoneweekD.applicationsareselectedbypostofficebranches22.Accordingtothepassage,youcanmeetyoururgentneedby______.A.goingtotheofficesdirectlyBmakingacallforanappointmentC.visiting.ukforaguaranteeD.gettingintouchwithWorldchoicetravelagents23.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Certaintypesofpassports.B.Differentfunctionsofpassports.C.Advantagesofholdingpassports.D.Instructionsonapplyingforpassports.【答案】21.C22.B23.D【解析】【导语】本文一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了申请护照时的一些注意事项和相关信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Applyingforapassportforthefirsttime部分中“Oureligibility(资格)checksmeanthatittakesatleastoneweektoissue(颁发)apassport.”(我们的资格审查意味着签发护照至少需要一周的时间。)可知，你需要知道，当你第一次申请护照时，申请审核至少需要一个星期。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Ifyourneedisurgent,call08705210410foranappointmentatoneofouroffices.”（如有紧急需要，请致电08705210410到我们的办事处预约）可知，你可以通过打电话预约来满足你的紧急需要。故选B。【23题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ifyou’replanningtogetawayfromitallthisyear,youshouldthinkpassportfirst.Checkingyouhaveavalidpassportbeforeyoubookyourtriptakesminutesbutcouldsaveyouthetroubleandcostofnotbeingabletogo.”（如果你打算今年远离尘烟，你应该先考虑护照。在你预定行程前检查你的有效护照需要几分钟，但可以为你省去无法前往的麻烦和费用。）以及下文的具体说明可知，本文讲述的是关于申请护照须知。故选D。BATeenageInventorTheworldcouldbeonestepclosertoquickandinexpensiveEboladetectionthankstoateenagerfromConnecticut.OliviaHallisey,ajunioratGreenwichHighSchool,wasawarded$50,000intheGoogleScienceFairforhernewmethodthatdetectsEbola,avirusthatcausesbleedingfromdifferentpartsofthebodyandusuallycausesdeath.Olivia’smethodistoaskpatientstoputtheirsaliva(唾液)ontoatestingcard.ThecardchangescolorifthepersoniscatchingEbloa.PresentEbloateststakeupto12hoursandcost$1,000.Olivia’smethod,however,canbedonejustin30minutesforabout$25.Besides,thesample(样本)doesn’thavetobeputinarefrigeratorthankstothesilkmaterialOliviausestoproducethetestingcards.Oliviawasinspiredtodealwiththisglobalproblemafterwatchingthenewsthatmorethan10,000peoplediedfromEbolainWestAfrica.Shewasparticularlyworriedaboutthefactthat,whiletheactsofinvolvementcanimprovesurvivalrates,presentdetectionmethodsarecostly,time-consumingandrequirecomplextools.Oliviagothelpfromherscienceresearchteacher.Shedrewoutdirectionsfrompastresearch,andfiguredoutdetectionsystemsthathaveproventoworkwithotherdiseases,includingLymediseaseandyellowfever.“Whataffectsonecountryaffectseveryone,”OliviatoldCNBC.“Wehavetoworktogethertofindanswerstothehugechallengeswhichcauseharmtotheglobalhealth.”TheConnecticut’steen,whohopestobecomeadoctoroneday,wasnamedtheGoogleScienceFairwinnerinthecompetitionof20competitorsfromacrosstheglobe.Thefairisopentoyoungpeoplebetweentheagesof13and18inmostcountries.Oliviahopeshersuccesswillinspireothergirlsinterestedinscienceandcomputers.“Iwouldjustencouragegirlstotryitinthebeginning,andremindthemthattheydon’thavetofeelnaturallydrawnorfeelliketheyhaveaspecialtalentformathsorscience,”shetoldCNBC,“butjustreallylookatsomethingtheyareinterestedinandthenthinkhowtoimprovesomethingormakeitmoreenjoyableorrelateittotheirinterests.”24.Accordingtothepassage,presentEboladetectionmethods______.A.mustusealargeamountofsamplesB.maydetectotherdeadlyvirusesaswellC.haveproventobeineffectiveinpracticeD.requiresamplestobekeptinrefrigerators25.WhatcanwelearnaboutOlivia’smethod?A.Time-consuming. B.Cheap.C.Complex. D.Out-of-date.