包头市4英语二轮训练（4）及答案

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精内蒙古包头市2014高考英语二轮训练（4)及答案阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。【福建省福州市2014高考英语3月质检试题】AWith10,600bicyclesincirculation，Pariscityofficialsarehopingtheprogramwillprovidepeoplewithmoreenvironmentallyfriendlytransportation．ItseemsbothParisiansandtouristsaretakingadvantageoftheprogram．Sinceitslaunchalittleovertwoweeksago，Vélibhasalreadyseenalmosthalfamillionrentals．And，withtheadditionof10，000morebikesand700morestationsinthenext12months，cityofficialsexpectatleast200，000regularusersbyyearend．ParisianOlivierBiorethasalreadygoneforaspinononeofVélib’svehiclesandplanstomakeuseofthemmoreoften．“It’sarealpleasure-when，likeme，youdon'thavespaceenoughinyourflattohaveyourownbike—tobeabletodiscover．tocrossParisandnothavetotakethesubway，”hesaid．Asasocialistandlongtimegreenactivist，MayorBertrandDelanoeregardsVélibasjustapartofhisplantoreducecartrafficand，thus,lowerpollutionby2020．Apartfromitsenvironmentalbenefits，Vélibisalsobeingpraisedasawayofcollectingmoneyforthecity,forallthemoneyfromrentalsgoestothecitygovernment．Parisisnotaloneinitsattempttoprofitfromthepowerofthebicycles．Acrosstheglobe，citiessuchasBarcelona，whichstateditsbike-shareprograminMarchwith1,500vehiclesand100stations，andNewYork，whichlaunchedafive-daytrialprogramlastmonth，areusingbicyclesasawaytocutbackonbothtrafficandpollution．However，itremainstobeseenwhetherpeople'sacceptanceoftheseprogramsissimplyapassingfashionorwhetherthismovementhasthepowertotakerootandtransformthefaceofpublictransportationaroundtheworld．56．TherealpurposeofVélibis________．A．tohelppeoplesavemoneyandspaceB．tomakesomemoneyforthecitygovernmentC．toprovideconveniencetobothParisiansandtouristsD．toreducetrafficandpollutioninthecity57．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Therewillbe700stationsinoneyear’stime．B．Therewillbeover20,000bikesinuseinayear．C．Inthefirsttwoweekstherewerenearlyamillionrentals．D．Therewillbe200,000regularrentalseachdaybyyearend．58．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat_________．A．othercitiesalsohavesuchprogramsB．ParisianscanusethebicyclesfreeofchargeC．ParissetsanexampletomanyothercitiesD．Parisisthefirstcitytostartsuchaprogram59．Astothefutureoftheprogram，theauthoris_________．A．critical B．optimistic C．uncertain D．negative【参考答案】56.D 57。B 58。A 59。C 【福建省福州市2014高考英语3月质检试题】BAcarefreesummervacationcanbeyourswiththeseeasytips．1．FlyintoAlternateAirportsMostmajordestinationsareservedbymorethanoneairport．Flyingintoalesspopularonecanresultincheapertickets．Anotheraddedperkofquieterairports？Shortercheck-inandsecuritylines，andlesswaitingaround．2．UsePublicTransportationforCityTraveltoSaveTimeandMoneyWhenpossible，takepublictransportationfromtheairporttoyourhotel．Forexample，theLondon-Heathrowexpresstraintakesjust15minutestogetfromairporttocityandcostsunder20pounds．Bycontrast,“Ataxicostsabout70poundsandtakes40minutes,”reportsDiScala．3．EatSmart，Explore…andSaveLookforwaystotakeyourorderinpriceyrestaurantsandyoucanavoid“Areweabouttorunoutofmoney?”“Don’torderanappetizer．Don’tdrinkalotofbooze，"saysDiScala．Also,covermoregroundbyspreadingoutyoursnackplaces．“Havedessertatacaféoricecreamstand，insteadofatthedinnerrestaurant，”suggestsDiScala．You’llseemoreofthecityanddecisionsaboutwheretogofordinnerwillbelessworrying．4．HittheMarketMuchlikereadingthelocalnewspaper,visitingamarketgivescontexttoaforeigncountry．Eventhesmallestvillagestendtohaveaweeklyopen—airmarket（oftenonSaturdaymornings）,whileinlargertownsandcities，expectadditionalmarketdays，aswellasbigsupermarkets．Marketsalsosellamazing，wallet—friendlysouvenirs．Thinkaboutseasalt，localspicesorsauces，andregionaloilsandvinegars．