2011年考研英语二真题及参考答案

2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheInternetaffordsanonymitytothatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimeCanprivacybepreserved24tomaketheWebasaferplahigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphowouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservicTheideaisto8afederationofprivateonlinsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitiesha 12theapproach“neighborhoods”andbright"streetlights"toestablishasenseofa_13__cancompleteonlinetransactionswith14__,trustingtidentitiesoftheinfrastructure_15whichtStill,theadministration'splanhas_16__privacyapproach;othersareconcerned.Iwould_17__beacompulsorythatthe“voluntaryecosystem”envisionedbyMr.Schmidtwouldstill 19TheyarguethatallInterthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpub1.A.swept2.A.forB.withinC.whilet7.A.linkedB.directedC.chained8.A.dismissB.discoverC,createdtDirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETI.(40points)latershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmuchcriticism.Butbytheendoenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?ByFebruarboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirrepuindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive'sproposalfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletandmorethan64,000differewhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothaboardwasage,sotheresearchundertheageof70.Theyfoundthwillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingalwaysjumpingoffasinkingship.OButtheresearchersbelievethatoutstheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowandirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwisefollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,o21.AccordingtoP[D]leavingtheboard22.WelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedir23.Accordingtotheresea[B]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirm25.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtherolWhateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?AyearrecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfleNewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.FederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroubecomecharitablecorporations?Shouldthestatesoon.ButthediscussionsnowseemoInmuchoftheworldthereislittlesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcorneroindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenIthasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince2Readersarepayingmoreforsltodistantsuburbs.Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesanjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.AmericanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirreFully87%oftheirrevenuescEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).IThewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratehavegone.Sohavescienceandgeneralbusinessreporcutoff.Newspapersarelesscompletnewspaperbusiness.27.Somenewspapersrefuseddeliverytodista[B]newspaperswantedtoreduC]journalistsreportedlittleaboutthesea[D]subscriberscomplai28.ComparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestab[B]havemorebalancednewsr29.Whatcanbeinferred[A]Distinctivenessisanessentialfeatureofnewspape30.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextwould[A]AmericanNewspap[B]AmericanNewspapers:GonewithC]AmericanNewspapers:AThrivingBusiness[D]AmericanNewspapers:AHoWetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprospeandgrowth,withsoldiersreturninghomebythemiliningupatthemarriagebureaus.Butwhenitcametotheirhouses,itwasatimeofcommonsenseandabeliefthtrulybemore.DuringtheDepressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtthatrestraint,incombinationwiththepostwarconfidenceinhousingpositivelystyEconomicconditionwasonlyastimulusforthetrendtow“lessismore”wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarIIandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.ThesedesignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourseofAmericanarchitecture,butnoneMies'ssignaturephrasemeansthatlealot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.Likeoemployedmetal,glassandlaminatedwood-materialsthatwetakeforgrantedtdesignedweresmallandTheapartmentsintheeleganttoweresmaller----two-bedroomunitalongthecity'sGoldCoast.Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirtheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings'detailsandprequivalentoftheabstractartsopopularatthetime.Thetrendtoward“less”wasnotentirelyforeign.Inttwo-storyoneshehaddesThe“CaseStudyHouses”commissionedfr&Architecturemagazinebetween1945and1962were“lessismore”trend.Aestheticeffectcamefromthelandscape,newmatedetailing.InhisCaseStudyHouse,RalphRapsonmayhavemispredictedjusthowmechanicalrevolutionwouldimpacteverydaylife-fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers-buthisbeliefthatself-sufficiencywasbothdesirableandinevitablewaswidelyshared31.ThepostwarAmericanhousingstylelargelyre32.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3ab[A]ItwasfoundedbyLudwigM[B]Itsdesigningconceptwasaff[C]MostAmericanarchitectsusedtobeasso33.Miesheldthateleganceofarchite34.WhatistrueabouttheapartmentsMies[B]Theywerebuiltwithmaterialspopularatthattim35.Whatcanwelearnaboutthedesignoft[A]MechanicaldevicesweNoweventheproject'sgreatestcheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacinga“Bermudatriangle"ofdebt,populationdeccountriesthatusethesinglecurrency.Marketshavelostfawhichdeniesuncompetitivemembersthequickfixofstuckbecausetheeurozone'sdominantpowers,greaterharmonizationwithintGermanythinkstheeuromustbesavedcompetitiveness,backedbyqmightincludethreatstofresuspensionofacountry'svotingrico-ordinationshouldinvolveall27membersoftheEUKaaKaamajorityforfree-marketliberalismheadedbyFrenchwantssomethingdifferent:“Europeinnercoreofeuro-zonemembers.Translated,thatmeanspoliticiansinterveninginmonetarypolicyandasystemofredischeaperborrowingforgovernmentsthroughcommonEurobondsorcFinally,figuresclosetotheFrancegovernmenthavemurmured,euro-zonemembersshotosomefiscalandsocialharmonization:ItistoosoontowriteofftheEU.Itremainstheworld'slargesttradingblock.AtitsbeEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal:builtaroundasinglemaarea.Itisanambitiousat[C]someofitsmembercountriesplanto[D]itintendstodenythepossi38.Tosolvetheeuroproblem,Germanypro[B]stricterregulationsbeimpos[D]votingrightsoftheEUmembersbeguarant39.TheFrenchproposalofhandlingthecrisisimpliesthat[B]strictmonetarypolicywillbeappliedtopoorco[C]loanswillbereadilyavailDirections:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)healthbydemandingthatministerscigarette-stylewarningsThedemandsfollowinsistedthegovernmentcouldnotforcepeopletomakehealthychoicesandbusinessesfrompublichealButseniormedicalfigureswanttostopfadvertisingofproductshighinfat,saltorsugar,andlimitsponsorshipandhelphaltspiralingratestoobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.ProPresidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPaediatricsandChildHealth,saidthattheconsumptionof“Thirtyyearsago,itwouldhavebeeninconceivabletohaveimaginedabanonsmokthework-placeorinpubs,andyetthatiswhatwehavenow.Arewewicourageousinrespectofobesity?1wouldsuggestthatweshouLansleyhasalarmedhealthcampaignersbysuggestinghewantsindusroleintheChange4Lifecampaign,thecentrepieceofgovernmenteffortstoboosthealthyeandfitness.HehasalsocriticschoollunchesinEnglandasanexampleofwerereallybold,wemightevenbegintothinkofhigh-caloriecigarettes-bysettingstrictlimschemerunbyFootballAssociation.Fast-foodchainsshouldalsostopoffering“indProfessorDineshBhugra,PresidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPsychiatrists,said:"Ifchildreninformationisavailableupfront.”Healsourgedcouncilstoimpose“fasthospitals——areaswithinwhichtakeawaysKaiKaiADepartmentofHealthspokespersonsaid:“Weneedtocreateanewvisionforpublicheawhereallofsocietyworkstogethertogethealthyandlivelonge‘responsibilitydeal'withbusiness,builtonsocialresponsibility,notstateregulation.Laterthisyear,wewillpublishawhitepapersettingoutexactlyh