2023学年完整公开课版专项（一）名词

专题一名词和冠词名词是中考考查的重点。考查内容主要为：(1)名词单、复数的变化规律及其用法；(2)不可数名词量的表达法；(3)名词所有格的构成及其用法；*(4)名词作主语的一致问题；*(5)常用专有名词的表示法；*(6)具体语境中名词的词义和一些常用易混淆名词的区别。(一)名词返回知识框图1.可数名词复数形式的不规则变化(1)元音或词尾发生变化。示例：man→men;woman→women;Frenchman→Frenchmen;tooth→teeth;foot→feet;child→children(2)单复数形式相同。示例：sheep→sheep;fish→fish;Chinese→Chinese;Japanese→Japanese;yuan→yuan(3)形式为单数，意思为复数。示例：people，police(4)形式为复数，意思为单数。示例：news,maths,physics,theUnitedStates(5)只用复数形式。示例：pants,shorts,clothes，glasses(6)由man,woman构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man、woman都变成复数。示例：mandriver→mendrivers;womanteacher→womenteachers

(7)其他合成名词，只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。示例：abananatree→bananatrees;ashoefactory→shoefactories2.不可数名词的量的表达(1)表不定数量时，一般用much，(a)little,alotof/lotsof,some,any等词修饰。示例：muchwater,somemilk,alittlemeat(2)表确定数量时，一般用“数词＋表示‘量’的名词＋of＋不可数名词”。示例：apieceofpaper,apieceofnews,abagofrice,twoglassesofmilk,fourbottlesofwater3.所有格当表示所有格的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用“名词＋of＋'s”形式，这种结构被称为双重所有格。如：afriendofJim's吉姆的一个朋友。注意区别：aphotoofmybrother's我弟弟所有照片中的一张；aphotoofmybrother一张我弟弟的照片。[特别提醒]名词词义的考查及一些常用易混淆名词的区别一直是中考的热点，后者也是学生学习的难点，因此要注意以下几点：名词意义上的差异；可数名词与不可数名词的区别运用；名词使用的场合和语境。返回根据中文、首字母提示或所给单词的正确形式填空1.Amonthlater,onedayin

(八月)2016,HarrisappearedinCharlie'sclassroom.(2018·温州)2.Thiswasasuccessful

(决定)madebythegovernmentinyears.(2018·湖州)3.Doyoustillhaveastronglovefor

(动画片).Orperhapsareallofthesechildishforyou?(2018·衢州)真题体验答案Augustdecisioncartoons4.However,myfriendsandIstillthinkithasmany

(优点).(2018·嘉兴)5.Nosmokinginpublicplacesisgoodforpeople's

(健康).(2018·湖州)6.LiuChuanjianisconsidereda

(英雄)becausehesafelylandedthedamagedplane.(2018·宁波)7.However,hishomeisinLosAngeles,whichis770

(英里)awayfromhisworkplace.8.WhenIjoinedthearmy,Imadea

(承诺)toprotectthepeople.(2018·温州)答案advantageshealthheromilespromise9.Soon,fewer

(man)weredying.(2018·衢州)10.Everyyear,more

(story)areboughtasebooksandreadonascreen.(2018·杭州)11.Herkidshadgoneawaysomewheretoplaywithother

(child).(2018·宁波)12.MyfriendcameoverlastnighttowatchtheV

offootballmatchthatI'drecorded.(2018·杭州)答案menstorieschildrenideo13.AsquarehasfoursidesandfourC

.(2018·杭州)14.TheChinesewomen'svolleyballteamwonagoldm

inthe2016RioOlympicGames.(2018·杭州)返回答案ornersedalⅠ.根据中文提示填空1.Itstartedonthe14thof

(五月)intheUK.(2018·金华)2.Italsohasagood

(影响)onnon－smokers.(2018·湖州)3.Itisnowmuchmorepleasanttogointoapubora

(餐馆).(2018·湖州)4.Ivolunteertojointhearmyandmakeallmyeffortstoprotectthepeopleandthe

(国家).(2018·温州)5.AmIateacher,engineer,officer,

(科学家),orwriter?(2018·衢州)6.DidyouvisitJapan,

(加拿大),Italy,theUnitedStatesorChinayet？(2018·衢州)答案MayinfluencerestaurantcountryscientistCanada提升演练7.Americanmovie

(明星)aresoproudtoshowofftheirbeautifulteeth.(2018·嘉兴)8.Theuseofnewenergycarshelpstoreduceair

(污染).(2018·宁波)9.ThesixhourroundtripshowsthatIhavethe

(能力)tohaveallthethingsIwant.(2018·绍兴)10.AftercommunicatingwithCharlie'sparents,Harrisstartedtoplansecretlytogivethepoorboyabig

(惊奇、惊喜).(2018·温州)答案starspollutionabilitysurpriseⅡ.用所给单词的正确形式填空1.Soweneedmore

(club)andotherplaceswherewecanmeet.(2018·湖州)2.Oneday,some

(worker)inthezoonoticedablackcatwasinthebear'scage,andthetwoanimalswereplayingtogetherpeacefully.(2018·嘉兴)3.Thechildrenalsolearnmany

(skill)likehowtoliveinthewild.(2018·金华)4.IseeEliasasoneofthe

(tool)togetdifferentkindsofpracticeandactivitiesintotheclassroom.(2018·绍兴)答案clubsworkersskillstools5.On

