北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高三上学期期中英语试题（含答案）

北京市海淀区2022-2023学年第一学期期中练习高三英语本试卷共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AcoupleinItalywhometatanightlybalconyconcertduringthecoronaviruslockdownarebecomingamodern-dayRomeoandJulietinthesamecitywhereShakespeare'sstoryofunfortunateloverstookplace.EddaFarinaandMarcoColombo1eachotherduringoneoftheregular6:00pm2concertsdesignedtocheerupthecommunity.EddainitiallynoticedMarcowhenshesteppedoutsidetohisviolin_3_onhisbalcony.Shesaid,“ThemusicwaslikeanarrowfiredbyCupid”.Marco,whoalsofellinloveatfirstsight,trackedEddadownonsocialmedia.Thetwokept_4_eachothertillonedayMarcomadeabigbannertohangfromthetopfloorofhisbuildingwithEdda'snameonitto_5hisloveforher.Theythenhadtheirfirstdateinaparkastherestrictionswere6inMay.Itturnedoutthecouplehadlivedinthesameneighbourhoodformuchoftheirlives,butit_7aglobalpandemictofinallybringthemtogether.Perhapsthefactthatthecouplecouldleanoneachotherduringthelockdownmeantthattheyhadbuilta8foundationbeforetheymetup.AsMarcosharedonhissocialmedia,“Weareconsideringaweddingceremonyonthelargeroofofmyapartmentbuilding,whichwould9sincewemetonourbalconies”.Finallyabalconylovestorythatendshappily-oneShakespearehimselfcouldneverhave 10!1. A. greeted B. recognized C. spotted D. monitored2. A. balcony B. charity C. folk D. square3. A. studio B. talent C. practice D. performance4. A. consulting B. messaging C. dating D. visiting5. A. seek B. declare C. share D. win6. A. lifted B. announced C. introduced D. rejected7. A. caused B. deserved C. needed D. took8. A. sound B. material C. fresh D. basic9. A. workout B. takeeffect C. makesense D. payoff10. A.understoodB.adopted C.edited D.anticipated第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题纸指定区域作答。ACharlesDickenswasbornonFebruary7th,1812,thesonofaclerkattheNavyPayOffice.Hisfather,11(continuous)livingbeyondhismeans,wasimprisonedfordebtintheMarshalseain1824.Twelve-year-oldCharles_12_(remove)fromschoolandsenttoworkataboot-blackingfactory,earningsixshillingsaweektohelpsupportthefamily.Thisdarkexperiencecastashadowovertheclever,sensitiveboy.Thechildhoodpovertyandfeelingsofabandonmentwouldbeaheavyinfluence13Dickens'laterviewsonsocialreformandtheworldhewouldcreatethroughhisfiction.BFarmingwasconsideredpartoftheruralcharminthepast.Butnow,farmshavecometotheconcretejungleandtheycanevenbefoundhighuponbalconies.Accordingtoarecentreport14(release)byaChinesee-commerceplatform,thesalesofvegetableseedsinthefirstquarteronT-malldoubledcomparedwiththesameperiodlastyear.Salesofproductssuchasnutrientsoilandgardeningtools15(rise)threetimessincelastApril.Outofallthepeople16(buy)farmingtoolsandseeds,mostwerebornafter1995.CHowpeoplethinkabouttheircompetence_17_(influence)howtheylearnandgrow.Peoplewithafixedmindsetbelievethattheirtalentsandqualitiesarepre-determinedandunchanging.Therefore,theyeasilyadoptlimitingbeliefsabout_18theycanandcannotdo.Thisfixedmindsetcanleadpeopletoavoidchallenges,tofeelthreatenedbyothers'success,andtoturnadeafear_19thereisanethicalmisbehavior.Onthecontrary,peopledrivenbygrowthmindsetaremoreconvincedthattheir20(capable)canbedeveloped,thusmoremotivatedtotakeonchallengesandrespondwelltocriticism.第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。