2023-2024学年北京市西城高二册期末英语模拟试题（附答案）

2023-2024学年北京市西城高二学期期末英语模拟试题本试卷共14页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第Ⅰ卷（共75分）Ⅰ.听力理解（共三节，22.5分）第一节:(共4小题;每小题1.5分,共6分)听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。1.Whatwillthemanprobablybuyintheend?A.Juice. B.Water. C.Coke.2.WhatisthewomangoingtodoonSunday?A.Enjoyaconcert. B.Seeafilm. C.Workonaproject.3.HowdidSamgotoschooltoday?A.Bybike. B.Onfoot. C.Bybus.4.Wholikescomedy?A.Theman. B.Theman’smother. C.Theman’sfather.第二节：（共6小题；每小题1.5分，共9分）听下面三段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。5.Whydidthewomangotothelibrary?A.Tomeettheman. B.Tocheckthetextbook. C.Topreparefortheexam.6.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Classmates. B.Workmates. C.Neighbors.听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。7.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisperformancetoday?A.Excited. B.Disappointed. C.Surprised.8.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Hostingaceremony. B.Doinganinterview. C.Askingforadvice.听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。9.Whatcanyoulearnaboutthetour?A.Itwilllastfourdays.B.Nomealswillbeprovided.C.Studentswillmeetsomeartists.10.Whatisthespeaker’smainpurposeingivingthistalk?A.Topersuadestudentstojoinatour.B.Toinvitestudentstobetourguides.C.Toinformstudentsofatourarrangement.第三节：（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。HowtoHaveaSenseofHumor11yourself■Havealight-heartedattitudeaboutyourself■Learnto12atyourself.Giveothersa13■Beforgivingandfocusonpositives■Trynottotakeotherstoo14Watchandlearn■Observeotherpeople■Watch15withvariedhumorⅡ.完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ItwasaSundayafternooninMay.PaulBlachutwasbusyworkingatarestaurantinscenicAugsburg,Germany.Manytouristscameforfoodattheprettyplacebesidetheriver,wherethemeltwaterwascoldatthistimeofyear.Amotherandherdaughterwere16thecoolingwaterbytheriverbank.Theywereplayingwithaninflatabletubehappilywhen17thegirllostherfootingandwascaughtintheriver’scurrent.Ithappenedsofastthatthegirldesperatelygrabbed(抓)ontothetube,whichhermotherwassittingin,throwingherintotheriver,too.Blachutbeardthesuddenshout,“Twowomenaredrowningintheriver!”Thenhehurriedtothe18,wherehespottedthemtryingtograbanythingtheycouldHewashorrifiedtoseethatoneofthemkeptsinking.Blachut’smind19,“HowcanIhelpthem?”20havingnolifesavingtraining,herusheddowntotheriverbank.Quicklyhe21hisTshirtandjumpedintotheriver.Hedidn’tcareaboutthecold;allhecouldthinkaboutwassavingthewomen.Itwasobvioustheywere22.AsBlachutgotclosertothem,hecould23thatthemotherseemedtobeinthemosttrouble.shewasdrowning.He24afilminwhichalifeguardgrabbedadrowningvictim’sbody,pullingthepersonashorewhileswimmingonhisback.Blachuttriedthis,butthewoman’sclothingmadeherso25;hekeptbeingdraggedunder,too.Heneededanew26.Hequicklydivedunderthedrowningwoman,27herupwardandusingthatmomentum(水势)totakehertowardtheshoreAtthattime,anonlookerwasableto28thewoman’shand,pullingherashore.ThenBlachutjumpedintotheriveragain.Heswamdownstream,gotholdofthedaughter,andwasabletogetheroutinthesameway,too.Severalonlookersexpressedtheir29forBlachutfollowingtheincidentHowever,Blachutwas30abouthisrole,“ThewholerescueonlytookseveralminutesandIamhappytoreceiveyourpraise.”16.A.enjoying B.buying C.drinking