MOOC Green Chemistry-四川大学 中国大学慕课答案

MOOCGreenChemistry-四川大学中国大学慕课答案ReviewQuestion1、问题：WhatdayistheInternationalOzoneProtectionDay?选项：A、September11thB、September15thC、September16thD、July14th正确答案:【September16th】2、问题：What'stheinfluenceofNuclearWinteronclimate?选项：A、DecreasingthetemperatureoftheEarth'ssurface.B、IncreasingthetemperatureoftheEarth'ssurface.C、Noobviousinfluence.D、Notsureyet.正确答案:【DecreasingthetemperatureoftheEarth'ssurface.】ReviewQuestion1、问题：Whatarethetypicalenvironmentalproblemsinthefollowingstatements?选项：A、Globalwarming;Nuclearwinter(Winterduetonucleareffect)B、DepletionofozonelayerC、Photochemicalsmogandairpollution;AcidrainD、Increaseofheavypeople正确答案:【Globalwarming;Nuclearwinter(Winterduetonucleareffect)#Depletionofozonelayer#Photochemicalsmogandairpollution;Acidrain】1stWeek.Chapter1Homework-TypicalEnvironmentalProblemsReviewQuestion1、问题：Thegoalofgreenchemistryistoeliminatethepotentialofpollutionbeforeitoccurs.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】2、问题：Traditionalpollutiontreatmentcanprovideapermanentcure.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】2ndWeek.Chapter2Homework13rdWeek.Chapter2Homework2ReviewQueation1、问题：Theserenewablefeed-stocksaremostoftenassociatedwithbiologicalandplantbasedstartingmaterials,including:选项：A、AgriculturalwastesB、SawdustC、CarbondioxideD、Coal正确答案:【Agriculturalwastes#Sawdust】4thWeek.Chapter2Homework35thWeek.Chapter2Homework46thWeek.Chapter2Homework56thWeek.Chapter2-UnitTest1、问题：OneoftheresearchareainGreenChemistryistouserenewablefeedstocksforchemicalproduction.Whichcouldbeusedasfeedstocksforchemicalproductioninthefollowingresources?选项：A、KitchengarbageB、WastecookingoilC、AgriculturalwastesD、Microalgae正确答案:【Kitchengarbage#Wastecookingoil#Agriculturalwastes#Microalgae】2、问题：Thereactiontypesinvolvedinbiomassconversiontofinechemicalsandliquidfuelsinclude:选项：A、HydrolysisB、DeoxygenationC、CondensationD、Hydrogenation正确答案:【Hydrolysis#Deoxygenation#Hydrogenation】3、问题：Theenergyiswidelyusedinchemistryandchemicalindustryinthefollowingaspects:选项：A、AcceleratesthereactionratewithheatB、TheneedtocontrolreactivitythroughcoolingC、Pre-heatingofthereactionmixtureD、Separationenergyrequirement正确答案:【Acceleratesthereactionratewithheat#Theneedtocontrolreactivitythroughcooling#Pre-heatingofthereactionmixture#Separationenergyrequirement】4、问题：Whichtypicalenvironmentalproblemsinthefollowingarerelatedtochemicalindustry?选项：A、DepletionofozonelayerB、PhotochemicalsmogandhazeC、AcidrainD、Globalwarming正确答案:【Depletionofozonelayer#Photochemicalsmogandhaze#Acidrain#Globalwarming】5、问题：Severalunconventionalprocessingtechniquesthatrelyonalternativeformsandsourcesofenergyareofimportanceforprocessintensification.Thesealternativeformsandsourcesofenergyinclude:选项：A、SonicB、MicrowavesC、SolarenergyD、Photoandotherradiation正确答案:【Sonic#Microwaves#Solarenergy#Photoandotherradiation】6、问题：Insomecases,theapplicationofatomiceconomicalreactioninchemicalsynthesisisnotenoughforeliminatingtheformationofwastes.Thesecasesinclude:选项：A、ThepresenceofparallelreactionB、LowequilibriumconversionC、LowproductstereoselectivityD、Difficultyinproductseparation正确答案:【Thepresenceofparallelreaction#Lowequilibriumconversion#Lowproductstereoselectivity】7、问题：Theserenewablefeed-stocksaremostoftenassociatedwithbiologicalandplantbasedstartingmaterials,including:选项：A、AgriculturalwastesB、SawdustC、CarbondioxideD、Coal正确答案:【Agriculturalwastes#Sawdust】8、问题：Thegoalofgreenchemistryistotreattheenvironmentalpollutionsalreadygeneratedinchemicalreactions.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】9、问题：Theatomiceconomicalreactionisnotarequisitecondition(必要条件)foreliminatingtheformationofwastesbecausethelowequilibriumconversionandlowproductselectivityinachemicalreactionwillalsobringaboutpollutions.