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“drawn”inParagraph5probablymean？A.Attracted. B.Controlled.C.Admitted. D.Exposed.27.TheGoogleScienceFairisintendedfor______.A.students B.doctorsC.inventors D.scientists【答案】24.D25.B26.A27.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一名青少年发明家。多亏了来自康涅狄格州的一名青少年，我们的世界离快速、廉价的埃博拉检测又近了一步。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“ThecardchangescolorifthepersoniscatchingEbloa.PresentEbloateststakeupto12hoursandcost$1,000.Olivia’smethod,however,canbedonejustin30minutesforabout$25.Besides,thesample(样本)doesn’thavetobeputinarefrigeratorthankstothesilkmaterialOliviausestoproducethetestingcards.(如果该人正在捕捉埃博拉，则该卡会改变颜色。目前的埃博拉测试耗时12小时，成本为1000美元。然而，奥利维亚的方法只需30分钟，成本约为25美元。此外，由于奥利维亚使用丝绸材料制作测试卡，样品无需放入冰箱。)”可知，目前的埃博拉检测方法要求样本保存在冰箱中。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“ThecardchangescolorifthepersoniscatchingEbloa.PresentEbloateststakeupto12hoursandcost$1,000.Olivia’smethod,however,canbedonejustin30minutesforabout$25.(如果该人正在捕捉埃博拉，则该卡会改变颜色。目前的Ebloa测试耗时12小时，成本为1000美元。然而，奥利维亚的方法仅需30分钟，成本约为25美元。)”可知，我们从Olivia的方法中得知它是“便宜的”。故选B。【26题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段“orfeelliketheyhaveaspecialtalentformathsorscience.”(或者觉得自己在数学或科学方面有特殊天赋。)”可推知，他们不必觉得自己在数学或科学方面有特殊天赋或者觉得自己天生有吸引力。由此推断划线词的意思是“吸引”。故选A。27题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“OliviaHallisey,ajunioratGreenwichHighSchool,wasawarded$50,000intheGoogleScienceFairforhernewmethodthatdetectsEbola(格林威治高中三年级学生OliviaHallisey因其检测埃博拉的新方法在谷歌科学博览会上获得了5万美元的奖金)”根据第四段“Thefairisopentoyoungpeoplebetweentheagesof13and18inmostcountries.”（该博览会对大多数国家13至18岁的年轻人开放。）可知，谷歌科学博览会是为学生准备的。故选A。CPalacesareknownfortheirbeautyandsplendor,buttheyofferlittleprotectionagainstattacks.Itiseasytodefendalargebuilding,butusuallythesebuildingsarenotdesignedwiththecomfortofakinginmind.Whenitcomestostructuresthatarebothbeautifulanddefensive,theEuropeancastleisabigsuccess.CastleswereoriginallybuiltinEnglandbytheNormansin1066.Theybuilttowersandwallstosecurethelandtheyhadtaken.ThesecastlesprovidedtheNormanswithaquietandsafeplace.Theyalsoservedasbasesofoperationforattacks.Inthiswaycastlesservedbothdefensiveandoffensiveroles.Besides,castlesservedasofficesforgovernors.Thosethatweresociallybeneaththegovernorwouldcometoreportaffairsandexpresstheirrespect.Theywouldaddressproblems,handlebusiness,feast,andenjoyfestivitiesincastles.Socastlesservedassocialcentersaswell.Thefirstcastlesweremadefromearthandwood,andtheywerelikelytosufferfromattacksbyfire.Thenwoodencastlesweregraduallyreplacedbystone,whichgreatlyincreasedthestrengthofthesetowersandwalls.However,attackerscouldthrowflamingobjectsintocastlesthroughthewindowsorburnthewoodendoors.Thisledtomovingthewindowsandentrancesoffofthegroundflooranduptothefirstfloortomakethemmoredifficulttoaccess.DuringtheMiddleAges,attacksincreasedinregularity,socastledefenseswereupdated.Arrow-slitswereadded.Theyweresmallholesinthecastle,whichalloweddefenderstofirewithoutbeinghurt.Towerswerebuiltfromwhichdefenderscouldprovidefireonbothsides.Thetowerswereconnectedtothecastlebywoodenbridges,sothatifonetowerfell,therestofthecastlewasstilleasytodefend.Alotofringsofcastlewallswereconstructed,sothatevenifattackerswentpastonewall,theywouldbecaughtonakillinggroundbetweeninnerandouterwalls.Alloftheseincreasedthedefenseofcastles.Theendofcastlescanbeattributedtogunpowder.Duringthe15thcentury,artillery,akindoflargeguns,becamepowerfulenoughtobreakthroughstonewalls.Thisgreatlymadetheroleofcastleslesseffective.Thoughcastlesnolongerservetheiroriginalpurposes,remainingcastlesreceivemillionsofvisitorseachyearwhowishtoexperiencethesituationsofancienttimes.28.Whatwastheoriginalfunctionofcastlesaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyservedastouristattractions.B.Theywereimportantsocialcenters.C.Theymarkedreligiousceremonies.D.Theywerebuiltforuseinemergencies.29.Thereasonwhywoodencastleswerereplacedbystonecastleswasthat.A.stonecastlescostlessmoneyB.stonecastlesofferedbetterdefenseC.woodencastleswereuncomfortableD.woodencastlestookalongtimetobuild30.Whichofthefollowingshowedanimprovementincastledefenses?A.Castlesweretotallyseparatedbystones.B.Arrow-slitsweremadeinlargequantities.C.Ringsofwallswerebuilttodefendthetowers.D.Windowsandentrancesweremovedtothehigherfloor.31.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.FancyLiving:LearningaboutCastlesB.Normans:BringingCastlestoEnglandC.AHistoryofCastles:TheRiseandFallofCastlesD.DefendingCastles:TechnologiesUsedtoDefendCastles【答案】28.B29.B30.D31.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述城堡的历史。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Socastlesservedassocialcentersaswell.(所以城堡也是社会中心)”可知，城堡最初的功能是它们是重要的社会中心。故选B。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thenwoodencastlesweregraduallyreplacedbystone,whichgreatlyincreasedthestrengthofthesetowersandwalls.(后来，木制城堡逐渐被石头取代，这大大提高了这些塔和墙的强度)”可推知，木头城堡被石头城堡取代的原因是石头城堡提供了更好的防御。故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thisledtomovingthewindowsandentrancesoffofthegroundflooranduptothefirstfloortomakethemmoredifficulttoaccess.(这导致窗户和入口从一楼移动到一楼，使其更难进入)”可知，窗户和入口被移到较高的楼层显示城堡防御有改进。故选D。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Whenitcomestostructuresthatarebothbeautifulanddefensive,theEuropeancastleisabigsuccess.(当谈到既美观又防御性的建筑时，欧洲城堡是一个巨大的成功)”再结合最后一段“Theendofcastlescanbeattributedtogunpowder(城堡的灭亡可以归因于火药)”可知，本文讲述的是城堡的兴衰。故选C。DMathsandMusicAnexcellentwaytokillaconversationistosayyouareamathematician.Tellothersyouarealsoamusician,however,andtheywillbehooked.Althoughthereareobvioussimilaritiesbetweenmathematicalandmusicalactivity,thereisnodirectevidenceforthekindofmagicalconnectionmanypeopleseemtobelievein.I’mpartlyreferringheretothe“Mozarteffect”,wherechildrenwhohavebeenplayedMozartcompositionsaresupposedlymoreintelligent,includingatmaths,thanotherchildren.Itisnothardtoseewhysuchatheorywouldbepopular:wewouldallliketobecomebetteratmathswithoutputtinginanyeffort.ButtheconclusionsoftheexperimentthatexpressedthebeliefintheMozarteffectweremuchmoremodest.Ifyouwantyourbraintoworkbetter,youclearlyhavetoputinhardwork.Asforlearningtoplaythepiano,italsotakeseffort.Surelyaconnectionisquitereasonable.Bothmathsandmusicdealwithabstractstructures,soifyoubecomegoodatone,thenitislikelythatyoubecomegoodatsomethingmoregeneralthathelpsyouwiththeother.Ifthisiscorrect,itwouldshowaconnectionbetweenmathematicalandmusicalability.Itwouldbemoreliketheconnectionbetweenabilitiesatfootballandtennis.