ANia'sfamilymovedoften,findingshelterinroomswithrelatives.Tensionsrosewitheverymoveandshoutingmatcheswereconstant.Wheneverythingcametoaboil,Niafounditbesttokeepsilent.Shebecamemoreandmorewithdrawnasshegotolder,losingconfidenceinherselfandhervoice.Whenshewasayoungadult,Niahaddevelopedafearofspeaking.SowhenafriendtoldheraboutYouthCare'sTileProject,shewasterrified.ButNiawantedtotakestepstofindajobandsupportherself.Shefinallytookadeepbreathanddecidedtogiveitashot.Niasignedupforaceramic（陶瓷）class.Thepassionshegainedforlearninganewcraftwasclear-butwhenitcametogroupactivitiesintheclassroom,Niastruggled.Shetoldstaffthatshedidn'tlikebeingaroundpeopleshedidn'tknow.Sowhentheclasswasgiventheopportunitytoselltheirartworkatalocalfair,Niahesitated.WiththesupportfromYouthCareCareerCoordinator,Kate,shecautiouslyagreed.Whenthebigdaycame,shopperspouredintothefair,approachingNiawithquestionsabouttheprogramandartpiecesforsale.Eachtime,NiaturnedtoKatetowhispertheanswersinherear,andKaterepeatedtheanswersoutloud.Atonepointduringthefair,shewasleftaloneforamoment.Whenacustomercameuptoaskaquestion,Niaansweredwithhesitation.Soonafter,anothervisitorcame.WhenKatereturnedtoherside,Niafoughtbackherfearsandansweredtheirquestionsonherown.Nia'sconfidencegrewwitheveryinteraction.Bytheendoftheday,shewasbeaming.“IwassoimpressedbyNia.Shereallylovedexplainingtocustomershowtofireceramic,"saidKate.“Theartworkshesoldwasthebiggestsaleoftheday!”Thatdayatthefairwaslife-changingforNia.Shediscoveredthatshetrulyenjoyedtalkingtoothers-especiallyaboutart!Withcontinuedsupportfromstafftobuildcommunicationskillsandconfidence,NiacompletedtheTileProjectwithflyingcolors.21. WhatmadeNiafinallydecidetotrytheProject?A. Herfamilyatmosphere. B. Herfriend'spersuasion.C. Herdesiretofindajob. D. Herpassionforceramics.22. Thefairislife-changingforNiabecauseshe .A. discoveredhertruelove inart B. madethebiggestsaleinthefairC. wontherecognitionofcustomers D. gainedconfidencethroughinteraction23.WhatcanweknowaboutNia?A.Shewasforcedtothefair. B.Shedidverywellthroughoutthefair.C.Shefinishedtheprojectsuccessfully. D.Shewasstrugglinginlearningceramic.BItisourmissiontohelpbusybutcurioushomecooksmakethebestpurchasedecisions.Nowcompileourinformativelistsbelow.KitchnIfyou'rededicatedtolearningtheinsandoutsofcookingandwantafullprogram,KitchnCookingSchooloffersanonlinecoursethatincludes20lessonsover20daysforonly$30eachclass.Eachday,anewtopiciscovered,startingwithknifeskillsandendingwithhowtoplan,cookandthrowadinnerparty.Mostimportantly,theinstructorsvaluethejoyincooking.ThetoneofKitchnislight,playful,andfun,butstillprofessionalandveryinformative.UdemyWithover183,000onlinecoursesavailable,Udemyoffersavarietyofcookingcoursestaughtbyinstructorsaroundthecountry.Manyvideoscomewithbonusmaterialthatincludessuggestionsonkitchentoolsandequipment.Udemyoffersgreatdealswithlargesalesonclasses,aswellasaselectionoffreecontent.Coursescomewithfull,lifetimeaccesswhenpurchasedanda30-day,money-backguarantee.Pricesgenerallyrangefrom$10to$30.RouxbeWidelyrecognizedastheleadingonlinecookingschoolamongindustryprofessionals,Rouxbeoffersawidearrayofindividuallessons,plustheirprofessionalcertificateprograms.Membershipcostsaround$15permonthor$99peryear,butRouxbeoftenoffersdiscountsontheirannualmembership,aswellasa30-dayfreetrial.So,ifyou'vebeenstrugglingtocomeupwithrecipestocookathome,Rouxbeisafantasticresourcethatprovidessimple,qualityprofessionalguidance.NYTNYTisrecognizedforitsfoodsectionandoffersalargeselectionofinstructionalcookingvideosonlineforallskilllevels.Forthosewithspecificdietarypreferences,youcaneasilyfindwhatyou'relookingforbyselectingcategorieslikedairy-free,low-carb,highfiberandmore.Membershipfeeisaround$5permonthor$40annuallyforunlimitedaccess.And,nottoworry:Youcancancelatanytime.24.Whichoneismostlikelytoattractvegetarians?A.Kitchn.B.Udemy.C.Rouxbe.D.NYT.25.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Kitchnisrecognizedforitsprofessionalandinformativestyle.B.Udemyoffersrichcookingcoursesbyworldwideinstructors.C.Rouxbeishighlythoughtofbyindustryprofessionals.D.NYTtargetspeoplewithspecificdietarypreferences.26.Whatdothefourschoolshaveincommon?A.Theyofferonlinecourses.C.Theyprovideextramaterials.B.Theyallowspecialdiscounts.D.Theyengagefamousinstructors.27.