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】10、问题：Renewablefeedstocksarethesubstancesthatareeasilyregeneratedwithintimeframesthatareaccessibletothehumanlifetime,includingcarbondioxideandmethane.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】11、问题：Wecancontrolthereactionprocessevenwecannotmeasuretheparametersofchemicalreaction.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】12、问题：Thegoalofgreenchemistryistoeliminatethepotentialofpollutionbeforeitoccurs.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】13、问题：Oneoftheobviouseffectofcatalysistofacilitatethereactionistominimizetheactivationenergy(energycosts),andthusreducethereactiontemperature.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】14、问题：Traditionalpollutiontreatmentcanprovideapermanentcure.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】15、问题：Chemicalreactionwith100%atomutilizationhastwocharacteristics.Thereactantscouldbefullyutilized,andtheresourcecouldbemostpossiblyusedeconomically.Thewastecouldbeminimized.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】7thWeek.Chapter3Homework18thWeek.Chapter3Homework29thWeek.Chapter3Homework310thWeek.Chapter3Homework410thWeek.Chapter3-UnitTest1、问题：Internalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicalsmeanthepreventionoftoxiceffect(预防毒性).Theygenerallyincludeapproachesusingmolecularmanipulationstoreachthefollowingpurposes.选项：A、Toavoidindirectbio-toxicityorbio-activation(生物活化)B、ToavoiddirecttoxicityC、TofacilitatetheuptakeofchemicalsbyorganismsD、Tofacilitatebio-detoxication正确答案:【Toavoidindirectbio-toxicityorbio-activation(生物活化)#Toavoiddirecttoxicity#Tofacilitatebio-detoxication】2、问题：Propertiesofchemicalsrelatedtotheirenvironmentaldistributionordispersioninclude:选项：A、Volatility(挥发性)ormeltingpointB、Persistence(持久性)orbiodegradabilityC、WatersolubilityD、Conversiontobiologicallyinactivesubstances正确答案:【Volatility(挥发性)ormeltingpoint#Persistence(持久性)orbiodegradability#Watersolubility#Conversiontobiologicallyinactivesubstances】3、问题：Thethreefundamentalrequirementsforchemicaltoxicityare选项：A、ExposureB、Bio-accumulationC、Bio-availabilityD、Intrinsictoxicity正确答案:【Exposure#Bio-availability#Intrinsictoxicity】4、问题：WecoulduseQSARequationstopredicttheaquatictoxicityofchemicalsbytransformingsomeimportantphysicochemicalpropertiesofthechemicalsintodescriptors.Theserelatedphysicochemicalpropertiesinclude:选项：A、Octanol-waterpartitioncoefficient(logP)B、WatersolubilityC、DissolutionconstantD、Relativemolecularweight正确答案:【Octanol-waterpartitioncoefficient(logP)#Watersolubility#Dissolutionconstant#Relativemolecularweight】5、问题：Toxicokineticsrefertotheinterrelationshipofthefollowingprocesses:选项：A、AbsorptionB、DistributionC、MineralizationD、Catalysis正确答案:【Absorption#Distribution】6、问题：Howtochangethepropertyofachemicalinordertoavoiditstoxicitytohumanbeingsandenvironment?选项：A、TomakeitnottopossibletoenterthebodyB、TomakeiteasilyabsorbedC、TomakeitnotpossibletoaffectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesseshazardouslyD、Tomakeitpossibletoaffectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesses正确答案:【Tomakeitnottopossibletoenterthebody#Tomakeitnotpossibletoaffectthebiochemicalandphysiologicalprocesseshazardously】7、问题：Whatarewronginthefollowingdescriptions?选项：A、PharmacophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicalresponseisdesiredinthecaseofdrugsB、PharmacophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicalresponseisundesiredinthecaseofdrugsC、ToxicophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicaleffectisundesiredinthecaseofcommercialchemicalsD、Toxicophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicaleffectisdesiredinthecaseofcommercialchemicalsubstances正确答案:【Pharmacophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicalresponseisundesiredinthecaseofdrugs#Toxicophoreisastructuralfeaturethatthebiologicaleffectisdesiredinthecaseofcommercialchemicalsubstances】8、问题：Theconcentrationofaparticularsubstanceinitstargetorgansisnotnecessarilythehighest.