11形容词和副词

第十一讲形容词和副词01形容词和副词1.形容词和副词的句法作用

|2.形容词变副词的方法

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3.形容词和副词的比较等级

4.形容词和副词的最高级

|5.形容词和副词的几个注意事项I.单句语法填空|II.单句改错|III.翻译句子|IV.语法填空

|V.短文改错02针对训练形容词和副词形容词和副词是历年高考的必考点。形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，表示事物或人的性质和特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至是句子。一、形容词和副词的句法作用形容词的句法作用形容词主要修饰名词或代词，在句中主要作定语，表语和补足语。1Thereisabeautifulparkinthecenterofthecity.在城市中心有一座美丽的公园。Thefilmisbothinspiringandinteresting.这部电影既有趣又令人振奋。Wemustkeepourcitycleanandtidy.我们必须让我们的城市干净整洁。一、形容词和副词的句法作用副词的句法作用副词在句子中主要用作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词，有时还可修饰短语和句子。1XiaoLiworksveryhardinthefactoryeveryday.小李每天在工厂里努力工作。Heusuallygetsupatsixandheisneverlateforclass.他每天6点起床，从未上课迟到。Luckily，hemanagedtoclimbupthesteephill.幸运的是，他爬上了这座陡峭的山。二、形容词变副词的方法一般在形容词的词尾加-ly将其变成副词。如quick—quickly，slow—slowly，loud—loudly，sudden—suddenly等。1一些以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，要把­y改为­i，再加-ly。如happy—happily，angry—angrily，lucky—luckily，heavy—heavily，noisy—noisily等。2有些以-ble或­le结尾的形容词，去掉­e再加­y。如happy—happily，angry—angrily，lucky—luckily，heavy—heavily，noisy—noisily等。3二、形容词变副词的方法一少数以-e结尾的形容词，要去掉­e再加-ly，如true—truly等。但绝大多数以­e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。如polite—politely，wide—widely，immediate—immediately等。4以-l结尾的形容词要在词尾加-ly，以­ll结尾的形容词要在词尾加-y。如usual—usually，careful—carefully，useful—usefully，full—fully等。5三、形容词和副词的比较等级构成规则——规则变化1构成例词原级比较级最高级单音节的词一般情况下直接加-er和­estsmallsmallersmallestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest以e结尾的单音节词和少数以-ble结尾的双音节词加­r和­stnicenicernicestcutecutercutestableablerablest三、形容词和副词的比较等级构成规则——规则变化1构成例词原级比较级最高级以一个辅音字母结尾，且前面只有一个元音的词，双写辅音字母后再加­er和-estfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottest以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，先把y变为i再加­er和­esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest三、形容词和副词的比较等级构成规则——规则变化1构成例词原级比较级最高级少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，加-er和-estclevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在前面加more和mostcarefulmorecarefulmostcarefulefficientlymoreefficientlymostefficiently三、形容词和副词的比较等级构成规则——不规则变化1原级比较级最高级good，wellbetterbestbad，illworseworstmany，muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest三、形容词和副词的比较等级基本用法——平级比较2①as＋原级adj./adv.＋as...和······一样notas/so＋原级adj./adv.＋as...不如······Theoldmanwalksasfastas

ayoungman.这位老人走路和年轻人一样快。三、形容词和副词的比较等级基本用法——平级比较2②as＋原级adj.＋a(n)＋n.＋as...跟······一样Ourneighborhasasbig

ahouseasours.我们邻居的房子和我们的一样大。三、形容词和副词的比较等级基本用法——比较级2①比较级＋than...比······更；less...than不如······Thisyeartheyhaveproducedlessgrainthantheydidlastyear.今年他们生产的谷物比去年少。三、形容词和副词的比较等级基本用法——比较级2②the＋比较级...the＋比较级越······，越······It'sbelievedthattheharder

youwork，thebetter

resultyou'llget.人们相信你工作越努力，你获得的结果越好。三、形容词和副词的比较等级基本用法——比较级2③the＋比较级＋ofthe＋名词/代词，两者中“较······的”Whoistheyoungerofthetwoboys?两个男孩中谁较小？