Eatablegiftsarealmostalwaysappreciated,savingyouthestressoffindingthe“perfect”giftforeachpersononyourlist．60．Thepassageaimstotellthereadershowto________．A．takeaplanewithoutwaitingforlongB．spendyourholidaysabroadeconomicallyC．eatinapriceyrestaurantatthesmallestexpenseD．savemoneytobuyeatablegiftsinaforeignmarket61．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perk”inLine4mean?A．Specialbenefit．B．Strictstandard．C．Commonscene．D．Extratrouble．62．Whichofthefollowingwillbesthelpyousavetimeandmoney？A.Choosingabiggerairport．B.Visitinglocalmarkets．C．Havingdinneratthehotel．D．Takinganexpresstrain．63．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage？A．Havingcoffeeatacafewillcostmoremoney．B．Souvenirsboughtatlocalmarketsareexpensive．C．Youwillrunoutofyourmoneyifyoueatout．D．Marketshelpyouunderstandyourtouristdestination．【参考答案】60。B61.A 62。D 63.D 阅读理解（2011·四川卷，E）Inbusiness，there'saspeeddifference：It'sthedifferencebetweenhowimportantafirm'sleaderssayspeedistotheircompetitive(竞争的)strategy(策略)andhowfastthecompanyactuallymoves.Thedifferenceisimportantregardlessofindustryandcompanysize。Companiesfearfuloflosingtheircompetitiveadvantagespendmuchtimeandmoneylookingforwaystopickupthespeed。Inourstudyof343businesses，thecompaniesthatchosetogo,go，gototrytogain_an_edgeendedupwithlowersalesandoperatingincomesthanthosethatpausedatkeymomentstomakesuretheywereontherighttrack.What’smore,thefirmsthat“sloweddowntospeedup"improvedtheirtopandbottomlines，averaging40%highersalesand52％higheroperatingincomesoverathree。yearperiod.Howdidtheydisobeythe_laws_of_business_physics,_takingmoretimethancompetitorsyetperformingbetter?Theythoughtdifferentlyaboutwhat“slower”and“faster"mean.Firmssometimesfailtounderstandthedifferencebetweenoperationalspeed(movingquickly)andstrategicspeed(reducingthetimeittakestodelivervalue）。Simplyincreasingthespeedofproduction,forexample,maybeonewaytotrytoreducethespeeddifference。Butthatoftenleadstoreducedvalueovertime，intheformoflower。qualityproductsandservices.Inourstudy,higher。performingcompanieswithstrategicspeedalwaysmadechangeswhennecessary。Theybecamemoreopentoideasanddiscussion。Theyencouragednewwaysofthinking。Andtheyallowedtimetolookbackandlearn。Bycontrast(相比而言）,performancesufferedatfirmsthatmovedfastallthetime，paidtoomuchattentiontoimprovingefficiency，Stucktotestedmethods,didn’tdevelopteamspiritamongtheiremployees,andhadlittletimethinkingaboutchanges。Strategicspeedservesasakindofleadership.Teamsthatregularlytaketimetogetthingsright，ratherthanploughaheadfullbore,aremoresuccessfulinmeetingtheirbusinessgoals.Thatkindofstrategymustcomefromthetop.提速，似乎是历来公司老总们所追求的，增加效益更是他们的最终目标。而人们对于速度的不同理解和方法的不同，确实适得其反.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“gainanedge"inParagraph2mean?A．Increasethespeed. B．Getanadvantage。C．Reachthelimit. D．Setagoal。答案：B。理解判断题.在文章的第一段中就提到了许多公司提速的目的就是利益问题，信息词“fearfuloflosingtheircompetitiveadvantage”可以表明划线部分的意义同选项B。18．Theunderlinedpart“thelawsofbusinessphysics”inParagraph3means________。A．spendingmoretimeandperformingworseB．spendingmoretimeandperformingbetterC．spendinglesstimeandperformingworseD．spendinglesstimeandperformingbetter答案：D.归纳概况题。既然公司追求的是提速，自然意味着：takelesstime;而最终的效益还得需要performingbetter，故两者结合，才是公司一直在梦寐以求的最佳目标。故选D。19。Whatcanwelearnfromthetext？A．Howfastafirmmovesdependsonhowbigitis.B．Howcompetitiveafirmisdependsonwhatitproduces.C．Firmsguidedbystrategicspeedtaketimetomakenecessarychanges。D．Firmsguidedbyoperationalspeedtaketimetodevelopnecessaryteamspirit。答案：C。细节判断题。倒数第二段的第一句里含有本题的信息，即同选项C的说法是一致的。20．Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Improvequality?Servebetter。 B．Delivervalue?Ploughahead。C．Reducetime？