杨四军武科大教授单元九 汽车维护(课件)-《汽车专用英语 第三版》同步教学 （人交版）

汽车商标汽车及其历史汽车发动机汽车底盘单元一单元二单元三单元四汽车电气设备汽车车身汽车使用说明书及维修手册汽车检测与维修设备单元五单元六单元七单元八汽车维护汽车检测与维修新能源汽车概述汽车商务接待单元九单元十单元十一单元十二

单元九

活塞连杆组故障诊断与修复汽车维护

学习目标

完成本学习任务后，你应该能：1.了解汽车的基本维护；2.掌握汽车维护基本作业的英语表达；3.对相关内容进行阅读和翻译；4.对汽车维护英文单词或词汇进行辨认；5.正确完成课后练习。建议学时4

学时Text

Owningacarcanmeantroubleifyouarenotpreparedtohandleinevitablebreakdownandrepairs．Itisnecessaryforyoutomakeclearitspreventativemaintenanceandknowhowtoavoidordealwithproblemswhenyourcarneedsrepairs．Lookatthefollowing:Acarisoutoforder，everybodyinthecarislookingforarepairingshop(Fig.9-1).HowtoMaintainYourCarFig.9-1LookforaRepairingShopText

Thereareseveralthingsyoucandotosaveasignificantamountoftimeandmoneyoverthelifetimeofyourcar,aswellasprolongitslife．Readingtheusermanual(Fig.9-2)isessentialforyoutodo．Manualscontainusefulinformationonhowtokeepyourcarrunningproperly.Lookingforinformationsuchas，thetypeandweightofoiltouseinvariousseasons，itspropermaintenanceintervalsandthemaximumloadyourcarcancarryortow，maybesohelpfultocareyourcar．HowtoMaintainYourCarFig.9-2UserManualText

Ifyourcarhasamanualtransmission，findoutthepropershiftpointsformaximumenginelife，whichareusuallythesameasdescribedformaximumfuelefficiency．Readyourmanual'swarrantyinformationsection．Followingthesedirectionswillprovideyouwiththefullwarrantyduration．Also，thewarrantyrequirementsareagoodmaintenancescheduletoadhereto,evenafterthewarrantyhasexpired．Changeyourcar'sengineoil（Fig.9-3)namelylubricatingoilregularly.Oneofthequickestwaystoruinacar'sengineisfailingtochangeitslubricatingoil，orworse，lettingtheoilleveldroptoolow．Changeyourcar'soilevery3,000to5,000milesorsoonerifyoudoalotofdrivinginthecity，inadustyenvironment，orifyouroutinelycarryaheavyloadortowatrailer．HowtoMaintainYourCarText

Havetheoilchangedatadealership，servicestation，quick－oil－changeorrepairfacility．Mostservicestationsincludea“lubejob”alongwithanoilchange，aswellasinspectothercriticalfluidlevelsinyourcar．Manynewcars，however，donotneedtraditionallubricationsincetheirpartsarepermanentlylubricatedandsealed．HowtoMaintainYourCarFig.9-3ChangeCar'sEngineOilText

Ifyouprefer，youcanevendoityourself（Fig.9-4)suchaschangeyourcar'soilandfilterit．Manyservicestationswillacceptandproperlydisposeofusedoil．HowtoMaintainYourCarFig.9-4DoityourselfText

Despiteowningthebestmaintenance，problemsmayoccurwithanymechanicaldeviceascomplexasacar．Ifyoucannotfixtheproblemyourself，findareputablerepairshoptodothejob．Therearemanyfactorsinvolvedinfindingtherightplacetotakeyourcarforrepair，butthesearchingjobcanbesimplifiedifyouknowwhatyouneed．HowtoMaintainYourCarText

Ifyourcarisstillunderwarranty，youmaynothavemanyoptions．Usually，repairworkcoveredbythewarrantyonnewcarsmustbeperformedbyamechanicoranautomotiveservicetechniciancertifiedbythemanufacturer．Often，themanufacturerwillspecifythatwarrantyworkmustbeperformedatadealer'spost-saleservicecenter(Fig.9-5).However，thewarrantyworkmaynothavetobeperformedwhereyoupurchasedyourcar．Readyourwarrantycarefullytodeterminewhatproceduresmustbefollowed．ifyouaretobereimbursedfortherepaircosts．Ifyouarestillindoubt,askquestionsatthedealershipwhereyouboughtyourcar．HowtoMaintainYourCarText

HowtoMaintainYourCarFig.9-5Post-saleServiceCenterText

Ifyourwarrantyhasexpired，youarefreetolookaroundforareputableshopwhichwillperformcompetentrepairworkonyourcaratacompetitivelowcost．Nowlet'sfindoutmoreaboutthedailymaintenanceforcars．Intheprocessofusingyourcareveryday，youcanmakesomesimplemaintenancechecks，thesecheckscanguaranteeyourcarrunssafelyandsmoothly．Checkthedisplayofallkindsofpanels．Iftherearesomeproblems，itshouldberepairedorchanged．Checkyoursparkplugs．Irregularlyworkingsparkplugsuseupmorefuelandmoney．Otherpartsthatshouldbecaredincludetheelectricsystem，thecoolingsystem，etc.，whichishelpfultokeeptheengineingoodrunningorder．HowtoMaintainYourCarText

Checkyourbeltsandhoses．Changethewornordamagedone．Checkyourlightsoften．Abulbcouldburnoutandyouwouldn'tknow.Checkyourtirepressureandtread．Anunevenlyworntreadshowsanalignmentortireinflationproblem．Worn－outordamagedtiresshouldbechanged．Checkbrakesoften．Changetheworn－outordamagedfrictionpadandmakesurethatthereisanappropriategapbetweenthefrictionpadandthebrakedisc．Remembertochangeoilforyourcarregularly．Toolongperiodbetweenoilchangesmayresultinasickcar．Fillyourengine，transmission，brakepipelineandaxleswithappropriatefuel，lubricatingoilorgrease．Payattentiontocleanyourcaroften．HowtoMaintainYourCar参考译文