[名师指津]

倍数表达法·倍数＋as＋原级形容词(副词)＋as...·倍数＋thesize/length/width/depth/heightof...·倍数＋比较级＋than＋被比较对象Thisroomis3timesasbigas

thatone.＝Thisroomis3timesbiggerthan

thatone.＝Thisroomis3timesthesizeof

thatone.这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。四、形容词和副词的最高级三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。表示范围的标志词有in，of，among等。Raymond'sparentswantedhimtohavethebest

possibleeducation.雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。1四、形容词和副词的最高级最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，byfar，nearly，almost等。Thisisbyfarthemostinspiring

moviethatIhaveeverseen.这是我曾看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。2四、形容词和副词的最高级最高级含义的其他表达法。(1)“否定词语＋比较级”或“否定词语＋such/so...as”结构表示最高级含义。—DoyouthinkthattheChineseNationalGameswereasuccess?—Yes，absolutely!Itcouldn'tbebetter.——你认为这届中国全运会成功吗？——是的，绝对成功！没有比它更好的了。3四、形容词和副词的最高级最高级含义的其他表达法。(2)比较级形式表示最高级含义。Juliaistallerthananyothergirlinherclass.＝Juliaistallerthanalltheothergirlsinherclass.＝Juliaisthetallestgirlinherclass.朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。3anyother+可数名词单数比较级+than+alltheother+可数名词复数anything/anyoneelse四、形容词和副词的最高级thelast表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。Thelast

thingtheywantistoworkintheredareaswherelifeishard.他们最不乐意的是在生活艰难的红色区域里工作。4五、形容词和副词的几个注意事项下列单词以“­ly”结尾，但却是形容词而非副词lively，lonely，lovely，deadly，friendly，ugly，silly，likely(可能的)，brotherly，timely(及时的)等。It'slikelythatwewilllosethegame.我们可能会输掉这场比赛。1五、形容词和副词的几个注意事项有无-ly的副词的区别一般情况下，不带­ly的副词表示具体概念，而带­ly的副词表示抽象概念。close表示空间距离，closely仔细地deep表示空间深度，deeply深深地wide表示空间宽度，widely广泛地free免费地，freely自由地late晚，lately最近2五、形容词和副词的几个注意事项有无-ly的副词的区别2

[名师指津]

direct与directly的用法区别：两者均可表示“径直地”、“直接地”，但direct通常只位于动词之后，而directly则可位于动词之前或之后。ThetraingoesdirectfromBeijingtoQingdao.火车从北京直达青岛。Hisspeechdirectlyaffectedthestrike.他的演讲直接影响了罢工。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen__________(poor)studied.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)2．Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements，leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare__________(high)thantheyactuallyare.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)3．Heryearsofhardworkhave__________(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)4．“...Wearesoproudofher.It’s__________(wonder)．”(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)5．Theyalsosharedwithusmany__________(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere__________(huge)popularwithtourists.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)poorly

higherfinally

wonderful

traditional

hugelyⅠ.单句语法填空6．Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal，runnerslivethreeyears________(long)thannon-runners.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)7.Cornuseslesswater________riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)8.Hescreamsthe________(loud)ofall.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)9.Therecouldbeaneven________(high)costonyourhealth.(2018·浙江高考)10.Even

(bad)，theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)longerthanloudesthigherworseⅠ.单句语法填空11．TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost_______________(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)12．Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen___________(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)13．Idon'twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis_______________(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)14．Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe_______________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.(全国卷Ⅰ)successfulfairlycertainlyofficiallyⅠ.单句语法填空15．Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof_______________(great)andlessimportance.(全国卷Ⅱ)16．Recentlytheywereawardedthe_______________(high)environmentalhonorfromtheUnitedNationsfortheirgreatcontributionstocreatingagreenerworld.(2020·广东广州一模)17．ThisgreenGreatWall，whichatitspeakduringtheQingDynastycoveredthousandsofhectares，hadbythe1950s，_______________(virtual)disappeared.(2020·广东佛山一模)18．Thejournal，Neurology，publishedastudywhichfoundpeoplewhoateleafygreens，hadbrainsthatfunctionedaswellaspeopleelevenyears_______________(young)，comparedtothosewhoatelittleornone.(2020·甘肃张掖模拟)greaterhighestvirtually