Movefaster。 D．Needspeed？Slowdown.答案：D。主旨大意题.文章的开头就已经点明了本文的主题方向，即：公司想方设法提高工作速度；而文中通过分析比较不同公司的不同的做法和他们对于速度不同的理解,如果没有好的决策，适得其反，故选项D是最佳答案。阅读理解(2011·重庆卷，C)Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople，isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt。Intheearly16thcentury，peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin。Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths。By1538，theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom。SodidthekingofEnglandin1546。ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV，KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease，thenoblemanshouldnotgoout。Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong。lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking，cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth。Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarⅡ。Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea；clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter，surfacestoshine。Hasthehatefordirt,however，gonetoofar？Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays。Manyfirst.timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary，MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家），encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem。Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground。本文介绍了人们对灰尘的不同态度和看法。16世纪早期，人们认为灰尘能阻挡疾病。人们不能洗澡。18世纪时人们认为洗掉灰尘对身体有好处,能阻止疾病。而现在,人们对灰尘有不同看法，有人认为不能碰灰尘，而有人认为灰尘能增强免疫力.5．ThekingsofFranceandEnglandinthe16thcenturyclosedbathhousesbecause________.A．theylivedhealthilyinadirtyenvironmentB．theythoughtbathhousesweretoodirtytostayinC．theybelieveddiseasecouldbespreadinpublicbathsD．theyconsideredbathingasthecauseofskindisease答案：C。细节理解题.根据短文第二段第二、三句话可知。人们认为公共浴池是特别危险的,法国和英国的国王都关闭了他们的浴池,由此可知C项正确.6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesHenryIV’sattitudetobathing？A．Afraid. B．Curious。C．Approving。 D．Uninterested。答案：A.推理判断题.根据短文第二段最后两句话可知,享利四世以脏出名，当他得知有人洗澡，为了避免疾病侵袭，他下令不准这人出门.由此可知享利四世对于洗澡是相当害怕的。7.Howdoesthepassagemainlydevelop？A。Byprovidingexamples。 B.Bymakingcomparisons.C。Byfollowingtheorderoftime. D。Byfollowingtheorderofimportance。答案:C。细节理解题，本文是以时间为线索进行写作的。先写16世纪人们对灰尘的态度,然后是17世纪，最后写到今天人们的态度。8．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Tostresstheroleofdirt。 B。Tointroducethehistoryofdirt.C。Tocallattentiontothedangerofdirt. D.Topresentthechangeofviewsondirt。答案：D。细节理解题.整篇文章作者陈述了三个不同的时间，人们对待灰尘的看法,由此向我们展示了人们对灰尘观点的改变。科普知识类You’resittingonthetrainhomeandthepersonoppositeyouyawns(打哈欠).Suddenly，you’reyawningwithhim,thoughyou’renottired.Thisphenomenonconfusedscientistsforyearsuntilarecentstudyfoundthatpeopletendtosympathizewithfellowhumans。Supportingthisclaimwasthediscoverythatthosechildrenwhowereunabletoformnormalemotionaltieswithothersdidnotexperiencecontagious(有感染力的）yawning,whichshowedthathumanscommunicateregularlywithoutwords。HugoCritchley，aneuroscientist，hasconductedanexperimentrecently,whichwillprovethathappinessandsadnesscanspreadlikethecommoncold.AccordingtoCritchley，ourmindandbodyareinconstantexchangeabouthowwe’refeeling。“Emotionsarecloselylinkedwithstatesofinternal(内部的)responses，”heexplained.“Therearealsomorevisiblechangesinourgesturesandfacialexpressions.Whenwe’reinagroup,thesesignalscanspreadtoanotherperson。Forexample，there’stheobvioustendencytosmilewhensmiledatandtherearelessobviouschangesthatreflectemotionsofsurprise，angerorsadnesssuchasachangeinourheartrateandbloodpressure.”HugoCritchleyfurtherexplained,“Ourbodiessynchroniseandwhenweliketheotherperson，weevencopyhisbehavior.Nexttimeyouchatwithafriend，takenoteofhowyou'resitting-it’sprettylikelythatyouwillbethesame.Scientistsbelieveit’sourwayoftelling