中考英语一轮复习资料语法笔记Chapter 3 被动语态（含解析）

资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】chapter3被动语态笔记PassiveVoice·模块一需要使用被动语态的情况·模块二各时态的被动语态结构·模块三主动语态和被动语态的转换·模块四双宾语结构的被动转换·模块五不能使用被动语态的词和词组·模块六常见主动语态表被动的词和词组·模块七havesth.done的双重含义模块一模块一需要使用被动语态的情况不知道或不必提及动作的执行者Thisbridgewasbuiltin1700.这座桥建于1700年。强调动作的承受者Frankwashitbyacar.弗兰克被车撞了。说话者希望所说的内容更加客观，避免就自己不太肯定的事表态ItissaidthatJapan’sindustrialprogressafterthewarwasveryremarkable.据说战后日本的工业进步非常显著。模块二模块二各时态的被动语态结构被动语态的基本结构为：bedone请完成表格：（以do为例）一般进行完成现在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendone过去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone将来willbedoneam/is/aregoingtobedonewillhavebeendone过去将来wouldbedonewas/weregoingtobedonewouldhavebeendone♥Attention♥含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must+be+done芝士蛋糕必须得趁冷吃。Cheesecakemustbeservedcold.★小试身手★请用下面括号内单词的适当形式填空：Aspeechwillbegiven/wasgiven(give)thisafternoon.Theclassroomiscleaned(clean)everyday.Someeffectivemeasureshavebeentaken(take)sincelastyear.Mymother’sfavoritevasewasbroken(break)yesterday.Thebookhadbeenread(read)fourtimesbytheendoflastsemester.Anamusementparkisbeingbuilt(build)inourcitynow.Thetechniciantoldmethatmywatchwouldberepaired(repair)in1hour.Theproblemwasbeingdiscussed(discuss)thistimeyesterday.Hesaidthathehadbeeninvited/wouldbeinvited(invite)totheparty.Thousandsoftreeswillhavebeenplanted(plant)inthisareabytheendofthisyear.Theclothesmaybedelivered(deliver)tothepoorareanextmonth.模块三模块三主动语态和被动语态的转换陈述句改为被动句Step1:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语Step2:动词结构作相应变化（be+过去分词）Step3:by+主动语态的主语（可省略）Step4:其他照抄Hewasmakingamodelplane.Amodelplanewasbeingmade(byhim).一般疑问句改为被动句Step1:be动词/情态动词/助动词放句首Step2:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语Step3:被动结构的其他成分Step4:by+主动语态的主语（可省略）Step5:其他照抄DidMike’steachergivemuchhomeworkyesterday?WasmuchhomeworkgivenbyMike’steacheryesterday?特殊疑问句改为被动句Step1:特殊疑问词不变Step2:be动词/情态动词/助动词提前Step3:主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语（主动语态特殊疑问词作宾语则这步省略）Step4:被动结构的其他成分Step5:by+主动语态的主语（可省略）Step6:其他照抄WhenwillJackfinishhishomework?WhenwillJack’shomeworkbefinishedbyhim?WhatdidLinda’sfathermendlastnight?WhatwasmendedbyLinda’sfatherlastnight?★小试身手★请把下列句子变为被动句：Iwassurepeoplewouldpunishhim.Iwassurehewouldbepunishedbyme.Theymayopenanewschoolnextyear.Anewschoolmaybeopenednextyearbythem.Cantheboypickupheavyweights?Canheavyweightsbepickedupbytheboy?Willyourmotherkissyouonyourweddingdaynextweek?Willyoubekissedbyyourmotheronyourweddingdaynextweek?模块四模块四双宾语结构的被动转换双宾语结构的转换原则Hegaveherarose.=Hegavearosetoher.Arosewasgiventoher.(物做主语有介词)Shewasgivenarose.(人做主语无介词)★小试身手★请改写下列句子，保持句意不变：MyfatherboughtmeaMiniCooper.物做主语：AMiniCooperwasboughtformebymymother.人做主语：IwasboughtaMiniCooperbymymother.Thewaiterhasnotbroughtusthecoffee.物做主语：Thecoffeehasn'tbeenbroughttousbythewaiter.人做主语：Wehaven'tbeenbroughtthecoffeebythewaiter.♥Attention♥以下动词与介词to搭配award,bring,give,hand,leave,lend,mail,play,post,promise,pass,read,return,recommend（推荐）,sell,send,serve（招待）,show,sing,take,teach,tell,throw,write以下动词与介词for搭配boil,book,bring,build,buy,call,catch,change,choose,cook,cut,do,draw,fetch,find,fix,gather,get,keep,leave,make,order,pick,prepare,reserve（预留）,sing,save★小试身手★请用括号里的词翻译句子：这个房间是为史密斯一家预定的。(reserve)ThisroomisreservedfortheSmiths.你不要指望任何人能为了你而变化。