D.pouring17.A.slowly B.naturally C.fortunately D.suddenly18.A.pool B.restaurant C.shore D.tube19.A.stopped B.raced C.wandered D.worked20.A.Without B.Despite C.Besides D.For21.A.putaway B.triedon C.tookoff D.hungup22.A.helpless B.dangerous C.calm D.busy23.A.share B.express C.respond D.tell24.A.mentioned B.recalled C.rent D.shot25.A.pretty B.soft C.heavy D.strong26.A.schedule B.task C.message D.plan27.A.pushing B.flying C.rolling D.pulling28.A.wave B.clap C.grasp D.shake29.A.surprise B.admiration C.happiness D.hope30.A.curious B.careful C.passionate D.modestⅢ.阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ARegeneronScienceTalentSearch(RegeneronSTS)istheoldestandmostimportantscienceresearchcompetitionforhighschoolstudentsalloverthenation.Startedin1942,RegeneronSTSrecognizesandempowersmostpromisingyoungscientists.Eachyear,nearly2,000studentsenterRegeneronSTS.Thecompetitionawards300studentscholarsandtheirschoolsannuallyandinvites40studentfinaliststoWashington,D.C.toparticipateinfinaljudging.RegeneronSTSprovidesanimportantplatformfortheiroriginalresearchwhichisexaminedandreviewedbyprofessionalscientists.Whataretherequirements?●Applicantsmustbeover13yearsofageandhavelegalparentalpermissiontosubmit(提交)theapplicationandparticipate,orbe18yearsofageorolder;●ApplicantsmustcompleteindividualresearchprojectstoenterRegeneronSTS.Researchconductedaspartofapre-collegiatestudentteamprojectisnotqualifiedforRegeneronSTS;●Applicantsmustsubmitapplicationpackagethroughouronlinesystem,andmustnothaveenteredanypreviousRegeneronSTS.Whatarethecorecomponentsofanapplication?●Essays,shortanswerresponses,activitiesandbasicinformation;●ScientificResearchReport(maximum20researchpaperaboutoneoftheapplicant’soriginalresearchprojects);●Recommendationssubmittedbyadults;●TestScores(optional).Whatcouldtheapplicantswin?●PARTICIPATIONAWARDS:AllcompetitorswillreceiveaT-shirt,laptopstickers,andafreeone-yearsubscriptiontoScienceNewsmagazine.●SCHOLARAWARDS:Eachofthe300scholarswillreceivea$2,000award.●SCHOOLAWARDS:Theschoolsofeachscholarwillreceive$2,000perscholar.Theawardisintendedtocontributetoexcellenceinscience,mathand/orengineeringeducationattheschool.●FINALISTAWARDS:Judgesselect40finalistsfromamongthescholars.Inadditiontoanall-expense-paidtriptoWashington,D.C.,finalistsreceiveaminimumawardof$25,000.31.FromParagraph1,weknowthatRegeneronSTS______.A.wasstartedbeforethe1940s B.recognizes40scholarseveryyearC.isaplatformforprofessionalscientists D.isanationwidescienceresearchcompetition32.Accordingtothepassage,applicantsarerequiredto______.A.beover18yearsold B.submitapplicationsonlineC.haveenteredRegeneronSTSbefore D.havecompletedtheresearchforateamproject33.Whowillwinaminimumawardof$25,000?A.Eachfinalist. B.Eachparticipant.C.Eachscholar. D.Eachofthescholars’school.BWhenIwasanundergraduatestudentstudyingecology,Iwasusedtodiscoveringoveralltrendsinlargeamountsofdata.Thethoughtofgettingmyhandsdirtyinthefieldneverseemedinterestingtome.Isawitasaboringandrepetitivetask.ButIknewpotentialgraduateschoolswouldlikelyviewmylackoffieldexperienceasaholeinmyapplicationletter.MymotheralsothoughtIshouldworkforafewyearstoexploremyinterestsbeforepursuingfurthereducation.So,Idecidedtoapplyforfield-basedsummerpositionsaftergraduation.AfterlandingajobassessingthesagegrousehabitatinUtah,IfoundmyselfinthecompanyofSherel,a75-year-oldbotanistandtheleaderofourfieldcrew.Ontheveryfirstdayofthefieldwork,Inoticedaspecialplantonthefield.