Unit+1+Looking+Forwards+Grammar+课件【知识精讲精研】高二下学期英语外研版（2019）选择性必修四册

Unit1Period2Grammar课堂学习Tenses1Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassage.Decidewhichtenseeachisinandmatchthetensestowhattheydescribe.aFormanyofus,it’ssomethingwealreadyhaveexperienced.bWhatwillwebedoingintenyears’time?cHewouldlatergoontowintheNobelPrizeinLiterature.d

...theyoungArthurConanDoyle,borninScotlandin1859,hadoriginallyworkedasadoctor.e

...DoylewrotesomeofhisearlyHolmesstorieswhilehewaswaitingforpatientsinhismedicalpraticeinLondon.f

...butSherlockHolmeshasbeenentertainingreadersforwelloveracentury.1.Anactioncompletedinthepastbeforeanotherpastaction.2.Anactionoreventtakingplaceovera

particularperiodinthefuture.3.Anactionthathappenedinaperiodoftimeuptothepresent.4.Anactionthatstartedinthepastandmaystillbegoingonorhavejuststopped.5.Anintendedfutureactionoreventasseenfromthepast.6.Anon-goingsituationatorarounda

particulartimeinthepast.dbafceNowanswerthequestions.1.Whatothertenseshaveyoulearnt?Findexamplesinthereadingpassage.①Onemoment,wearelyingcomfortablyinbed,abouttofallintoadeepsleep.(PresentContinuous)②....wefindourselveswonderingorevenworryingaboutpossiblythemostimportantissueofourlife.(PresentSimple)③Althoughtheysharedthesameambitiousandenergeticapproachtolife,...(PastSimple)2.Whatdothesetensesdescribe?①PresentContinuous:totalkaboutactionshappeningnoworaroundnow;tobeusedforfuturearrangements.②PresentSimple:tobeusedforhabits,permanentsituations,andtruth;tobeusedforthefuturefortimetabledevents,suchasairplanes.③PastSimple:todescribeeventsinthepast.【语法讲解】一般体进行体完成体完成进行体时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时【语法讲解】一般将来时VS过去将来时【语法讲解】一般将来时构成：will/shall+动词原形/begoingto+动词原形/beto+动词原形/beaboutto+动词原形过去将来时构成：should/would+动词原形/was/weregoingto+动词原形/was/wereto+动词原形/was/wereaboutto+动词原形【语法讲解】一般将来时用法will/shall+动词原形(1)表示将要发生的动作或将来存在的状态，shall一般用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。常见的有：tomorrow明天inthefuture将来lateron后来thedayaftertomorrow后天nextweek/month/year下周/下个月/明年(2)will还可表示说话时临时作出的决定。e.g.—ShallIorderataxiforSarahtogototheairporttonight?

—Don’tbother.I’ll

driveherthere.【语法讲解】begoingto+动词原形表示按计划、打算要做某事；还可表示“预见”，即某种迹象预示着要发生某事。e.g.Whetherinthehomeortheworkplace,socialrobotsaregoingto

becomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears.

无论是在家里还是在工作场所，未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得更加普遍。beto+动词原形表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。e.g.ThehighwayistobeopenedinMay.

这条高速公路将在5月份开放。Youaretohandinyourpapersby10o’clock.10点前你们得上交论文。【语法讲解】beaboutto+动词原形表示立即要发生的动作，常译作“即将……；马上就……”，通常不与具体的时间状语连用。e.g.Workwasabouttostartonanewfactorybuilding.新厂房即将动工。【语法讲解】过去将来时用法should/would+动词原形表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g.Hesaidthatthemeetingwouldbeginathalfpastninethismorning.他说会议将在今天上午九点半开始。was/weregoingto+动词原形表示准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事。e.g.Iwastoldthathewasgoingtoreturnhome.有人告诉我他打算回家。was/wereto+动词原形表示曾计划做某事，如果计划的事情没有实现，要用不定式完成时。e.g.Shesaidshewastogetmarriednextmonth.她说她计划下个月结婚。was/wereaboutto+动词原形表示“正要，即将”e.g.Thetrainwasabouttoleave.火车就要开了。【牛刀小试】1.They

(have)acompetitionwithusinstudiestomorrowmorning.

2.We

(buy)somebooksandpencilsthisweekend.3.Hesaidhe

(go)toBeijingthenextday.4.IhopedTina

(come)tomybirthdaypartyontimethenextWednesday.

aregoingtohave

wouldgowascomingaregoingtobuy【语法讲解】现在完成时VS过去完成时【语法讲解】现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)(1)表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，可能还会继续进行下去，常用的时间状语有：since+时间点/从句for+时间段e.g.Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的首部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。HehastaughtChineseformorethan20years.他教中文已有20多年了。(2)表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，但现在已经完成，且其结果对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语有：lately近来recently最近sofar到目前为止upto/tillnow直到现在bynow到现在inthelast/pastfewdays/years在过去的几天/几年里e.g.Sofar,theyhavemetwithnosuccess.到目前为止，他们还没有成功过。【语法讲解】注意瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但在肯定句中不能与表示

一段时间的状语连用。常用的瞬间动词有:go,come,arrive,leave,begin,borrow,buy,die,fall,stop,start,kill,close,join等。e.g.他已经参军三年了。

Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.

Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.【语法讲解】过去完成时(had+过去分词)(1)表示在过去某一时间或过去某一事件之前已经发生并完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。e.g.Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinemayesterday.昨天我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。(2)表示一个动作或状态从过去某一时间之前已经开始，一直持续到过去这一时刻，

并也可能继续下去。常用的时间状语有：bytheendof/bythetime等e.g.BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissonhadgraduatedfromcollege.

杰克从英格兰回到家中时，他的儿子已大学毕业。(3)intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等动词的过去完成时，可表示

过去未曾实现的愿望或想法等。e.g.Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.我本来打算昨天去看你的，但我这边来了一个不速之客。（实际上没去）【牛刀小试】1.Thecountryside

(change)alotinthepastfewyears.2.Assoonaswegottothestation,thetrain

(leave).3.There

(be)toomuchraininSanFranciscothisyear.4.Bytheendoflastterm,we

(learn)5000newwords.haschangedhadlefthasbeenhadlearned

【语法讲解】现在进行时VS过去进行时【语法讲解】现在进行时(am/is/are+现在分词)(1)表示说话时正在发生或进行的动作，或现阶段一直进行着的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。e.g.Theworkersarebuildingagardenthesedays.工人们这些日子一直在修建一个花园。(2)一些非延续性动词可用现在进行时表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，常见的这类动词有：come来go去leave离开arrive到达begin开始start开始return返回move移动take拿走e.g.Wearemovingtoanewhouse.我们将要搬进一所新房子里。【语法讲解】过去进行时(was/were+现在分词)(1)表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作，常用的时间状语有：atthis/thattime+过去时间at...o’clock+过去时间from...to...+过去时间thosedays那些日子justnow刚才；刚刚e.g.Justnowhewasjustmessingaround.他刚才纯属捣乱。(2)表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。e.g.Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleyesterday.我弟弟昨天骑自行车时从车上掉下来了。【牛刀小试】1.Lookatthepicture.Thechildren

(fly)kitesinthepark.2.Linda'sbrotherTV

(watch)inhisbedroomnow.3.We

(have)supperwhenthephonerang.4.When

we

(have)supper,thelightwentout.areflyingiswatchingwerehavingwerehaving【语法讲解】将来进行时VS现在完成进行时【语法讲解】将来进行时(will/shallbe+现在分词)表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。e.g.Ifeelsoexcited!AtthistimetomorrowmorningIwillbeflyingtoShanghai.我太激动了！明天早上此时我将飞往上海。【语法讲解】现在完成进行时(have/hasbeen+现在分词)表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚完成，也可能仍在进行。常用的时间状语有：allday/month;thismonth/week/year;thesedays;recently/lately;inthepastfew+时间段;since+时间点;for+时间段等e.g.Tomhasbeenworkinginthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.在过去的三个月里汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆工作。【牛刀小试】1.Thistimenextdaythey

(sit)inthecinema.2.Afteryoutakethemedicine,you

(feel)muchbetter.3.She

(play)tennissinceshewaseight.4.TheChinese

(make)paperfortwothousandyears.willbesittingwillbefeelinghasbeenplayinghavebeenmaking2Completetheblogwiththecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.Iwokeatdawnagainandalreadythebirds1___________(sing).Inthecomingdays,we2________________(paint)thetoiletblockthatwehadbeenbuildingoverthelasttwomonths.I3_______________________________(live)inthisCambodianvillagefortwomonths.Despitethehardphysicalwork,I4____________________________(notregret)foronemomentchoosingtospendmygapyearasavolunteerfortheCambodiaFoundation.Itiswonderfultomeetsuchfriendlylocalpeoplewhoarehappytosharetheirliveswithus.weresingingwouldbepaintinghavebeenliving/haveliveddon’tregret/haven’tregretted2Completetheblogwiththecorrectformoftheverbsinbrackets.I5______(feel)happyandfreeofworries.Andofcourse,I6__________________________(become)fitter.Thisgapyearhasbeenafantasticopportunityformypersonalgrowth,andIsurely7______________(continue)tolearnabouthowotherpeoplelivetheirlivesafteritends.feelhavebecome/ambecomingwillcontinue3Workinpairs.ReadtheprofileandtalkaboutDavid’slifeusingdifferenttenseswhereappropriate.DavidMasonPERSONALINFORMATION