2023-2024学年黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市九校高三上学期开学联考英语试题（解析版）

2023—2024学年度上学期龙西北高中名校联盟高三开学考试英语本试卷共5页满分150分考试用时120分钟注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动、用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3．非选择题答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔、修正带和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。写在试卷上无效。4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，答题卡不要折叠。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回.第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分1.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．£19.15.B．£9.18.C．£9.15.答案是C.1．Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A．OnSeptember15th.B．OnSeptember9th.C．OnSeptember6th.2．Howdoesthewomanfeel?A．Annoyed.B．Sympathetic.C．Confused.3．Whereareprobablythespeakers?A．Athome.B．Inacoffeeshop.C．Inarestaurant.4．WhyisthemanangrywithLinda?A．Shelosthisdocument.B．Shegavehimawarning.C．Sheviolatedhisprivacy.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Theman’sfavoriteplayer.B．Thegameresults.C．Apopularsport.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A．Totalkaboutthemeetingtime.B．Totellhimherschedule.C．Toaskaboutaclass.7．Whatwillthewomandointhemorning?A．Changealessonwithanotherteacher.B．Meetthemanattheusualplace.C．Meethercompanyleader.听第7段材料，回答第8、9、10题，8．Wherearethespeakers?A．AtaHalloweenparty.B．Atafriend’shome.C．Atacoffeeshop.9．Whatdothespeakershaveincommon?A．Theybothlikebaseball.B．Theybothlikedressingup.C．Theybothlikeparties.10．WhatisthemangoingtodothisSaturday?A．Learntomakecoffee.B．Travelwiththewoman.C．Listentothewoman’sstory.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Designerandclient.B．Shopassistantandcustomer.C．Interviewerandinterviewee.12．Whatdoesthewomansayabouthanfu?A．Itsstyleisthebest.B．Itcontainsphilosophicalideas.C．Itischarmingineveryaspect.13．Whathasthewomanfoundfromhanfu?A．Unexploredthingsinherlife.B．Hertalentfordesigning.C．Herinspirationforstories.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题.14．WhatdoweknowaboutMaori?A．Theyrubeachother’snosesasagreeting.B．Theymakeagesturetosayhello.C．Itsimpoliteforthemtogiveathumbs-up.15．Whatisthewoman’snationality?A．Nigerian.B．British.C．Chinese.16．Howmanycountriesdothespeakersmentionintotal?A．5.B．6.C．7.17．Howdoesthemansuggestthewomanwriteherpaper?A．Bygivingmoredetailedinformation.B．Bywritingtheabstractfirst.C．Bygivingaprofoundconclusion.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题.18．WhywasYaguasNationalParkfounded?A．Todevelopthetourismindustry.B．Todoresearchonplants.C．Tofightclimatechange.19．WheredoesNigelPitmanwork?A．Inthemuseum.B．Attheuniversity.C．Inthepark.20．HowmanyspeciesofbirdsarethereinYaguasNationalPark?A．Around160.B．Over500.C．Morethan3,000.