(change)Nooneisexpectedtochangeforyou.模块五模块五不能使用被动语态的词和词组不及物动词及短语出现appear死die消失disappear躺lie升起rise同意agree属于belongto爆发breakout由…组成consistof赶上keepupwith发生happentakeplaceoccur静态动词变成become有益于benefit等于equal失败fail包含contain缺少lack持续last意味着mean值…钱cost适合suitfit模块六模块六常见主动语态表被动的词和词组常见系动词：smell,sound,taste,feel,look,seem,appear,prove井水尝起来好甜。Thewellwatertastessweet.这块丝绸布料摸起来很光滑。Thissilkfeelsverysmooth.一些动词在主动表示被动时，通常和well等副词连用，这些动词有：clean/cut/cook/draw/play/read/sell/wash/wear/write/run/ride+well这支笔很好写。Thispenwriteswell.这幅眼镜戴起来很舒服。Thispairofglasseswearscomfortably.用动名词的主动形式来代替被动，这类动词主要有：want/need/require/deserve+doing=want/need/requiretobedone孩子们需要照看。Thechildrenneedlookingafter.你值得拥有这些奖励。Youdeserveowningtheseprizes.beworthdoingsth.某事值得做Anythingworthdoingisworthdoingwell.值得做的事就值得做好。be+adj.+todo当这个句型的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，我们一般用主动表被动。Englishishardtolearn.（English是tolearn的逻辑宾语，所以不用被动。）这本书很难跟上。(follow)Thebookishardtofollow.他说的话很容易理解。(Whathesaid)Whathesaidiseasytounderstand.模块七模块七havesth.done的双重含义某事被别人完成你多久剪一次头发？Howoftendoyouhaveyourhaircut?某人的一种经历我昨晚把手臂摔断了。Ihadmyarmbrokenyesterday.★真题综合试炼★1．（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—Who’sthelittlegirlinthephoto?—It’sme.Thephoto________whenIwasfiveyearsold.A．took B．wastaken C．istaken2．（2022·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）It’ssaidthatthekite_______inChinaover2000yearsago.A．invents B．invented C．wasinvented D．isinvented3．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）Agreatnumberofbeautifulflowers________onthesecondringroadinChengduthesedays.A．plant B．areplanted C．areplanting4．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）ThepandaYaYa________backtoChinaonApril27th,2023.A．isbrought B．wasbrought C．willbebrought5．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题）—WhydotheelephantsinThailandhaveto________?—Becausehumanstherecatchthemfortheirivorytomakemoney.A．protect B．beprotected C．areprotected6．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）Thestudents________howtodoeyeexercisesjustnow.A．wastaught B．weretaught C．taught7．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）PandaYaYa________backtoBeijingaboutthreeweeksago.A．wasbrought B．isbrought C．brought8．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）Thecake______bythehungrystudentsquicklyyesterday.A．eats B．iseaten C．waseaten9．（2022·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）—DoChinesepeoplelikeping-pongalot?—Yes.It_______bypeopleofallages.A．plays B．isplayed C．played D．wasplayed10．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）Theparkisgettingmoreandmorebeautifulbecausemorekindsofflowers________everyyear.A．areplanted B．wereplanted C．plant D．planted11．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）LiYan________tothewelcomepartyyesterday.A．invites B．isinvited C．wasinvited D．willinvite12．（2022·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）—Doyouthinkjuniorhighschoolstudents________togettheirearspierced?—No,Idon’tthinkso.Itisagainsttheschoolrules.A．shouldallow B．allow C．haveallowed D．shouldbeallowed13．（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）SpudWebb________atfirstbecauseofhisheight,buthedidn’tloseheart.A．refuses B．refused C．wasrefused D．willberefused14．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Thesecond“TiangongLecture”kickedoff!BingDwenDwen________ateachingtool!A．