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】9、问题：Ifwewanttoreducetheabsorptionofachemicalsubstancefromthegastrointestinaltract,thelipidsolubilityshouldbedesignedatLogP5.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】10、问题：Electrophilicsubstances/metabolitesreactcovalentlywithnucleophilicsubstituentsofcellularmacromolecules.Thereversiblecovalentinteractionresultsinavarietyoftoxiceffects.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】11、问题：ChemicalswithlogP≤2exhibitlowtoxicity,becausenosufficientlywatersolubilitytoenterthecellularmembranesofaquaticorganisms,thentheyarenotbioavailable.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】12、问题：Internalconsiderationsfordesigningsaferchemicalsmeantopreventthetoxiceffectofchemicals.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】13、问题：Thepurposeofmetabolismisdetoxication.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】14、问题：Non-polar,lipid-solublechemicalscanpenetratethecellularmembranesmorereadily,becausecellularmembraneshaveahigherlipidcontent.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】15、问题：Externalconsiderationsmeantheincrementofexposureoraccessibilityofchemicals.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】ReviewQuestion1、问题：Whichofthemolecularfeaturescangenerallyincreaseresistancetoaerobicbiodegradation?选项：A、Halogens,especiallychlorineandfluorineB、Chainbranchingandhigh-substitutedcompoundsC、Nitro,nitroso,azo,arylaminogroupsandaliphaticether(C-O-C)bondsD、Polycyclicresiduesandheterocyclicresidues正确答案:【Halogens,especiallychlorineandfluorine#Chainbranchingandhigh-substitutedcompounds#Nitro,nitroso,azo,arylaminogroupsandaliphaticether(C-O-C)bonds#Polycyclicresiduesandheterocyclicresidues】11thWeek.Chapter4Homework1ReviewQuestion1、问题：PleasechoosetheotherphysicochemicalpropertiesrelatedtothetoxicityofchemicalstoaquaticspeciesexceptforlogP.选项：A、WatersolubilityB、MolecularsizeandweightC、IonpairandzwitterionsD、Chelation正确答案:【Watersolubility#Molecularsizeandweight#Ionpairandzwitterions#Chelation】2、问题：Theupdateofthechemicalswithmolecularweight≤1000Daltonswillbenegligible,becausethechemicalwillnotdiffuseacrosstherespiratorymembranes(呼吸膜)ofaquaticorganisms.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】12thWeekChapter4Homework213thWeekChapter4Homework313thWeekChapter4Unittest1、问题：Thefollowingmolecularfeaturesofchemicalsgenerallydoincreasetheresistancetoaerobic(需氧)biodegradation,except:选项：A、HalogensandchainbranchingB、PotentialsitesofenzymatichydrolysisC、Un-substitutedlinearalkylchainsD、Heterocyclicresidues正确答案:【Potentialsitesofenzymatichydrolysis#Un-substitutedlinearalkylchains】2、问题：Thepossibleeffectsofthesolubilityofchemicalsonbiodegradabilityareasfollows:选项：A、Bio-activationB、RateofsolubilizationC、EnzymatichydrolysisD、Microbialbioavailability正确答案:【Rateofsolubilization#Microbialbioavailability】3、问题：Whichgroupofmetalsinthefollowingshouldweavoidusingwhenwearedesigningmetalizedaciddyes(金属化酸性染料).选项：A、Al,Cr,orCoB、Al,Cr,orZnC、Cr,Co,orZnD、Fe,Cu,orZn正确答案:【Al,Cr,orCo#Al,Cr,orZn#Cr,Co,orZn】4、问题：Biodegradabilityofchemicalsisusuallyenhancedbythefollowingmolecularfeatures:选项：A、Un-substitutedlinearalkylandphenylringsB、HeterocyclicresiduesC、OxygenintheformofhydroxylorcarboxylicgroupsD、Halogens正确答案:【Un-substitutedlinearalkylandphenylrings#Oxygenintheformofhydroxylorcarboxylicgroups】5、问题：FordelocalizedcationicdyescontainingN,thetoxicitycomparisonshouldbe:选项：A、PrimaryNSecondaryNTertiaryNB、PrimaryNSecondaryNTertiaryNC、ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,themoreacutethetoxicityisD、ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