Tobecomebetteratone,youneedtoimproveyourfitnessandcoordination(协调).Thatmakesyoubetteratsportandprobablyhelpswiththeother.Abstractstructuresdon’texistonlyinmathsandmusic.Ifyoulearnalanguagethenyouneedtounderstanditsabstractstructureslikegrammar.Yetwedon’thearpeopleaskingaboutaconnectionbetweenmathematicalandlinguistic(语言的)ability.Maybethisisbecausegrammarfeelsmathematical,soitwouldn’tbesurprisingthatmathematicianswerebetteratlearninggrammar.Music,however,isstronglytiedupwithfeelingsandcanbeenjoyedevenbypeoplewhoknowlittleaboutit.Assuch,itseemsdifferentfrommaths,sotherewouldn’tbeanyconnectionbetweenthetwo.Let’sseehowwesolveproblemsofthe“AistoBasCistoD”kind.Theseappearinintelligencetestsbuttheyarealsocentraltobothmusicandmaths.ConsidertheopeningofMozart’sEineKleineNachtmusik(小夜曲).Thesecondphraseisaclearanswertothefirst.Thelistenerthinks:“ThefirstphrasegoesupwardandusesthenotesofaGmajorchord(和弦);whatwouldbethecorrespondingphrasethatgoesdownwardandusesthenotesofaD7?”Musicisfullofpuzzleslikethis.Ifyouaregoodatthem,expectationswillconstantlybesetupinyourmind.Thebestmomentssurpriseyoubybeingunexpected,butweneedtheexpectationsinthefirstplace.32.Whatdoestheauthorsayabout“Mozarteffect”？A.Thegoalofitwasnotcarefullythoughtabout.B.Theinterestpeopleshowedinitwasunexpected.C.Thewayitwascarriedoutprovedtobeineffective.D.Thefindingsfromitgavepeoplewronginformation.33.TheauthormentionedfootballandtennisinParagraph3toshowthat______.A.musicandmathshavesomethingincommonB.footballandtennisareplayedinasimilarwayC.certainskillsmaybedevelopedthroughpracticeD.abstractstructuresbringbenefitstovariousfields34.WecaninferfromParagraph4that______.A.languageislessattractivetolearnersB.mathematiciansaregoodatmusiclearningC.languageseemsmorelikemathsthanmusicdoesD.thestructureoflanguageiseasiertolearnthanthatofmusic35.Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinthelastparagraph?A.Toprovehowmusicfinallydiffersfrommaths.B.Todescribethemathematicalprocessesmusiciansmayhave.C.Toshowhowabstractthinkingappliestobothmusicandmaths.D.ToexplainwhyMozartissohighlyconsideredbymathematicians.【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论的是数学和音乐之间的关系。虽然数学活动和音乐活动之间有明显的相似之处，但并没有直接证据证明许多人似乎相信的那种神奇联系。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中ButtheconclusionsoftheexperimentthatexpressedthebeliefintheMozarteffectweremuchmoremodest.Ifyouwantyourbraintoworkbetter,youclearlyhavetoputinhardwork.Asforlearningtoplaythepiano,italsotakeseffort.可知，作者说“莫扎特效应”的研究结果给人们提供了错误的信息。故选D.【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中Bothmathsandmusicdealwithabstractstructures,soifyoubecomegoodatone,thenitislikelythatyoubecomegoodatsomethingmoregeneralthathelpsyouwiththeother.Ifthisiscorrect,itwouldshowaconnectionbetweenmathematicalandmusicalability.Itwouldbemoreliketheconnectionbetweenabilitiesatfootballandtennis.可知，作者在第三段提到足球和网球是为了说明音乐和数学有一些共同之处。故选A。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中Maybethisisbecausegrammarfeelsmathematical,soitwouldn’tbesurprisingthatmathematicianswerebetteratlearninggrammar.Music,however,isstronglytiedupwithfeelingsandcanbeenjoyedevenbypeoplewhoknowlittleaboutit.Assuch,itseemsdifferentfrommaths,sotherewouldn’tbeanyconnectionbetweenthetwo.可知，我们可以从第4段推断，语言看起来更像数学而不是音乐。故选C。【35题详解】目的意图题。