“Wonderful!Lookslikeyou’vegotaMahoniarepens,”Sherelshoutedexcitedly.Igentlytouchedtheplantwithyellowflowersbymyfeet,“Thisonehere?Howcanyoutellit’saMahonia?”Hepausedbrieflytoadmiretheplantandthenbeganhisenergeticdescriptionoftheplant’stypicalfeatures.Thatevening,whilewewerewatchingthesunsettogether,Itextedmychildhoodfriend.“Day1wasactuallykindoffun,”Istarted,“butwe’llseehowlongittakesbeforeIgetboredfromjustidentifyingplantsinthefieldallday.”Butastheweeksoffieldworkrolledby,theboredomIhadexpectedneverarrived.Icamehomefromthefieldeachnightwithsorelegsandasunburnedneck,excitedbytheday’sfinds.BypickingSherel’sbrainaboutdifferentspeciesofanımalsandplants,Idiscoveredfielddaysareaboutmuchmorethanidentification.Eachdayisanopportunitytolearnalittlebitmore.Whenthesummerwasover,Ifoundmyselfinanotherfieldjob,thistimesurveyingforestinMichigan’sUpperPeninsula.I’mnowathird-yearPh.D.studentinecology.Fieldworkmaybebuggy,wet,andphysicallydemanding,butworkingwithothershelpskeepspiritshighandthephysicalactivityhelpsmestaysharp.Anditconstantlyremindsmethatanytaskcanpresentanopportunitytolearn—aslongasIamopentoit.34.WhydidtheauthorjointhefieldworkinUtah?A.Tofindoutoveralltrendsindata. B.Toassessthesagegrousehabitat.C.Toimprovehisapplicationletter. D.Torealizehismother’sdream.35.OnthefirstdayofthefieldworkinUtah,theauthor______.A.arguedwithSherel B.complainedtohisfriendC.becamealeaderofhisgroup D.discoveredaMahoniarepens36.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoffieldworknow?A.Easybutinteresting. B.Boringbutfruitful.C.Tiringbutmeaningful. D.Repetitivebutdemanding.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Weshouldexplorefunindailytasks. B.Weshouldbeopentonewexperiences.C.Weshouldrespectthepeoplearoundus. D.Weshouldbedeterminedaboutourgoals.CAnAImodelcanbeusedtodetectstressinofficeworkersbasedonhowtheyusetheirmouseandkeyboard.Anewstudysuggeststhatamachine-learningmodelusingthesetwoelementswasmoreaccurateatdetectingstressinpeoplethanamodelthattrackedtheirheart-ratedata.“Wesawthatthemodelsthatjustusedthemouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelsthathadtheheart-ratedatainit,”saysMaraNaegelin.aPh.D.studentattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology,andoneofthestudy’sauthors.Naegelinandherfellowresearchersusedmachine-learningmodelstoanalyzedataonkeyboard-typingactivity,mousemovementsandheart-ratedata.Theyalso•studiedthedataofacombinationoftwoorallthreeoftheseelementstodeterminewhichperformedbestintermsofmeasuringstress.Theyfoundthatthemodeltrainedonmouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelthatusedmouse,keyboardandheartrates.Ofthesingle-modality(形态)models,theheart-ratedataperformedtheworst.