youngerⅠ.单句语法填空19．Theothertwohadrunaway，buttheyfollowedthebigman

(close)andcaughthim.(2019·临夏模拟)20．TheSilkRoadopenedupintheHanDynastyleadingtotheMiddleandWesternAsiaand_______________Rome.(2019·郑州模拟)21．Halfanhour___________，Imanagedtofindthecorrectanswer.(2019·昆明模拟)22．Thebook’ssurvivalofferedthechancetolearn

(much)aboutChinesecultureandmusicafter210yearsofsilence.(2019·洛阳模拟)23．Duringtheendofthe19thcenturyandthebeginningof20thcentury，BeijingOperafinallyformedandbecamethe

(big)ofalloperasinChina.(2019·天一大联考)closelyevenlatermorebiggestⅡ.单句改错1.Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)2．Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)3．OnewasthatIwasamazedatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchmorebetterafterseeingadoctor.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)4．First，Iwantedtobeafireman，whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)hardcoolinterestedⅡ.单句改错5．Then，whenIwasinthefifthgrade，IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachertoomuch.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)6．OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)7．WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)amazedordinaryvery/so

Ⅱ.单句改错1.Iwasafraidtospeakinfrontofalargergroupofpeople.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)2．ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)3．Ienjoyedstudyingdifferentkindsofcarsandplanes，playingpopmusic，andcollectingthelatemusicalbums.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)4．Afewminuteslate，theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)5．Theteenageyearsfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.(全国卷Ⅲ)suddenlatestlaterworstlargeⅡ.单句改错6．Atonetime，Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.(全国卷Ⅲ)7．Hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.(全国卷Ⅰ)8．Tosomeextent，examinationresultsaresometimeunexpectedbyyourstudylevel.(2020·菏泽模拟)9．Waterisveryimportanttous，withoutwhichtherewouldbenolife.Therefore，somepeopledon’tturnthetapoffatonceafterusingit.(2020·哈尔滨模拟)10．Onthatday,thousandsofalumnireturnedbackforthebigoccasion.(2019·化州模拟)freesteadilysometimesHoweverⅢ.翻译句子1．他集的邮票是我的三倍。2．在随后的三年里，我们的学校生活将会是具有挑战性的。3．现在这个城市的人口是十年前的十倍。4．在网上搜寻信息要比在图书馆里方便。HiscollectionofstampsisthreetimeswhatIhave.Inthecomingthreeyears，ourschoollifewillbechallenging.Now，thepopulationofthecityistentimesaslargeasitwastenyearsago.SeekinginformationontheInternetismoreconvenientthansearchinginalibrary.Ⅲ.翻译句子5．病人越早接受治疗，康复的可能性就越大。6．唱歌可以使人放松，帮助减轻压力。Theearlierthetreatmentisgiven，thebetterthepatient'schances.Singingsongsisrelaxing，whichcanhelpreducestress.Ⅳ.语法填空(2020·郑州模拟)We’resurroundedbydifferentcolors.Butyoumaynotknowcolorhasa1.________(big)impactonyourlifethanyoumightrealize.Forexample，thecolorsofyourwallshaveadirecteffectonyourmood.Therefore，itshouldcomeasnosurprisethatmajorairlineskeepthisinmindaswell.Fornot-so-frequentfliers，2.________(fly)intheairmaynotbewhattheywant.Theymayfearsomethingbadwouldhappen.Theymaysuffer3.

_(anxious)．AccordingtoBoeing，blueisuniversallyregarded4.

apeacefulcolor—andthatmayhelpremoveyourfearsaboutflying.biggerflyinganxietyasⅣ.语法填空“Thecolorofthesky，brightandsunny，5.

(help)lowerheartrate，decreasebloodpressure，andreleasedopaminein6.________brain，”

saysKelleyHopkins-A