isusedfor B．wasusedfor C．isusedas D．wasusedas15．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）OurschoolheldthegraduationceremonylastFriday.Alltheparents________tocheerusup.A．areinvited B．wereinvited C．willbeinvited16．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）—Whatamess!Thesharingbikes________everywhere.—Let’scollectandputthemintherightplacesothattheycanbeusedconveniently.A．throw B．threw C．isthrown D．arethrown17．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Wouldyoumindtellingmeifhe________themeetingintwodays?—Hewon’t,unlesshe________.A．willattend,isinvited B．attends,willbeinvited C．willattend,invites18．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）—We’resoproudthatChinaisgettingstrongerandstronger.—Yes.Asyoucansee,Chinese________bymoreandmoreforeigners.A．learns B．islearned C．waslearned19．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Teaisverypopularintheworld.It________inmanydifferentareasinChinanow.A．produces B．produced C．isproduced D．wasproduced20．（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）Tomaketheenvironmentmuchbetter,moretrees________nextyear.A．plant B．willplant C．areplanted D．willbeplanted21．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）Manytreesandflowers________everyyeartomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.A．plant B．areplanted C．wereplanted22．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）Moderntechnologies________inthe19AsianGamesinSeptember,2023.A．wereused B．areusing C．willbeused23．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）—HaveyouheardoftheUNChineseLanguageDay?—Ofcourse.Chinese________bymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworldnowadays.A．spoke B．isspoken C．speaks D．wasspoken24．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）Manyresearchlabs________inthefuturetodevelopscienceandtechnologyinChina.A．arebuilding B．willbebuilt C．werebuilt25．（2023·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—Whatlanguage________inGermany?—MostpeoplespeakGerman,butmanycanspeakEnglish,too.A．speak B．isspoken C．isspeaking D．speaks26．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）—Theenvironmentofthistownisbetternow.—That’sbecauselotsoftrees________heremanyyearsago.A．areplanted B．wereplanted C．willbeplanted27．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）—Students________afewopenquestionsinMs.Li’sclass,didyounoticethat?—Yes,Ithinkshewantedtotraintheirabilityofcreativethinking.A．areasked B．wereaskedC．willbeasked D．shouldbeasked28．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）The19thAsianGames________inHangzhoufromSeptember23toOctober8,2023.A．washeld B．willhold C．willbeheld29．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Canhegetthefirstprizeintherace?—He________so,buthehasjusthurthisleg.It’simpossiblenow.A．willexpecttodo B．isexpecteddoingC．hasexpecteddoing D．wasexpectedtodo30．（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）WhenIwasapupil,someofmypocketmoney________tobuycomicbooks.A．use B．isused C．used D．wasused参考答案：1．B【详解】句意：——照片里的小女孩是谁？——是我。这张照片是我五岁时拍的。考查被动语态。主语“Thephoto”与动词take之间是被动关系，结合“whenIwasfiveyearsold.”可知，用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/weredone，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was，故选B。