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项.AForchildren,spaceismagical—awholeworldisoutthere,withsomanythingstolearnandstoriestoread.Herearesomechildren’sbooksaboutspaceandthesolarsystem.MaeamongtheStarsbyStasiaBurringtonThisbeautifullyillustratedpicturebookisattractivetoyoungkids.ItwasinspiredbythefirstAfricanAmericanwomaninspace,MaeJemison.IttellsthestoryofMaeasalittlegirl,whoalwaysknewshehadbigdreamsaboutspace.Thisisagreatadditiontoayoungkid’scollection,asaremindertoholdtighttodreamsandnevergiveup.SpacebyLibbyJacksonThisbeautifullyillustratedbookgiveskidsalookat50womenfromaroundtheworldwhowereinvolvedinexploringspaceinsomeway,fromthe19thcenturytothepresentday.Thisisaperfectgiftforyoungkidswhowanttoknowmoreaboutsomeofthelesser-knownscientificachievementsrelatedtospaceexploration.ChasingSpacebyLelandMelvinThisisMelvin’sstoryaboutbeingafootballplayer-turned-astronaut,alongwithhisrecoveryfromaninjurythatnearlylefthimdeaf.Kidswilllovereadinghisstoryabouthowhefacedchallengesandadvancedahead,andhealsoincludesDIYexperimentsforkidstotry,andasectionoffull-colorphotographs.SystemandBeyondbyDavidA.AguilarThebookisfullofbeautifulillustrationsofspace,andisperfectforkidsofallages,exploringvariousplanetsandthesolarsystem.Unlikeotherkids’spacebook,thisisaNationalGeographicbookwrittenandillustratedbyanaward-winningastronomerandspaceartist.AguilarisalsotheformerDirectorofScienceInformationandPublicOutreachattheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics.1.WhatdoMaeamongtheStarsandSpacehaveincommon?A.Theyincludeless-knownastronauts. B.Theytellaboutscientists’childhood.C.Theycoverwomenexploringspace. D.Theyaresuitableforchildrenofallages.2.Whosebookattractschildrenshowinginterestinexperiments?A.StasiaBurrington’s. B.LibbyJackson’s.C.LelandMelvin’s. D.DavidA.Aguilar’s.3.WhatisuniquetoSystemandBeyond?A.Ithasbeautifulpictures. B.Ittellsaboutspaceartists.C.Ithaswonmanygrandawards. D.Itwaswrittenbyanastronomer.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本关于太空和太阳系的儿童读物。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据MaeamongtheStarsbyStasiaBurrington第二、三句“ItwasinspiredbythefirstAfricanAmericanwomaninspace,MaeJemison.IttellsthestoryofMaeasalittlegirl,whoalwaysknewshehadbigdreamsaboutspace.(它的灵感来自第一位进入太空的非裔美国女性梅·杰米森。它讲述了梅作为一个小女孩的故事，她一直知道她对太空有很大的梦想。)”，而SpacebyLibbyJackson的第一句“Thisbeautifullyillustratedbookgiveskidsalookat50womenfromaroundtheworldwhowereinvolvedinexploringspaceinsomeway,fromthe19thcenturytothepresentday.(这本精美的插图书让孩子们看到了从19世纪到现在，来自世界各地的50位女性，她们以某种方式参与了太空探索。)”可知，《星际漫游》和《太空漫游》的共同之处是：它们都涉及到那些探索太空的女性。故选C项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据ChasingSpacebyLelandMelvin的“Kidswilllovereadinghisstoryabouthowhefacedchallengesandadvancedahead,andhealsoincludesDIYexperimentsforkidstotry,andasectionoffull-colorphotographs.(孩子们会喜欢读他关于他如何面对挑战和前进的故事，他还包括DIY实验供孩子们尝试，以及一组全彩照片。)”可知，对实验感兴趣的孩子会被LelandMelvin的书吸引。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据SystemandBeyondbyDavidA.Aguilar的“Unlikeotherkids’spacebook,thisisaNationalGeographicbookwrittenandillustratedbyanaward-winningastronomerandspaceartist.AguilarisalsotheformerDirectorofScienceInformationandPublicOutreachattheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics.(与其他儿童太空书不同，这是一本由获奖的天文学家和太空艺术家撰写和插图的国家地理书。