“Thetestwasconductedinanenvironmentthatsimulatedanofficeenvironment,sotheresultsstillneedtobeconfirmedinreal-lifescenarios(情况),”Naegelinsays.Intheexperiment,participantsweredividedintothreegroups.Acontrolgroupcarriedoutassignedtasks,suchasplanningmeetingsandcollectingdata,withnoadditionalwork.Asecondgroupattimesansweredquestionsfrommanagersinpersoninamockinterviewscenariowhilecompletingotherassignedtasks.Andmembersofathirdgroupwere,atcertainpoints,interruptedwithadditionalquestionssentthroughanonlinechatontopoftasksassignedtoothergroups.Atregularintervalsduringtheexperiment,participantswereaskedtoratetheirstresslevelsthroughacomputerquestionnaire.Researcherslearnedthatworkersmadelonger,lessaccuratemovementswiththeirmouse,aswellasmoretypingerrors,whentheywerestressed.Shorter,moredirectmovementswiththemouseweretiedtolowerstresslevels.Thestudydidn’tfocusonwhyincreasedlevelsofstressarethoughttoaffectmuscleactivity.Theresearcherssaytheybelieveastress-detectionsystemthatlogskeyboardandmousemovementsmightbebeneficialasaself-helptoolforemployeesalongsideotherinitiativestoimproveworkplacementalhealth.Butemployeeparticipationwouldneedtobeoptionalandbasedoninformedconsent(同意),andcompanieswouldneedtocommittoprotectinguserprivacy.Itremainstobeseenhowthistechnologywillevolveandbeadoptedinpractice,butthepotentialforAItocontributepositivelytoemployeewell-beingisanappealingavenueforfutureexploration.38.WhatdoweknowfromNaegelin’sstudy?A.Heart-ratedatahaslittleconnectionwithstress.B.Mouseandkeyboarddataproveseffectiveinstressdetection.C.Mousedataperformsworstinmeasuringstressamongallmodels.D.Usingmoreelementsinamodelincreasesaccuracyinstressdetection.39WhatisParagragh5mainlyabout?A.Theresearchprocess. B.Theresearchfindings.C.Theresearchpurpose. D.Theresearchbackground.40.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.AImodelsbasedonmouseandkeyboarddatahavebeenwidelyapplied.B.Naegelin’sstudyexplainswhymuscleactivitycanaffectstresslevels.C.Employersneedtorespectemployees’privacywhiledetectingstress.D.Astress-detectionsystemimprovesphysicalhealthattheworkplace.41.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Tointroduceanewmodeltodetectstress.B.Tocomparedifferentmodelsinstressdetection.C.Toshowthedisadvantagesofbeingoverstressed.D.Tostatetheimportanceofastress-detectionsystem.DFrozenintime,a125-million-year-oldmammalattackingadinosaur.A39-million-year-oldwhale,theheaviestanimalthateverlived.Theoldestknownjellyfish,from505millionyearsago.Paleontology(古生物学)producesnewsworthydiscoveries.Fossils(化石),moreover,providedirectevidenceforthelonghistoryoflife,allowingpaleontologiststotesthypotheses(假设)aboutevolutionwithdataonlytheyprovide.TheyallowinvestigationofpresentandpastlifeonEarth.Flowsofbiologicaldiversity,appearancesofnewlifeformsandtheextinctionsoflongexistingones,wouldgoundiscoveredwithouttheseefforts.Buttheheadlinesoverexcitingnewfossilsgreatlyunderestimatethetrueimportanceofpaleontology.ItsrealsignificanceliesinhowsuchdiscoveriesbrightenthegrandhistoryoflifeonEarth.Fromitsbeginnings,morethanthreebillionyearsago,tothepresentday,fossilsrecordhowlifeadaptedordisappearedinthefaceofmajorenvironmentalchallenges.Paleontologistsprovideuswithauniquevantageonmodernclimatechange.Theyplayanessentialroleininterpretingancientenvironments,inreconstructingancientoceans,continentsandclimates.Fossilsprovidekeylimitationontheclimatemodelsthatareessentialforpredictingfutureclimatechange.Andthefossilrecordgivesimportantinsightsintohowlifewillrespondtopredictedfutureclimateconditions,becausethesehaveoccurredbeforeinEarth’shistory.Inaddition,paleontologyhasprovidedafundamentalcontributiontohumanthought:therealityofspeciesextinctionandthusofaworldthathasdramaticallychangedovertime.Indocumentingthehistoryoflife,paleontologistsrecognizedthatmanyextinctionepisodescouldoccursuddenly,suchastheevent66millionyearsagothatendedthedinosaurs.Thesearchforthecausesofpastmassextinctionsstartedpioneeringstudiesfromacrossthescientificspectrum(科学界),focusingonpotentialfuturethreatstohumanity.Notonlydopaleontologistsknowwhathappenstolifewhenthingsgobad,theyalsoknowhowlongittakesforecosystemsandbiodiversitytorecoverfromthesedisasters,whichcantakefarlongerthanmodernhumanshaveexisted.Paleontologiststhusprovideauniqueperspectiveonthenatureandfuturelong-termecologicalimpactofthecurrenthuman-producedbiodiversitycrisis,theso-calledSixthExtinction,andthereforetheimportanceofprotectingmodernbiodiversity.TheveryconceptofaSixthExtinctionwouldnotexistwithoutpaleontologistsdocumentingthefirstfive.Paleontologistsknowthatunderstandinglife’spastiscriticaltoanticipatingandadaptingtolife’sandhumanity’sfuture.Paleontologyisimportantbecauseitbringsitsuniqueandcriticalperspectivetocurrentchallengesinclimatechange,biodiversitylossandtheenvironment.Paleontologistscanpredictthefuturebecausetheyknowthepast.42.Thefirsttwoparagraphsarewrittento______.A.describeanevent B.raiseaquestionC.presentanopinion D.makeacomparison43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vantage”inParagraph3mean?A.Apositiveeffect. B.Avaluablesuggestion.C.Aquickdecision. D.Acomprehensiveview.44.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Ecologicalrecoverytakesshorterthanimagined.B.Pastlessonscanhelptopredictthefuturethreats.C.Paleontologistscanhandlethebiodiversitycrisis.D.Fossilstudiesfocusonthecausesofmassextinctions.45.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Paleontology:APioneeringStudyB.Paleontology:AHistoryRecorderC.PaleontologyTellsMoreAboutNatureThanHumansD.PaleontologyIsFarMoreThanNewFossilDiscoveries第Ⅱ卷（共65分）Ⅰ.选词填空（共7小题；每小题2分，共14分）用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。devoteappointendangereffectiveinjurefaithcomplain46.Shemadea(n)______forhersontoseethedoctor.47.Inthecarcrash,thetwopassengersescapedsevere______.48.Ineedtokeepmytranslation______totheoriginaltext49.Wemustprotectthe______animalsbeforetheybecomeextinct50.Theabilitytocommunicate______withpeopleisrequiredforeveryapplicant51.QianXuesen’s______tohiscareerhasinspiredmanyyoungpeopletocontributetoourcountry.52.Wereceivedanumberoffromcustomersaboutthelackofparkingfacilities.Ⅱ.语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。53.Myhobbyis______(collect)stampsfromdifferentcountries54.I______(write)thebookallyearandamhopingtofinishitsoon55.—CanIuseyourcomputerthisafternoon?—Sorry,I______(take)anonlineclassatthattime56.Anaccidentoccurredthismorning______(lucky),nodamagewasdone57.Bythetimehewastwelveyearsold,he______(finish)seniorhighschool58.______(help)uspreparefortheexam,theteacheraskedustoreviewournotes59.Themanager,______secretaryaskedforasickleave,hadtodoallthetypinghimself.60.Mycameradidn’twork,soItookittotherepairshoptogetit______(check)61.Climbing,______enteredtheOlympicsthreeyearsagoinTokyo,willalsobeoneoftheeventsinthe2024ParisOlympics.62.Theycarriedthepicturesupstairstotheartroom,______thebrushesandpaintwerestored.Ⅲ.完成句子（共5小题；第63、64题每题2分，第65、66、67题每题3分，共13分）根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。