如果你没有准备好应对不可避免的故障和维修，拥有一辆私家车就意味着添麻烦。你需要了解车辆日常维护和如何避免或处理当你的车需要修理时所面临的各种问题。下面为车辆抛锚时大家在想方设法找寻修理店的情景（图9－1）。怎样维护你的车图9-1找寻修理店参考译文

你可以做一些事情来节省大量车辆使用过程中不必要的时间浪费和金钱花销，而且能延长你的车的寿命。认真阅读用户手册（图9-2）就是最起码要做的事。用户手册包括如何保证车辆正常运行的有用信息。仔细了解这些信息将对你的车辆维护很有帮助，例如：不同季节所用机油的类型和用量、维护间隔期、车辆能携带或牵引的最大负载。怎样维护你的车图9-2用户手册参考译文

如果你的车装配为手动变速器，找到发动机最佳换挡点，这样既能延长发动机的使用寿命又能保证较高的燃油效率。阅读用户手册中的质量保证信息部分，遵守那些要求会让你得到充分的质量保证。同时,严格按照维护要求,保持定期维护,即使过了保修期也要坚持。定期更换车辆机油（图9-3），即润滑油。导致发动机损坏的最快方法之一就是不更换润滑油，更糟的是使用劣质润滑油。3000~5000英里更换一次车辆的润滑油，如果车辆长期行驶在市区、尘土环境，或者长期使车辆满载或重牵引情况下行驶则更换里程提前。怎样维护你的车图9-3更换机油参考译文

一定要在授权代理商、服务站、快速机油更换店或者快修店那里做机油的更换维护。大多数服务站都提供“润滑作业”，而且在更换润滑油的同时检查你车上其他重要部分的润滑油质量。但是许多新型汽车不需要传统的润滑更换,因为他们的零件是终身润滑和密封的。如果你愿意，你甚至可以自己动手维护（图9-4），如更换和过滤车辆的润滑油。许多服务站都回收和处理用过的润滑油。怎样维护你的车图9-4自己动手维护参考译文

尽管维护很好，任何像汽车这样复杂的机械设备都会出现故障。如果你不能确认故障，那就找一个声誉较好的修理厂来维修。为维修汽车寻找合适修理厂的因素有很多，但是只要你知道你的车需要维修什么,那么选择就会简单得多。如果你的车还在保修期，你不需要对修理厂做过多的选择。通常,保修期内车辆的修理工作应该由机械或汽车经销商或制造商的维修技术人员来完成。通常情况下,厂家指定保修工作必须在某个经销商的售后服务中心（图9-5）完成。怎样维护你的车图9-5售后服务中心参考译文

然而，售后服务中心有可能不覆盖你购买车辆的所在地。要仔细阅读你的保修合同,以确定你若想补偿修理费用必须遵循什么程序。如有疑问,请向你购买汽车的经销商询问。如果你车的保修期过了，你可以自己找一家声誉好且维修成本低的维修店来维修你的车。下面我们一起了解一下汽车的日常维护。在每天用车过程中，你可以做一些简单的维护检查，这会使你的汽车安全平稳地运行。检查各种仪表盘的显示，若有异常，应检修或更换。定期检查发动机的火花塞。火花塞工作不正常会让你的汽车既费油又费钱。其他应该注意的还包括发动机的电气系统、冷却系统等，这些都有助于让发动机良好运行。怎样维护你的车参考译文

检查一下皮带和进出水软管。更换磨损或损坏的皮带或软管。检查车灯状况。有可能一个灯泡烧坏了而你却全然不知。经常检查轮胎气压和胎面。轮胎磨损不均表明车轮定位或轮胎充气有问题。过度磨损和损坏的轮胎要及时更换。经常检查汽车的制动器。更换磨损或损坏的制动器摩擦片，并确保制动器摩擦片和制动盘之间有合适的间隙。切记定期为汽车进行机油更换。更换周期过长可能导致整车故障。同时要为你的发动机、变速器、制动管路和车桥等部件加注合适的燃油、润滑油或润滑脂等。注意经常保持车辆洁净。怎样维护你的车ReadingMaterial1.MaintenanceofenginesEnginesmustbecleanedfromtimetotimebecauseengines′runningforalongtimewouldresultinathicklayerofcarbondepositsonthesurfaceofengines.Asaresult,therubberpartsinengineswillsufferfromgreaterosion.2.PreventingevaporationofpetrolandwaterInsummerthetemperatureisusuallyhigh,petrolandoiltendtoevaporatemorequicklythanusual.Soyou′dbettercheckwateroroiltanksoftenandaddgasolineandwaterwhentheyarescarce.3.KeepingcarchamberrefinementcleanSummeristhefastestgrowingseasonforbacteria．Itisvitaltokeeptheinteriorofcarclean,especiallycarcushion,steeringcoverandfloormatsetc.，whichcaneasilygetdirty.TipsfordailyuseofcarsReadingMaterial4.ReplacingwindshieldwipersintimeDrivingonrainydays,wemustcheckwhetherwindshieldwipersareingoodcondition.Rubberbladeagingwillhappenonawindshieldwiperthathasbeenusedforalongtime.Inordertomakesurethatwecanhaveagoodsightduringdrivinginrainyweather,wemustreplacewindshieldwiperseveryoneortwoyears.5.RenewingseatcushionsAcoolcushionisthebestchoiceforcarprotectiondrivinginahotseason.Choosecoolratherthanslipperycushioninordertopreventtraffic