阿吉拉尔还是哈佛-史密森天体物理中心的前科学信息和公共宣传主任。)”可知，这本《系统及其他》与其他读物的不同之处是作者本人的身份是天文学家，能为读者提供专家的观点和对主题的见解。故选D项。BTheLouvreisthemostpopularmuseumintheworld.Lastyear,about10millionvisitors,morethan75%ofwhomwereforeigntourists,cametothemuseum.About80%ofthemwerehereforMonaLisa-andmostofthemleftunhappy.AccordingtoasurveyofBritishtouristsearlierthisyear,MonaLisawasvotedtheworld’smostdisappointingattraction,beatingoutCheckpointCharlie,SpanishSteps,andUrinatingBoyinBrussels.Ifthemuseumthinksthatitisinspiringthenextgenerationofartlovers,itisinfactdoingtheopposite,thankstothehugecrowdsinfrontofthepicture.TheovercrowdingherewassobadthatJean-LucMartinez,themuseum’sdirector,hastoadmit,“Wehavetotakestepstodealwiththeovercrowdinginthecomingyears:newentrancesandtimedticketsforthemuseum.”Hemisunderstandstheproblem-fortheLouvre,withmoregalleryspacethananymuseumontheplanet,isn’tthatcrowed.Onmylastvisit,theFrenchpaintingwinghadjustafewvisitors.EvenVenusdeMilo,perhapsthesecondmostfamousworkofartinthemuseum,onlydrewacomfortablefewdozenvisitors.Inotherwords,theLouvredoesnothaveanovercrowdingproblem.IthasaMonaLisaproblem.Nootherfamouspaintingcomesanywhereclosetomonopolizing(垄断)amuseumlikeshedoes.ItistimefortheLouvretoadmititsfailure.Themuseumdoesnotneednewentrancesortimedtickets.Instead,itonlyneedstosetupamovingwalkwayinfrontofMonaLisaandletSamsungoranothersmartphonecompanytofixitscutestcamerasaroundher.Sovisitorscanstrikeaposeonthemovingwalkway,anddownloadtheircutestselfies(自拍像)withMonaLisalater.IcanevenpicturethemovingwalkwaysmoothlyguidingtouristspasttheMonaLisaintothegiftshops,wheremillionsofselfierscantaketimetoenjoytheirpictures,andspendmoney.Itistimetosetitupnowsincethe2024SummerOlympicsisaroundthecomer.4.Whichwasthemostdisappointingattractionaccordingtothesurvey?________A.MonaLisa. B.VenusdeMilo. C.SpanishSteps. D.UrinatingBoy.5.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofJean-LucMartinez’ssolution?________AAmazing. B.Practical. C.Expensive. D.Unworkable.6.WhyisitsocrowdedinfrontofMonaLisa?________A.Alotofvisitorsstaytheretoappreciateit. B.Theroomhousingthepictureistoosmall.C.Toomanyvisitorswanttotakeapicturewithit. D.Theticketforthefamouspaintingistoocheap.7.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?________A.TosharehisunpleasantvisittotheLouvre.B.Tointroduceafamouspaintinginamuseum.C.ToofferasimplesolutiontotheMonaLisaproblem.D.Toshowtheopportunitybroughtbythe2024Olympics.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了卢浮宫是世界上最受欢迎的博物馆。大约80%的人是为了《蒙娜丽莎》而来的，大多数人离开时都不开心。主要是因为这个景点前过度拥挤，作者为这个景点的拥挤提出来自己的解决方案。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“AccordingtoasurveyofBritishtouristsearlierthisyear,MonaLisawasvotedtheworld’smostdisappointingattraction,beatingoutCheckpointCharlie,SpanishSteps,andUrinatingBoyinBrussels.”（根据今年早些时候对英国游客的一项调查，蒙娜丽莎击败查理检查站、西班牙台阶和布鲁塞尔的撒尿男孩，被评为世界上最令人失望的景点。）可知，根据调查蒙娜丽莎是最令人失望的景点。故选A项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Hemisunderstandstheproblem-fortheLouvre,withmoregalleryspacethananymuseumontheplanet,isn’tthatcrowed.”