根据第四段中Maybethisisbecausegrammarfeelsmathematical,soitwouldn’tbesurprisingthatmathematicianswerebetteratlearninggrammar.Music,however,isstronglytiedupwithfeelingsandcanbeenjoyedevenbypeoplewhoknowlittleaboutit.Assuch,itseemsdifferentfrommaths,sotherewouldn’tbeanyconnectionbetweenthetwo.可知，作者在最后一段的主要目的是展示抽象思维如何应用于音乐和数学。故选C。【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第1小题，根据第二段中ButtheconclusionsoftheexperimentthatexpressedthebeliefintheMozarteffectweremuchmoremodest.Ifyouwantyourbraintoworkbetter,youclearlyhavetoputinhardwork.Asforlearningtoplaythepiano,italsotakeseffort.可知，作者说“莫扎特效应”的研究结果给人们提供了错误的信息。故选D.第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Gardening380KilometersaboveEarthAstronautshavetogothroughphysical，psychological，andtechnicaltraining.Theyalsogothroughtraininginhowtocareforplants.These“astronautgardeners”sharetheirworkandlivingspacewithplants.Takingseedsandplantsalongonatripisn'tanewidea.Asspacetripsbecomelonger,itwillbenecessarytogrowfoodinspace.___36___Becauseofthis，it'snotpracticaltosendeverythingneededforalongjourney，onlytobeusedonceandthrownaway.Plantscanservemanyusesonaspacejourney.Theycanprovidemorefreshthings.___37___Also，plantscanhelptomakeairqualitybetterbecausetheyproduceoxygen.Theycanimprovethequalityoftheairinsidethespacecraft—theonlyairtheastronautscanbreathe.___38___Duetothelackofgravityinspace，theoxygenthattheplantsproducestaysaroundtheplants.Thiscanactuallykillthem，sofansareneededtocirculatetheair.Withoutgravity，rootsdon't“know”togrowdown，leavesdon't“know”togrowup，andwaterdoesn'teasilytravel，uptherootstotheleaves，____39____Besides，soilistooheavy，tosendtospace，andspecialliquidgels(凝胶)areusedtohelpplantgrowth.Scientistsarealsoworkingontheplantsthemselves.Theyaretryingtomakeplantsgrowmorerapidlyandgrowwithlesswaterandlightinspace，andtheyarelookingforwaystomakeplantsmoreresistanttodisease.___40___Imaginethatdesertsmayonedayprovidelotsoffreshfoodforlocalpeople，savingtransportationcosts.Similarly，plantsthatareresistanttodiseasecouldprovideanimportantfoodsupply.Withtheworld'spopulationnowatabout7.7billionpeople，ourastronautgardenersmayhelpdiscoverwaystofeedthosebillions.A.Everyplantgrowninspacemusthaveseveraluses.B.However，therearechallengeswithgrowingplantsinspace.C.SuchmethodsmayresultinimprovementsbackhereonEarth.DThecostoftakinganythingintospaceisabout$22，000perkilogram.E.Specializedcontainersarebeingdevelopedtohelptheplantsgrowcorrectly.F.Astronautswillwelcometheadditionoffruitsandvegetablestotheirdietofdryfoods.G.Currentlyalloxygenistakenaboardintanks.【答案】36.D37.F38.B39.E40.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了宇航员在太空种植的原因和好处以及种植方法。【36题详解】空后是说将所有需要的东西带上太空是不切合实际的；据此可推知，空处应是介绍空后一句的原因；D项“带任何东西到太空的花费大约是每千克22000美元”符合语境。故选D项。【37题详解】根据空前一句可知，植物可以为宇航员提供新鲜的东西；根据空后一句可知，植物还可以改善太空站的空气质量，因为其可以产生氧气；据此可推知，空处应是介绍太空种植植物的好处，即宇航员也喜欢在他们的干粮中有新鲜的果蔬食物，F项正确。故选F项。【38题详解】上文介绍了太空种植的好处，即为宇航员提供新鲜的果蔬、改善太空站的空气质量等；结合下文可知，种植太空果蔬有一定的困难；据此可知，空处承上启下，与上文形成转折关系，B项“然而在太空中种植作物存在不少挑战”正确。故选B项【39题详解】根据上文可知，在失重的情况下，植物的根和叶不知道如何生长，水分也不容易从根部传到叶子上；而空后一句介绍了关于土壤的解决方法；据此可推知，空处应是介绍解决上述问题的方法，E项“正在研制专门的容器去帮助植物正确地生长”符合语境。故选E项。【40题详解】根据空前一句可知，科学家们正在寻找各种让植物少使用水，在太空快速生长，而且可以抵抗病害方法；且下文又提到改良后的植物对地球的影响；据此可推知，空处应是说明这些方法可以在地球上运用以带来改善，C项正确。故选C项。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分）阅读下面