(father)Day,Ioftenprepareaspecialgiftformyfather.(2016·淮安)6.—HaveyouheardofacoolwashingmachinecalledBicycleWashingMachine?—Yes,it'sanew

(invent)byagroupofChineseuniversitystudents.7.Thestudents'

(safe)atschooliswhatweshouldpaymoreattentionto.8.About200,000

(visit)cametoTai'erzhaungAncientTownduringMay1holidays.It'sdifficulttobelieve.答案Father'sinventionsafetyvisitors9.It'ssportstime.Most

(boy)studentsinClass1areplayingfootballontheplayground.10.Asweallknow,theGreatWallisthe

(proud)ofChina.答案boyprideⅢ.用方框中所给单词的正确形式填空(每词限用一次)答案control

holiday

tomorrow

thank

pocket1.It'skindofLucytodonatesomeofher

moneytothestudentsinpoorareas.2.—Whathappenedjustnow?—Thetruckwentoutof

andhitatreebytheroad.3.

tothegoodpolicyinChina,thepoorfamilyhaslivedahappylife.4.Duringthesummer

，

Iwilltakepartinatwo－week

workexperience.5.Theboyhopesthathewillbea

TVstar.pocketcontrolThanksholidaytomorrow'sbridge

instruction

kind

art

careless6.—Look!Somanycolorfulbicyclesintwolinesoverthere.—They'reforpublic.This

ofyellowsmarttrafficiseverywhereinHangzhoucity.7.TheSilkRoadisa

fortradeandcultureexchangebetweenChinaandothercountries.8.—Themilkshaketastesgood.Howdoyoumakeit?—It'seasy,justfollowthe

.9.ThisChinesepaintingisthegreatestworkof

Ihaveeverseen.10.Onhiswaybackhome,Franklosthiswalletbecauseofhis

.kindbridgeinstructionsartcarelessness答案返回中考对冠词的考查主要有：(1)冠词的基本用法；(2)零冠词的情况；(3)习惯用语中冠词的使用。(二)冠词返回真题体验根据句意完成句子1.Thatchangedin

thirteenthcentury,whenEuropeanslearnedaboutaveryusefulChineseinvention:paper.(2018·杭州)2.Florencewas

unusualyoungwomanforhertime.(2018·衢州)3.Theyoftensattogetherandsharedmealsin

sun.(2018·嘉兴)4.Josephhaswritten

bookcalledFacingtheLion.(2018·金华)5.The“teacher”is

small,bluemachineabout25cmhigh.(2018·绍兴)6.Everymorninghespends

hourdoingexercise,thenhegoesto___work.(2018·宜宾)真题体验答案theantheaaan/7.Ibelievethat

appleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.(2018·重庆B)8.Heplanstobuy

computerwithhismoneybuthealsowantstogoskatingwithhisfriends.(2017·嘉兴)9.Zanco，

Americantechcompany,made

tiniestphoneintheworld－theTiny11.(2018·连云港)10.Hurryup!Theconcertwillbeginin

minute.(2018·上海)anaanthea返回答案知识框图返回返回知识框图要点精析返回要点一不定冠词a,an1.泛指单数的人或物：a用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前；an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。示例：aboy，adesk，ausefulbook,anoldman，an“m”2.第一次提到某人或某物而非特指。示例：Thereisabookonthedesk.3.表示人或事物的某一类。示例：Anelephantisbiggerthanatiger.4.时间、速度、价格等名词前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。示例：threetimesaweek5.固定短语。示例：haveagoodtime;afew要点二定冠词1.特指某人或某物，

双方都知道的人或物的名词前，或用于第二次提到的某人或某物前。示例：Openthedoor,please.Thereisakiteonthewall.Thekiteisnew.2.世界上独一无二的事物的名词前。示例：thesun；theearth；thesky3.序数词或形容词最高级前。示例：thethirdmonthofayear；thecleverestboyinhis

class4.某些形容词前，

表示一类人。示例：therich；theyoung5.乐器名词前。示例：playtheviolin6.方位名词前。示例：intheeast7.山脉、海洋、江河、湖泊、群岛、建筑物、名胜古迹等专有名词前。示例：theYellowRiver；theGreatWall8.姓氏复数前，表示一家人或一个家庭。示例：theGreens9.固定搭配。示例：lookthesame；intheend；intheafternoon要点三零冠词1.有些专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前。示例：China,love2.名词前已有作定语this,my,whose,some,no,each等代词。示例：Thisismyruler.3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。示例：Theyareteachers.4.称呼语前；表示头衔和职务的名词前。示例：Idon'tfeelwelltoday，Mum.5.街道、广场、公园、学校等名称前。示例：ZhongshanPark6.一日三餐、球类运动、学科名词前。示例：havelunch,playsoccer7.节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前。示例：Mother'sDay,onMonday8.固定搭配。示例：bybus,athome,atnight返回返回提升演练根据句意完成句子1.Ontheway,Itoldhimthatourschoolneeded

footballteam.(2017·金华)2.Dyingforwater,hefound

emptyhouseinthedesert.(2017·宁波)3.I'vealwaysbelievedyouare

talentedman.(2017·湖州)4.Tomwantstostudyat

universityinEurope,buthasn'tdecidedwhichonetogotoyet.5.—HaveyoureadabookcalledThe

Merchant

of

Venice?—Yes.

bookisveryinteresting.答案aana