(他误解了卢浮宫的问题，卢浮宫的画廊空间比地球上任何一座博物馆都大，并不是很拥挤。)根据“Themuseumdoesnotneednewentrancesortimedtickets.”（博物馆不需要新的入口或限时门票）可知，作者认为他误解了卢浮宫的问题，可见作者对Jean-LucMartinez的解决方案的看法是觉得不可行的。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Sovisitorscanstrikeaposeonthemovingwalkway,anddownloadtheircutestselfies(自拍像)withMonaLisalater.”（所以游客们可以在移动的走道上摆姿势，稍后还可以下载他们与蒙娜丽莎最可爱的自拍照。）可知，从这个解决拥挤的办法可知，蒙娜丽莎面前如此拥挤是因为太多的游客想和它合影。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“About80%ofthemwerehereforMonaLisa-andmostofthemleftunhappy.”（大约80%的人来这里是为了《蒙娜丽莎》，但大多数人都不高兴地离开了。）根据“Instead,itonlyneedstosetupamovingwalkwayinfrontofMonaLisaandletSamsungoranothersmartphonecompanytofixitscutestcamerasaroundher.”（相反，它只需要在蒙娜丽莎面前设置一条移动通道，让三星或其他智能手机公司在她周围安装最可爱的摄像头）可知，主要是因为这个景点前过度拥挤，作者为这个景点的拥挤提出来自己的解决方案，所以作者的写作目的是为蒙娜丽莎问题提供一个简单的解决方案。故选C项。CPeoplealwaysunderestimate(低估)others’desireforconstructivefeedback(反馈)andthereforedon’tprovideit,evenwhenitcanimproveanotherperson’sperformance.accordingtoresearchpublishedbytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.Previousresearchsuggestspeopleavoidgivingfeedbackbecausethey’reafraidthatitwillembarrassorupsettheotherperson,orthatdoingsomayharmtheirrelationships.NicoleAbi-EsberofHarvardBusinessSchoolandhercolleaguestheorizedtheremightbeanotherreasonwhypeoplerefusetogivefeedback:Theysimplydon’tfullyrecognizethepotentialoftheirinputtoimproveothers’outcomes,leadingthemtounderestimateothers’desireforsuchfeedback.Totesttheirtheory,theresearchersconductedaseriesofexperimentsinvolving1,984participants.Inoneexperiment.participantswerepresentedwith10imaginaryawkwardsocialsituationsatwork,wheretheycouldeithergiveorreceiveconstructivefeedback,Inanotherexperiment,participantswereaskedtorecallasituationwheretheycouldeitherhavegivenorreceivedconstructivefeedback.Inthefinalexperiment,participantswerepaired,withonepractisingaspeechforacompetitionandtheotherassignedtolistenandprovidefeedback.Acrossalltheexperiments,peopleinapositiontogivefeedbackconsistentlyunderestimatedpotentialreceivers’desireforit.Themoreconsequentialthefeedbackwas,themorelikelyparticipantsweretounderestimatetheother’sneedforfeedbackandthelesslikelytheyweretoofferit.Thegapwassmallerinmoreeveryday,lessimportantsituations,suchaswhentheotherpersonhadfoodontheirface.Theresearchersweresurprisedtofindthatsimplyaskingpeopletoquicklyreflect“Ifyouwerethisperson,wouldyouwantfeedback?”helpedparticipantsrecognizethevalueoffeedbacktotheotherpersonandhelpedclosethegiver-receivergap.“Takeasecondandaskyourselfifyouwouldwantfeedbackifyouwerethem.Mostlikelyyouwould,andthisrealizationcanhelpempoweryoutogivethemfeedback,”saidAbi-Esber.“Feedbackiskeytopersonalgrowthandimprovement.”saidcoauthorFrancescaGino,alsoofHarvardBusinessSchool.“Thenexttimeyouhearsomeonemispronounceaword,orseeadirtymarkontheirshirt,pointitouttothem—theyprobablywantfeedbackmorethanyouthink.”8.Whatmakespeoplefailtogivefeedbackaccordingtopreviousresearch?A.Theirownsenseofembarrassment. B.Theirfearofunpleasantoutcomes.CTheirpoorabilitytointeractwithothers. D.Theirfailuretorealizeothers’needs.