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tocomparethecookingmethods.C.Topromotehomecookingskills.B.Torecommendcookingschools.D.TointroducecookingcoursesCNextFrontiersSchoolbookstypicallypresentexplorersasintrepid（勇敢的）individualswho，forexample，sailwoodenshipstonewlands.Buttodaymostexplorerswhoaremakingfundamentaldiscoveriesarescientists.Andwhetherthefrontiersaretiny,likethehumangenome,ormassive,likeourdeepestoceans,westillhavemuchlefttolearnaboutplanetEarth.Thequeststhatmodernscientistspursuerival（比得上）anythinginahistorybookoranadventurenovel.Explorationisscienceinitsmostbasicform-askingquestionsofthenaturalworldand,wehope,usingtheanswersforthebettermentofeverythingonEarth.Explorationhasgreatvalue.Itinspiresus,widensourknowledgeandgivesushopeforabetterfuture.Andthepracticalpayoffscanevenbelifesaving.Scientistswhospentdecadesexploringwhatwasintheatmospherefoundthatovertimetheconcentrationofcarbondioxidewasrising.Withoutthatdiscovery,wehumanswouldnowbelivingliketheproverbialfroginapotofgraduallyheatingwater,unsurewhytheenvironmentaroundusischanging,andslowlyboilingtodeath.Thehumandrivetoovercomechallengesisanessentialaspectofthehumandrivetoexplore,which,inmostcases,spursinnovation.Earlyhumansubmersiblesthatreachedthebottomofthedeepestoceantrenchesmadethetripjustonce,stressedbytheenormouspressuresthere.Buteventuallyamorestress-resistantdeep-submergencevehicle,theLimitingFactor,allowedinvestorandunderseaexplorerVictorVescovotoreachtrenchbottomsnumeroustimes.Nowthereareroughly4,000autonomousArgofloatsacrosstheworld'soceansthatdivedownto2,000feetandresurfaceevery10days.Programmablevesselsgreatlyexpandourreachandreducetherisktothepeopleinvolvedinexploration,allowingforthekindofdiscoverythatthehumanbodymightlimit.TheArgogroupwillalsodeploydozensofsensorseveryyearthatwillgatherbiologicalandchemicaldata,leadingtonewobservationsaboutmarinelife.Otherinstitutionsplantosearchtheseasinunison,sendingdatatoguideshipsthatforwardtheinformationtoresearchersonshore.Oceanresearchgroupshavemadeitaprioritytoopenlysharetheirdiscoveriesanddatawiththepublicandtoinspirethenextgenerationofyoungscientists.Anyonecangoalongfortheride-wecanallbeexplorers.Maybeonedayyou'llexploretheGreatBarrierReef,thedesert,orarain-forestcanopy.CaptainJamesT.KirkbeganeachepisodeoftheoriginalStarTrektelevisionseriesbysaying,“Space,thefinalfrontier."Notnecessarily.WestillhaveplentytodiscoverrighthereonEarth,andweeagerlyawaitsurprisesfromthenewestworldswefind.28.Theexample“proverbialfrog”inParagraph3isusedto A.illustratethesignificanceofexplorationB.stresstheimportanceofknowledgeC.argueforthenecessityofinnovationD.showtheimpactofglobalwarming29.WecanlearnfromParagraph4and5that A.thehumandesiretoovercomechallengesleadstoinnovationB.sealifeobservationisthefinalpurposeofoceanexplorationC.thefindingsofoceanexplorationareratherdisappointingD.newtechnologiespushhumanexplorationintheocean30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Fewmodernscientistsaretrueexplorers.B.Thespacewillbehuman'sfinalfrontier.C.Exploringisanin-bornhumanquality.D.Exploringtheearthcanstillbefruitful.DHumanshavelonggainedpleasurefromthesmellsofthenaturalworld.Forthemostpart,though,humanbeingsarenottheirtargetmarket.Forplants,fragrancesareawaytointeractwithinsectsandotheranimals.Theirattractionforpeoplehappenssimplybychance.Inchemicalterms,mostnaturalfragrancesaremadeupofvolatiles-socalledbecauseoftheirtendencytochangestatessuddenly.Volatilesevaporateeasily,driftingintonoses.Inplants'reproductiveprocesses，smellyvolatilesattractpollinators（授粉昆虫）.Buttheirnaturalapplicationsaremuchmorevaried.IfaninsectchewsthroughtheleavesofsomeBurseraplants,outshootsasticky,smellyliquidtotrapit.Coyotetobaccoplantsareevenmorecrafty:uponsensingthesmellofhungrycaterpillars,theyproducevolatilesthatattractpredatorstokillthepests.Whatistrulyamazingisjusthowwilyplantscanbeinusingtheirscentsforreproduction.Whiteflowersoftenemittheirscentatnighttoattractnocturnalpollinatorssuchasmoths.Theyproduceadilutenectar（稀释的花蜜）thatencouragesmothstokeepmoving，ratherthanlingeratasinglebloom-allthebettertoincreasepollination.Otherflowerschangetheirfragranceafterbeingsuccessfullypollinated,asasignalforinsectstogoelsewhere.Butthough“Scent"isastoryofplants'cleverness,itisalsoataleofthehumankind.Peoplehavelongusedfragrancesfortheirownpurposes,particularlyforuseinreligiousceremonies:perfumerecipesonthewallsofanEgyptiantempleinEdfudemonstratejusthowlongingredientshavebeenmixedinpursuitofthebestblend.Sohighlyprizedweresomescentsthat,toscareoffcompetitors,Arabtradersspreadalegendaboutgianteaglesthatguardedcinnamon（肉桂）.Eventuallyscientistsnolongerneedednaturalsourcesforfragrances.In1866afragrancemoleculewasproducedforthefirsttime.Sixteenyearslater,HoubigantParfumreleasedFougèreRoyale,thefirst“modernfantasyperfume"thatcreatesanimaginaryscentratherthancopyinganaturalone.Nowadaysfragrance-makingisdominatedbyman-madecompounds,whichcanbereliablyandaffordablyproducedinlargequantities.Thathasledtothemassproductionofsmellyproducts,fromtoiletpapertotoothpaste.Scentisaccordinglybigbusiness.Itissaidthataworld-famousfragranceandflavourmanufacturerthatclaimspeopleinteractwithitsproductsupto30timesaday,hadsalesof€3.8bnlastyear.31.AccordingtoParagraph1and2,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Someplantsmightkillthepestswiththeirsmells.B.Fragranceisatoolforplantstoprotectthemselves.C.Peopleinteractwithnatureeasilythroughfragrance.D.Fragrancesarelessimportanttohumansthantoanimalsandinsects.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prized”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Developed.B.Rewarded.C.Mixed.D.Valued.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Humansdonotusefragrancesaspurposefullyasplantsdo.B.Naturalsourcesforfragranceswillbeoutofdateinthefuture.C.Plantsusefragrancestobothattractandsendawaypollinators.D.Man-madefragranceshavetobeproducedbycopyingnaturalones.34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PlantsSmell,InsectsPreyC.Fragrance:ToMakeorNottoMakeB.SmartnessbehindFragranceD.FragranceConnectsHuman&Nature第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowSociologistsDefineCultureCultureisoneofthemostimportantconceptswithinsociologybecausesociologistsrecognizethatitplaysacrucialroleinoursociallives.Itisimportantforshapingsocialrelationships,maintainingandchallengingsocialorder,determininghowwemakesenseoftheworldandourplaceinit,andinshapingoureverydayactionsandexperiencesinsociety.35Inbrief,sociologistsdefinethenon-materialaspectsofcultureasthevaluesandbeliefs,language,communicationandpracticesthataresharedincommonbyagroupofpeople.Expandingonthesecategories,cultureismadeupofourknowledge,commonsense,assumptionsandexpectations.Itisalsotherules,norms,lawsandmoraIsthatgovernsociety;thewordsweuseaswellashowwespeakandwritethem;andthesymbolsweusetoexpressmeaning,ideasandconcepts.36Itinformsandisencapsulatedinhowwewalk,sit,carryourbodiesandinteractwithothers;howwebehavedependingontheplace,timeand“audience";andhowweexpressidentitiesofrace,classandgender,amongothers.Cultureincludesthecollectivepracticesweparticipateinaswell,suchasreligiousceremonies,thecelebrationofsecularholidaysandattendingsportingevents.37Thisaspectofcultureincludesawidevarietyofthings,frombuildings,technologicalgadgetsandclothing,tofilm,music,literatureandart,amongothers.Aspectsofmaterialculturearemorecommonlyreferredtoasculturalproducts.Sociologistsseethetwosidesofculture-thematerialandnon-material-ascloselyconnected.Materialcultureemergesfromandisshapedbythenon-materialaspectsofculture.38Butitisnotaone-wayrelationshipbetweenmaterialandnon-materialculture.Materialculturecanalsoinfluencethenon-materialaspectsofculture.Forexample,apowerfuldocumentaryfilmmightchangepeople'sattitudesandbeliefs.39Whathascomebeforeintermsofmusic,film,televisionandart,forexample,influencesthevalues,beliefsandexpectationsofthosewhointeractwiththem,whichthen,inturn,influencethecreationofadditionalculturalproducts.A.Thisiswhyculturalproductstendtofollowpatterns.B.Itiscomposedofbothnon-materialandmaterialthings.C.Withoutculture,wewouldnothaverelationshipsorsociety.D.Cultureisalsowhatwedoandhowwebehaveandperform.E.Materialcultureiscomposedofthethingsthathumansmakeanduse.F.Cultureisdistinctfromsocialstructureandeconomicaspectsofsociety.G.Inotherwords,whatwevalue,believeandknowinfluencesthethingsthatwemake.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。Nobodylikestofeelanxious.Anxietyisamongthemostcommonandcriticizedofhumanemotions.Studiesshowthatover100millionpeopleintheU.S.willsufferfromananxietydisorderintheirlifetime.Rates,especiallyamongtheyoung,havebeenrisingforthepastdecade.Itseems,then,thatoureffortstocontainanxietyaren'tworking.Asaclinicalpsychologistandneuroscienceresearcher,Ibelievethatwementalhealthprofessionalshavemadeaterriblemistake.Feelinganxiousisn'ttheproblem.Theproblemisthatwedon'tunderstandhowtorespondconstructivelytoanxiety.That'swhyit'sincreasinglyhardtoknowhowtofeelgood.This“bad"feelingisn'tafailureofmentalhealth.It'satriumphofhumanevolution:theabilitytothinkabouttheuncertainfutureandprepareforit.Theunpleasantemotion,forexample,fear,signalsthatyoumaybeindanger-fromapredator,bullyorspeedingcar-andreadiesyourbodyandmindtofightortakeflight.Anxiety,bycontrast,hasnothingtodowithpresentthreats.Instead,itturnsyouintoamentaltimetraveler,drawingyourattentiontowhatliesahead.Willyousucceedorfailinthatinterviewforajobyoudesperatelywant?Anxietypromptsyourmindandbodyintoaction.Yourworriesforceyoutopreparethoroughlyfortheinterview,whileyourheartracesandpumpsbloodtoyourbrainsothatyoustaysharpandfocused,preparedtopursueyourgoals.Researchhasalsoshownsomethingthatmanyscientistsdidn’texpect：higherlevelsofdopamine（多巴胺）whenwe’reanxious.Wehavelongknownthatdopaminesoarswhenanexperienceispleasurableandalsoinanticipationofrewards.Thefactthatanxietyalsoboostsdopaminelevelspointstoitsroleinmakingpositivepossibilitiesintoreality.Manyofusfeeloverwhelmedbylastinganxietyanddon'tseeanybenefitfromit.Wehavecometobelievethatthebestwaytocopeistogetridofit.Buttreatinganxietylikeadiseasepreventsusfromdistinguishingbetweenordinaryanxietyandanxietydisorders.Weneedtodevelopanewmindsetaboutthismisunderstoodemotion.Anxietycan'tdoitsjobunlessitmakesusuncomfortable,forcingustositupandpayattention.Wedon'tneedtolikeanxiety-justtouseitintherightway.40.Whyisitincreasinglyhardforustoknowhowtofeelgood?41.Howdoesanxietyhelponeinajobinterview?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Researchhasshownthatdopaminesoarswhenanexperienceispleasurable,butitisinlowerlevelswhenweareanxious.43.Howdoyoucopewithanxietypositivelyinyourdailylife?(Inabout40words)第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三（1）班班长李华。近期你班计划开展“信息安全教育”的主题班会，请你给你班交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1．班会目的及活动安排；2．请他参加并在会后发表感想。注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词语：informationsecurityDearJim,.....