2．C【详解】句意：据说风筝是2000多年前在中国发明的。考查被动语态。分析句子可知kite和动词invent之间是被动关系，结合“over2000yearsago.”可知应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。3．B【详解】句意：这些天，成都的二环路上种了许多美丽的花。考查被动语态。主语和动词plant之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态：bedone。故选B。4．B【详解】句意：大熊猫丫丫于2023年4月27日被带回中国。考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“onApril27th,2023”可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。5．B【详解】句意：——为什么泰国的大象必须受到保护？——因为那里的人类为了赚钱而抓大象取象牙。考查被动语态。elephants和protect之间是被动关系，此处用含情态动词的被动语态havetobedone。故选B。6．B【详解】句意：刚才教学生们如何做眼保健操。考查被动语态。主语Thestudents和谓语teach之间是被动关系，根据“justnow”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/weredone，主语是名词复数，be动词用were。故选B。7．A【详解】句意：熊猫丫丫大约三周前被带回北京。考查被动语态。主语“PandaYaYa”与动词bring是被动关系，结合“threeweeksago”可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。8．C【详解】句意：昨天，那个蛋糕被饥饿的学生们很快吃完了。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“yesterday”可知句子应用一般过去时，主语Thecake与动词eat存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：was/were+过去分词。故选C。9．B【详解】句意：——中国人很喜欢乒乓球吗？——是的。各个年龄段的人都打乒乓球。考查时态与语态。主语“It”指代乒乓球，与动词play之间是动宾关系，结合“DoChinesepeoplelikeping-pongalot?”可知用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/aredone。故选B。10．A【详解】句意：这个公园变得越来越美丽因为每年都有更多种花被种。考查时态和语态。主语“morekindsofflowers”与动词plant之间是动宾关系，结合“everyyear”可知用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/aredone。故选A。11．C【详解】句意：李燕被邀请参加昨天的欢迎会。考查一般过去时被动语态。根据yesterday可知，此句是一般过去时，主语LiYan与动词invite之间是被动语态，故此处用一般过去时被动语态was/weredone的结构，故选C。12．D【详解】句意：——你认为初中学生应该被允许打耳洞吗？——不，我不这么认为。这是违反校规的。考查被动语态。主语students和动词allow之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故选D。13．C【详解】句意：斯普德·韦伯最初因为身高而被拒绝，但他没有灰心。考查被动语态。主语SpudWebb与动词refuse之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，即他被拒绝，故为被动语态。结合“buthedidn’tloseheart.”可知，时态是一般过去时，故为一般过去时的被动语态，结构是was/weredone。故选C。14．D【详解】句意：第二届“天宫讲座”拉开帷幕！冰墩墩被用作教学工具！考查动词短语和时态。beusedfor被用于做某事，表示用途；beusedas被用作……，表示身份或工具。根据“kicked”可知时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，排除A，C；结合“BingDwenDwen...ateachingtool!”可知，冰墩墩被当作教学工具使用，故选D。15．B【详解】句意：我们学校上周五举行了毕业典礼。所有的家长都被邀请来给我们打气。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“lastFriday”可知，时态是一般过去时，主语是动作的承受者，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。16．D【详解】句意：——真是一团糟！共享单车随处可见。——让我们把它们收集起来，放在合适的地方，以便方便使用。考查被动语态。句子主语与动词之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态，主语是复数名词，be动词用are，故选D。17．A【详解】句意：——你介意告诉我他两天后是否会参加会议吗？——除非有人邀请，否则他不会参加的。考查时态和语态。第一处if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句，结合“intwodays”可知，用一般将来时“willdo”，排除B；分析“Hewon’t,unlesshe...”可知，该句是以unless引导的时间状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”，从句主语he是动作的承受者，所以用一般现在时被动语态“isdone”，故选A。18．B【详解】句意：——我们为中国越来越强大感到骄傲。——是的。正如你所看到的，越来越多的外国人学习汉语。考查被动语态。主语Chinese和动词learn之间是被动关系，结合语境可知现在汉语被越来越多的外国人学习，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。19．C【详解】句意：茶在世界上很受欢迎。现在中国许多不同的地区都产茶。考查被动语态。根据now可知，此句是一般现在时，主语It与动词produce之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般现在时被动语态am/is/aredone的结构，故选C。20．D【详解】句意：为了使环境更好，明年将种植更多的树。考查一般将来时被动语态。主语moretrees与动词plant之间被动关系，结合nextyear可知，此处用一般将来时被动语态willbedone的结构，故选D。21．B【详解】句意：每年种植许多树木和鲜花，使我们的环境更加美丽。考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“everyyear”可知，用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。22．C【详解】句意：现代技术将在2023年9月举行的第19届亚运会