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“consequential”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Regular. B.Understandable.C.Important. D.Achievable.10.Howcanpeoplebemademorewillingtoofferconstructivefeedback?A.Urgethemtorecallgreatfeelingsofhelpingothers.B.Trainthemtopayattentiontomuchbiggerproblems.C.Encouragethemtoaskabouttheotherpersons’desire.D.Getthemtoimaginethey’reintheotherpersons’shoes.11.WhatdoesFrancescaGinomainlytrytodointhelastparagraph?A.Presentafact. B.Givewarnings.C.Provideadvice. D.Makeasummary.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国心理学协会发表的一项研究表明，人们总是低估他人对建设性反馈的渴望，因此不会提供反馈，即使这种反馈可能会有助于提高他人的表现。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段“Previousresearchsuggestspeopleavoidgivingfeedbackbecausethey’reafraidthatitwillembarrassorupsettheotherperson,orthatdoingsomayharmtheirrelationships.(之前的研究表明，人们避免给予反馈是因为他们害怕这会让对方感到尴尬或不安，或者这样做可能会损害他们的关系。)”可知，之前的研究表明，人们未能给出反馈是因为害怕会带来不好的结果。故选B。

2.词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Themoreconsequentialthefeedbackwas,themorelikelyparticipantsweretounderestimatetheother’sneedforfeedbackandthelesslikelytheyweretoofferit.(反馈越consequential，参与者越有可能低估对方对反馈的需求，他们就越不可能提供反馈。)”及画线词后“Thegapwassmallerinmoreeveryday,lessimportantsituations,suchaswhentheotherpersonhadfoodontheirface.(在更日常、更不重要的情况下，比如当对方脸上有食物时，这种差距会更小。)”可推断，反馈不太重要，人们就比较愿意给出反馈，反馈越重要，参与者越可能低估对方的需求，不可能提供反馈，画线词的意思与Important的意思最为接近。故选C。3.推理判断题。根据第五段的内容“Theresearchersweresurprisedtofindthatsimplyaskingpeopletoquicklyreflect“Ifyouwerethisperson,wouldyouwantfeedback?”helpedparticipantsrecognizethevalueoffeedbacktotheotherpersonandhelpedclosethegiver-receivergap.“Takeasecondandaskyourselfifyouwouldwantfeedbackifyouwerethem.Mostlikelyyouwould,andthisrealizationcanhelpempoweryoutogivethemfeedback,”saidAbi-Esber.(研究人员惊讶地发现，简单地让人们快速反思“如果你是这个人，你想要反馈吗?”帮助参与者认识到反馈对他人的价值，并帮助缩小了给予者和接受者之间的差距。“花点时间问问自己，如果你是他们，你是否需要反馈。很有可能你会，这种认识可以帮助你给他们反馈，”阿比-埃斯伯说。)”可推断，问问自己如果你是这个人，你想要反馈吗，可能会有助于给别人反馈，因此推断如果想让人们更乐意给出建设性的反馈，让其换位思考是个办法。故选D。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容,尤其是“Thenexttimeyouhearsomeonemispronounceaword,orseeadirtymarkontheirshirt,pointitouttothem—theyprobablywantfeedbackmorethanyouthink.(下次你听到别人发错音的时候，或者在他们的衬衫上看到一个脏的标记，指出给他们看——他们可能比你想象的更需要反馈。)”可推断，FrancescaGino建议人们要积极给出反馈、提供建议。故选C。DTesla’sself-drivingcarshaverecentlycomeunderinvestigationasareportoncrashesraisesquestionsabouttheirsafety.DespiteTeslaCEOElonMusk’sclaimthattheirAutopilotcapabilitymakestheircars“unequivocally(毫不含糊地)safer,”datasuggestsotherwise.AccordingtoTheWashingtonPost,thenumberofdeathsandseriousinjuriesassociatedwithTesla’sdriver-assistancetechnologyishigherthanpreviouslyreported.TheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration(NHTSA)recorded736crashessince2019,withatleast17ofthembeingfatal.ThesefiguresincludecrashesinvolvingbothAutopilot,whichallowscarstodriveonhighwayswithouthumanintervention,andthenewerFullSelf-Drivingfeature,whichextendsautomationtocitystreets.However,thesestatisticscan’trecordincidentsthatwereavoidedduetothecars’safetyfeatures.Additionally,whencomparedtothetotalnumberofcarcrashesthatoccurredlastyear,thenumberofcrashesinvolvingdriver-assistancevehiclesappearsrelativelysmall,butactuallyit’snot.Tesla’ssafetyclaimslackcontextasAutopilotisprimarilydesignedforhighways,whilemostaccidentsoccurinmorecomplexenvironmentswithcross-traffic,pedestrians,andcyclists.Moreover,Tesla’scustomerbaseconsistsmainlyofwealthierindividualswholiveincommunitieswithloweraccidentrates.ConcernsareraisedbyTesla’srequesttotheNHTSAnottorevealwhetherAutopilotorFullSelf-Drivingwasinuseduringfatalcrashes.Thislackoftransparency(透明)preventsacomprehensiveanalysisoftheincidentsandraisesquestionsaboutresponsibility.Safetyexaggerations(夸大)combinedwithTesla’saggressivemarketinghaveledtoaccidentscausedbydriversrelyingtooheavilyonthesystem.FullSelf-Drivingdoesnotallowthecartofullydriveitself,anddriversareexpectedtoremainattentiveandreadytointerveneatalltimes.However,Tesla’smessagingmaymisleadsomeusersintobelievingotherwise.Whileadriverlessfuturehasthepotentialtobesafer,itiscrucialnottoconvincethepublicthatunderdevelopedcapabilitiesarereadyforwidespreaduse.Teslashouldaddresspastproblems,ensuretheirautomationsetcandetectemergencyvehicles,andbetransparentwiththepublicaboutthelimitationsoftheirtechnology.Rushingtheimplementationofsuchtechnologywithoutaddressingitslimitationscouldleadtoseriousconsequencesontheroad.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutTesla’sdriver-assistance-relatedcrashesfromparagraph2?A.736fatalcasesofself-drivingarerecorded.B.NHTSAfocusedonthecrashesonhighways.C.Thetotalnumberofcarcrashesisextremelysmall.D.Theincidentsavoidedarenotcountedinthecrashstatistics.13.WhatcanbeinferredaboutTesla’ssafetyclaims?A.Theyaresupportedbycomprehensivedata.B.Theyarebasedonlimiteddrivingenvironment.C.Theyarerestrictedtotheexperiencesofsatisfiedcustomers.D.TheyhavebeenproventobeaccurateandreliablebyNHTSA.14.WhatcanweknowaboutFullSelf-Driving?A.Itisill-received. B.Itiswell-developed.C.Itneedsthedrivertostayfocused. D.Itreducestheaccidentsgreatly.15.Whichtitlebestsummarizesthecontentofthistext?A.ConcernsandQuestionsSurroundingTesla’s“Self-Driving”CarsB.Tesla’sSelf-DrivingCars:TheSafestOptionofDrivingontheRoadC.TheFutureofSelf-DrivingCars:ACloserLookatTesla’sTechnologyD.ReconstructionandRevolutionofTesla’sAutopilotandFullSelf-Driving【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是特斯拉的自动驾驶车辆所受到的一些质疑和它自身存在的一些问题。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“However,thesestatisticscan’trecordincidentsthatwereavoidedduetothecars’safetyfeatures.(然而，这些统计数据并不能记录由于汽车的安全特性而避免的事故。)”可知，避免的事故不计入撞车统计。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Tesla’ssafetyclaimslackcontextasAutopilotisprimarilydesignedforhighways,whilemostaccidentsoccurinmorecomplexenvironmentswithcross-traffic,pedestrians,andcyclists.Moreover,Tesla’scustomerbaseconsistsmainlyofwealthierindividualswholiveincommunitieswithloweraccidentrates.