63.以前他们经常一起去爬山。(usedto)________________________________________________________________________________64.我们要赠送100本书给那所乡村学校。(giveaway)________________________________________________________________________________65.他的写作风格对年轻的作者产生了极大的影响。(haveaninfluenceon)________________________________________________________________________________66.专家们预测，很多种语言可能会于下个世纪消失。(dieout)________________________________________________________________________________67.我们必须做好准备以适应不断变化的世界。(adaptto)________________________________________________________________________________Ⅳ.阅读表达（共4小题；每小题2分，共8分）阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。AllePierceknowshowtoplanaholiday.Afewmonthsaheadoftime,sheconstructsaspreadsheetofwhatshewantstodoandsee.Sheexaminesthemenusofrestaurantssheisplanningtovisit.Sheusesapictureofthedestinationasherphone’slockedscreenimageanddownloadsacountdownapp.“What’ssoexcitingaboutatripistheanticipationbeforeit,”saysPierce,founderofaluxurytravelcompany.Expertssaysheisright.Recentstudiessuggestthathopingforsomethingboostsyourmoodandlowersyourstress.“Imagininggoodthingsaheadofuscanincreasemotivation,optimismandpatience,”saysSimonRego,apsychologistfromNewYork.Ofcoursewecan’tjustbookaflighteverytimeweneedalittlecheeringuporfeellow.Buttherearewaystoincorporatethepowerofanticipationintoyoureverydaylife.Getexcitedaboutlittlethings.Writedownonethingyou’reexcitedfortomorrow.Maybeit’sanewbook,orapackageyou’reexpecting.Thecollectionoftheseminithrillsmeansyouwillstillgainthebenefitsoflookingforwardtosomething.Plus,withthenearerstuff,there’smoreofasensethatit’sgoingtohappenforsure.Rememberthatanxietyandanticipationcancoexist.“Thedarksideofpositiveanticipationisanticipatoryanxiety.Anxietyandexcitementaresisteremotions,”saysChristianWaugh,apsychologyprofessorfromNorthCarolina.Butitisharmfulonlywhenyoujustfocusontheanxietypartandignoretheexcitementpart.Thekeyisacknowledgingthehappy,positiveaspectofwhatyouaredoing,alongwiththenervousfeelings.Whenyouconsideranxiousthingsasexciting,itactuallymakesyoufeelbetteraboutthem.Connectwithyourfutureself.Researchhasshownfeelingasifyouareonapathtoyourfutureselfcanhaveapositiveeffectonyourwell-beingbygettingyououtofshort-termthinking.Thinkingaheadmayhelpyouprioritizeyourgoalandmovetowardit.Asyoustartseeingprogress,youwilllookforwardtodoingthethingsthatgetyouclosertoyourfutureself.Inshort,toenjoylifemore,embraceanticipation.It’sworthwaitingfor.68.WhatmakesatripexcitingaccordingtoAllePierce?________________________________________________________________________________69.Howdoeshopingforsomethingbenefitus?________________________________________________________________________________70.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Accordingtotheresearch,connectingwithyourfutureselfcanhaveanegativeeffectonyourwell-being.________________________________________________________________________________71.Pleasegiveanexampletoshowhowyoucanincorporatethepowerofanticipationintoyourdailylife.(Inabout40words)________________________________________________________________________________Ⅴ.书面表达(20分)假设你是红星中学高二（1）班班长李华。你打算邀请外教Jim为你们班做一次关于英语听说的讲座。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.建议讲座的具体内容及其原因；2.讲座时间和其他相关事项。注意：1.词数不少于80；2.