,thelessacutethetoxicityis正确答案:【PrimaryNSecondaryNTertiaryN#ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,themoreacutethetoxicityis】6、问题：Classificationofsurfactantsincludes:选项：A、CationicsurfactantsB、AnionicsurfactantsC、NeutralsurfactantsD、Amphotericsurfactants正确答案:【Cationicsurfactants#Anionicsurfactants#Neutralsurfactants#Amphotericsurfactants】7、问题：Principlesfordesigningsaferdyechemicalstoaquaticspeciesinclude:选项：A、ThenumberofanionsshouldbelessthanthatofcationsB、Sulfonicgroup(磺酸基)isbetterthancarboxylicgroup(羧酸基)C、Molecularweightshouldbelargerthan1000DaltonsD、Todecreasethediameterofthemolecule正确答案:【Sulfonicgroup(磺酸基)isbetterthancarboxylicgroup(羧酸基)#Molecularweightshouldbelargerthan1000Daltons】8、问题：Muscarinicantagonistis(蝇覃碱拮抗剂)isasilaneanalogofneopentylcarbamate(新戊基氨基甲酸酯),theformerismorebiodegradablethanthelatter.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】9、问题：Forveryinsolublechemicals,thereplacementofagivenfunctionalgroupthatincreasessolubilitymayreducethebiodegradability.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】10、问题：IfOhasbeeninsertedintothestructureduringmoleculardesign,thebiodegradabilityofachemicalwillbeenhanced.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】11、问题：DDDisasilaneanalogofDDT(organochlorinepesticide有机氯杀虫剂),theformerismorebiodegradablethanthelatter.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】12、问题：Theeventualmineralizationoforganiccompoundscanbeattributedpredominantlytothebiodegradationbyhigherorganisms.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】13、问题：IfwecomparethemoleculeA()withanothermoleculeB(moleculeB.选项：),themoleculeAshowshighertoxicitythantheA、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】14、问题：Themajorityofchemicalsthataretoxictoaquaticspeciesaretoxicbyspecifictoxicity.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】15、问题：TheintroductionofOisparticularlyimportantforbiodegradation,becausethe1ststepofbiodegradationissomekindofoxidationreactionwhichisalmostalwaystheratelimitingstep.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】14thWeekChapter5Homework116thWeekChapter5Homework316thWeekChapter5-Unittest1、问题：Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)arefrequentlyusedassolventsinchemicalreactions,whichwillleadtopotentialharmfulnesstohandlersandenvironments.Fromtheviewpointsofgreenchemistry,whichinthefollowingcouldbeusedasnewsolventsinsteadofVOCsforchemicalsynthesis?选项：A、WaterB、SupercriticalCO2C、Tetrahydrofuran(THF)D、Deepeutectics(低共熔溶剂)正确答案:【Water#SupercriticalCO2#Deepeutectics(低共熔溶剂)】2、问题：WecanusethefollowingsubstancestoreplacethetraditionalinorganicoxidantssuchasCrO3,KMnO4,andHNO3incleaneroxidationreactions:选项：A、H2O2B、LatticeoxygenC、N2OD、O2正确答案:【H2O2#Latticeoxygen#N2O#O2】3、问题：Theuseofcatalystsispreferredingreenchemistrybecauseofthefollowingreasons:选项：A、IncreasetheselectivityofaspecialproductB、PromotethechemicalprocessesC、ReduceenvironmentalpollutionsD、Activatenewstartingmaterials正确答案:【Increasetheselectivityofaspecialproduct#Promotethechemicalprocesses#Reduceenvironmentalpollutions#Activatenewstartingmaterials】4、问题：Consideringthefoodrequirement,thefollowingbiomassresourcescouldbeusedasthechemicalfeedstocksforproducingfinechemicalsandliquidfuels:选项：A、WoodywastesB、MicroalgaeC、WheatD、Rice正确答案:【Woodywastes#Microalgae】5、问题：Catalyticdistillationisakindoftechniqueofprocessintensification,whichcombinesthecatalyticreactionandproductseparationinasingledistillationcolumn.Whichequipmentortechniquesinthefollowingareincludedinprocessintensification?选项：A、MembranereactorB、StaticMixersC、MicroreactorsD、Vacuumdistillation正确答案:【Membranereactor#StaticMixers#Microreactors】6、问题：Oxidationreactionsarefrequentlyusedinpetrol-refinery(石油炼制).Tominimizethepollutionsinducedbyinorganicoxidants,so