(特斯拉的安全声明缺乏背景，因为自动驾驶仪主要是为高速公路设计的，而大多数事故发生在更复杂的环境中，有交叉交通、行人和骑自行车的人。此外，特斯拉的客户群主要是生活在事故率较低社区的富裕人士。)”可知，特斯拉的安全声明是基于有限的驾驶环境。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“FullSelf-Drivingdoesnotallowthecartofullydriveitself,anddriversareexpectedtoremainattentiveandreadytointerveneatalltimes.(全自动驾驶不允许汽车完全自动驾驶，司机需要保持注意力，随时准备干预。)”可知，全自动驾驶需要司机保持专注。故选C。15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Tesla’sself-drivingcarshaverecentlycomeunderinvestigationasareportoncrashesraisesquestionsabouttheirsafety.DespiteTeslaCEOElonMusk’sclaimthattheirAutopilotcapabilitymakestheircars“unequivocally(毫不含糊地)safer,”datasuggestsotherwise.(特斯拉的自动驾驶汽车最近受到调查，因为一份关于车祸的报告引发了对其安全性的质疑。尽管特斯拉首席执行官ElonMusk声称，他们的自动驾驶功能使他们的汽车“绝对更安全”，但数据显示并非如此。)”及后文的描述可知，本文主要讲的是特斯拉的自动驾驶车辆所受到的一些质疑和它自身存在的一些问题，因此最好的题目是A选项“ConcernsandQuestionsSurroundingTesla’s“Self-Driving”Cars(围绕特斯拉“自动驾驶”汽车的担忧和问题)”。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MakingtheMostofLifeExperiencesIfyouaskanyonewhatthepurposeoflifeis,you’lllikelyreceivewildlydifferentresponses.Theanswerisdeeplypersonalbecausedifferentthingsareimportanttousthroughoutthecourseofourlives.____16____Findingwaystomakethemostofourexperiencesisachallengewefaceeveryday.Herearesomewaystomakeyourexperiencesmeaningful.Followyourdreams.Thenumberonewaytolivealifefreeofregretistofollowyourdreams.Enthusiasmwilldiewithoutactionssupportingthem.____17____Everydaytakeanaction,nomatterhowsmall,toachieveyourgoals.Eachdayisastepforwardandnoneofitiswasted.Makelotsofmistakes.____18____ManyofmystrongestmemoriescomefromthetimesI’vefailed,andthoselessonshavestayedwithme.Failureisbeneficialtous.Andtimeallowsmetoseethevalueofeventhemostpainfulsituation.____19____Difficultandpainfulexperiencesshapeourcharacterbutcanalsoletusfeeldown.Thesestopusfrommovingforward.Somuchofourprogressinlifereliesonwillpowerandahealthystateofmind.Ifyou’reunderstress,yourbodyandmindbothrequiretimetorecover.____20____Forme,lifeisaboutexperiences.Weallhavetodream,workhard,andfailbeforewecanachievesuccess.Maybewe’lldiscoveralongthewaythatthejourneyismoreimportantthanthedestination.A.Takecareofyourself.B.Improveyourpersonality.C.Makingmistakesisthesurestpathtogrowasaperson.D.It’sbesttorest,recover,andslowlybuildbackupyourstrength.E.Yetonethingstayswithusnomatterwherewego:ourexperiences.F.Thoughwetryourbesttomakefewermistakes,itisimpossibletoavoidthem.G.Thoughwecan’tchoosetheresultofouractions,wecanchoosetokeeppursuing.【答案】16.E17.G18.C19.A20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何充分利用自己的经历，让经历变得有意义。【16题详解】根据上文“Ifyouaskanyonewhatthepurposeoflifeis,you’lllikelyreceivewildlydifferentresponses.Theanswerisdeeplypersonalbecausedifferentthingsareimportanttousthroughoutthecourseofourlives.(如果你问任何人生活的目的是什么，你可能会得到截然不同的回答。答案因人而异，因为在我们的一生中，不同的事情对我们都很重要)”以及后文“Findingwaystomakethemostofourexperiencesisachallengewefaceeveryday.Herearesomewaystomakeyourexperiencesmeaningful.(想办法充分利用我们的经历是我们每天都要面对的挑战。下面是一些让你的经历变得有意义的方法)”可知，后文提到了利用经历，可见本句是在说明经历的意义。故E选项“然而有一样东西无论我们走到哪里都会陪伴着我们：那就是我们的经历”符合语境。故选E。【17题详解】根据上文“Thenumberonewaytolivealifefreeofregretistofollowyourdreams.Enthusiasmwilldiewithoutactionssupportingthem.(让生活没有遗憾的首要方法就是追随你的梦想。没有行动的支持，热情就会消失)”以及后文“Everydaytakeanaction,nomatterhowsmall,toachieveyourgoals.Eachdayisastepforwardandnoneofitiswasted.(每天采取一个行动，不管多小，都要实现你的目标。每一天都是前进的一步，没有一分浪费)”可知，上文提到要追求梦想，且付出行动，G选项中keeppursuing对应上文中followyourdreams。故G选项“虽然我们不能选择行为的结果，但我们可以选择继续追求”符合语境。故选G。【18题详解】根据后文“ManyofmystrongestmemoriescomefromthetimesI’vefailed,andthoselessonshavestayedwithme.Failureisbeneficialtous.Andtimeallowsmetoseethevalueofeventhemostpainfulsituation.(我的许多最强烈的记忆都来自于我的失败，这些教训一直伴随着我。失败对我们有益。时间让我看到即使是最痛苦的处境的价值)”可知，本段的主旨是从错误中成长，故C选项“犯错误是一个人成长最可靠的途径”符合语境。故选C。【19题详解】根据上文“Difficultandpainfulexperiencesshapeourcharacterbutcanalsoletusfeeldown.Thesestopusfrommovingforward.Somuchofourprogressinlifereliesonwillpowerandahealthystateofmind.(困难和痛苦的经历塑造了我们的性格，但也会让我们感到沮丧。这些阻碍了我们前进。我们生活中的进步很大程度上依赖于意志力和健康的心态)”可知，后文提到了健康的重要性，可见要照顾好自己。故A选项“照顾好自己”符合语境。故选A。20题详解】根据上文“Ifyou’reunderstress,yourbodyandmindbothrequiretimetorecover.(如果你处于压力之下，你的身体和精神都需要时间来恢复)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明如何应对压力：休息、恢复，然后慢慢恢复体力。故D选项“最好是休息、恢复，然后慢慢恢复体力”符合语境。故选D。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Oneofthemostpowerfulforcesofnatureismotherlylove.Itisfoundnotjustinhumansbutis____21____amongmanyothertypesofcreatures.Itiswellknownthemotherbearsarefiercely____22____oftheiryoungandcaneasilyattackany____23____humanbeing.About20yearsago,ahomeless____24____drewinternationalheadlines.InArgentinaamanwaswalkingona____25____nightwhenheheardthecriesofababy.Followingthesound,hefoundanewbornhumanbabybeingwarmedbyadog.Thebaby,whohadbeen____26____byhermother,waslatertakentohospitalwithonlyminor____27____Ananimal'smaternal(母性的)instinctcanbesostrongthatthemotherwilloften____28____herownlifetosaveheryoung.Whencasesofthistypeof____29____arereported,thestoriescanbeheartwarmingor_____30_____,dependingonthecircumstances.OnestoryrelatedtoAustralia'sdeadlywildfirestouchedpeopleacrosstheworld.Afirefighter_____31_____afemalekoala(考拉)lyingontopofheryoung,_____32_____itsbabyfromsmoke.Anotherstoryhowever,endedsadly.Lastyear,peopleinAmericafoundanopossum(负鼠)thathadbeen_____33_____byacar,lyinginthestreet,but_____34_____thepocketofskinonitsstomachwerenineprotectedbabies,stilldrinkingmilkfromtheirdeadmother'sbody.Theloveofamotherindeedknowsno_____35_____.21.A.complex B.crucial C.specific D.evident22.A.proud B.protective C.skeptical D.sick23.A.threatening B.inspiring C.annoying D.striking24.A.man B.woman C.dog D.bear25.A.hot B.cold C.clear D.quiet26.A.abandoned B.protected C.tended D.wrapped27.A.setbacks B.concerns C.errors D.injuries28.A.cherish B.risk C.lengthen D.change29.A.romances B.fantasies C.sacrifices D.memories30.A.tragic B.funny C.thrilling D.scary31.A.lookedinto B.raninto C.burstinto D.gotinto32.A.distinguishing B.separating C.sheltering D.releasing33.A.seized B.carried C.killed D.stopped34.A.inside B.outside C.over D.beyond35.A.benefits B.boundaries C.resu