浙江省强基联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考英语试题（含解析）

2022学年第一学期浙江强基联盟10月统测高三年级英语试题第一部分听力（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有5秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whathappenedtotheman?A.He'sinjured. B.He'stired. C.He'slost.2.Whatdoesthewomanwanttogrowinhergarden?A.Herbs. B.Flowers. C.Vegetables.3.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Angry. B.Pleased. C.Unconfident.4.WhatisthewomangoingtodoonSunday?A.Getahaircut. B.Workintheoffice. C.Climbthemountains.5.Whenwillthetestbegintoday?A.At9:30a.m. B.At10:00a.m. C.At10:30a.m.第二节：（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthemanprobablytryingtodo?A.Openanewbankaccount.B.Exchangesomemoney.C.Withdrawmoneyfromhisaccount.7.Whatistheman'smainproblem?A.Hedoesn'thaveanymoney.B.Heforgothisbankaccountnumber.C.Hisbankisn'tavailableinNewYork.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Inagym. B.Onastreet. C.Intheman'soffice.9.Whatistheman'swish?A.Toimprovehishealthcondition.B.Tomakefriendsinthegym.C.Tojoininacompetition.10.Whatkindofdealwillthemanprobablytake?A.Adiscountedmonthlymembership.B.Afreeweightliftingclass.C.Afreeone-timevisit.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Carsalesmanandcustomer.B.Carmechanicandclient.C.Carcollectorandvisitor.12.Whatisprobablywrongwiththewoman'scaraccordingtotheman?A.Itistooold.B.Itwashitinanaccident.C.Ithasanissuewithitsengine.13.Howmuchwillthemanprobablyoffertogetthepreviouscar?A.$10,000. B.$35,000. C.$45,000.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Inwhichcountryarethespeakers?A.Russia. B.Mongolia. C.China.15.Whatdoesthemanprobablydoforaliving?A.Aminer. B.Alandsurveyor. C.Ateacher.16.Whyisthewoman'sEnglishgood?A.BecausesheteachesEnglishpart-time.B.BecauseshehasreadmanyEnglishnovels.C.BecauseoneofherparentsisanativeEnglishspeaker.17.Whatdoweknowaboutthecoldestcapitalcityintheworld?A.Itisbeautifulinwinter.B.It'sacitywithauniquehistory.C.Itsheatingispoweredbyelectricity.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whichgradewillthestudentsenternextyear?A.The9thgradeinhighschool.B.The10thgradeinhighschool.C.Thefirstyearinuniversity.19.Whyisthespeakergivingthelesson?A.Tointroducethecurrentschoolyear.B.Topreparefortheupcomingfinalexam.C.Tocelebratetheendoftheschoolyear.20.Whatwillthestudentsdolast?A.Watchamovie.B.Makeagrouppresentation.C.Practicethegreetingsinpairs.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AUrbangardensarevaluableassetstocommunities.Theyprovidegreenspacestogrowsustainablefood,buildcommunitycohesion(凝聚力)，makenewfriends,connectwiththeearth,andmuchmore.So,let'scheckoutourlistof4inspiringurbangardensintheUS.GothamGreensWhere:NewYork&ChicagoWhat:GothamGreensfirststartedinBrooklynandnowhasfourlocationsinNewYorkCityandChicago.TheirflagshipfarminBrooklynproducesover100,000poundsofgreensperyear.Butitdoesn'tjustproducehealthylocalvegetables.Itisusinghigh-techgreenhouseswithsolarpanelstomakesurethefoodgrownishealthyandsustainable.BaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudentsWhere:Baltimore,MarylandWhat:TheBaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudents(BUGS)programencouragesstudentstogettheirhandsdirtyandplantvegetablesthroughtheirafter-schoolandsummerprograms.Manyofthesekidsdon'thaveaccesstogreenspaces,andhaveneverhadtheopportunitytogrowfood.ReVisionUrbanFarmWhere:Boston,MassachusettsWhat:ReVisionUrbanFarminBostonworksinpartnershipwiththeReVisionFamilyHome-ashelterfor22homelessparentsandtheirkids.Thefarmprovidesthesefamilieswithinformationonhealthyeating,andaccesstothefarm’sfreshvegetables.Theorganizationalsoprovidesjobtrainingtohelpfamiliesescapethecycleofpoverty.SwaleWhere:NewYorkWhat:Swale,afloatingfoodforestlocatedonalargeboat,isaninnovativeprojectmeanttoinspirecitizenstorethinktherelationshipbetweenourcitiesandourfood.Thisurbangardenservesasbothalivingartexhibitandaneducationalfarm.Foodforestsaresustainablegardensthatincludevegetables,fruit,nuttrees,bushes,herbs,andvines-eachonecomplementingtheotherinasymbiotic(共生的)relationship.21.WhatdoestheBUGSprogrammainlydo?A.Providejobtrainingforstudents.B.Usehigh-techgreenhousestogrowhealthyfood.C.Createasustainablegardenonalargeboat.D.Offerstudentstheopportunitytogrowvegetables.22.Whichurbangardenhelpspeoplegetoutofpoverty?A.GothamGreens. B.BaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudents.C.ReVisionUrbanFarm. D.Swale.23.Wherecancitizensgotoseeafoodforest?A.Chicago. B.Baltimore. C.Boston. D.NewYork.BLikemanyotherfive-year-old,JeanieLowofHouston,Texas,woulduseastool(凳子)tohelpherreachthebathroomsink.However,theplasticstep-stoolshehadathomewasunstableandclutteredupthesmallbathroomsharedbyherwholefamily.Afterlearningofaninventioncontestheldbyherschoolthatyear,Jeanieresolvedtoenterthecontestbycreatingastoolthatwouldbeapermanentfixtureinthebathroom,andyetcouldbekeptoutofthewaywhennotinuse.Jeaniedecidedtomakeastoolattachedtothebathroomcabinetdoorunderthesink.Shecutaboardofwoodintotwopieces,eachabouttwofeetwideandonefootlong.Usingmetalhinges(铰链)，Jeanieattachedonepieceofthewoodtothefrontofthecabinetdoor,andthesecondpiecetothefirst.Thefirstpiecewassetjusthighenoughsothatwhenitswungouthorizontallyfromthecabinetdoor,thesecondpiecewouldswingdownfromthefirst,justtouchingtheground,andsoservingasasupportforthefirstpieceofthewood.Thiscreatedaconvenient,strongplatformforanypersontooshorttoreachthesink.Whennotinuse,thehingesallowedthetwopiecesofwoodtofoldbackuptightlyagainstthecabinet,wheretheywereheldinplacebymagnets.Jeaniecalledherinventionthe“KiddieStool”.Jeanie'sKiddieStoolwonfirstplaceinherschool'scontest.Twoyearslater,itwasawardedfirstprizeagainatHouston'sfirstannualInventionFair.Asaresult,JeaniewasinvitedtomakeanumberofpublicappearanceswithherKiddieStool,andwasfeaturedonlocalTVaswellasinnewspapers.ManypeoplefoundthestoryoftheKiddieStoolinspiringbecauseitshowedthatwithimagination,anyonecanbeaninventor.24.WhydidJeanieLowinventtheKiddieStool,accordingtothepassage?A.Manyotherfive-year-oldshadproblemsreachingthebathroomsink.B.Shedidnotthinkthatplasticstoolsweretallenoughforher.C.Thestoolinherbathroomwasnotfirmandoftengotintheway.D.Shewasinvitedtoenteraninventioncontestheldbyherschool.25.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouthowtheKiddieStoolworks?A.TheKiddieStoolwillswingoutonlywhenthecabinetdooropens.B.Ituseshingesandmagnetstokeepthewoodenpiecesinplace.C.Itswingsfromlefttorighttobeattachedtothecabinetdoor.D.Theplatformissupportedbytwopiecesofmetal.26.WhatarethecharacteristicsofJeanie'sKiddieStool?A.Permanentandfoldable. B.Fragileanddisposable.C.Conventionalandportable. D.Convenientandrecyclable.27.WhichofthefollowingsayingsbestcapturesthespiritofJeanieLow'sstory?A.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.B.Necessityisthemotherofinvention.C.Geniusis1%inspirationand99%perspiration.D.Inventionrequiresbothdisciplinesandwildimagination.CInJapan,youarewhatyourbloodtypeis.Aperson'sbloodtypeispopularlybelievedtodecidehis/hercharacterandpersonality.Type-Apeoplearegenerallyconsideredsensitiveperfectionistsandgoodteamplayers,butover-anxious.TypeOSarecuriousandgenerousbutstubborn.TypeABsareartisticbutmysteriousandunpredictable,andtypeBsarecheerfulbuteccentric,individualistic,andselfish.Thoughlackingscientificevidence,thisbeliefiswidelyseeninbooks,magazines,andtelevisionshows.Lastyear,fourofJapan'stop10best-sellerswereabouthowbloodtypedeterminespersonality,throughwhichreadersseemedtobeabletodiscoverthedefinitionoftheirbloodtypeorhavetheirself-imageconfirmed.Theblood-typebeliefhasbeenusedinunusualways.ThewomensoftballteamthatwongoldforJapanattheBeijingOlympicsisreportedtohaveusedblood-typetheoriestocustomizetrainingforeachplayer.Somekindergartenshaveadoptedteachingmethodsalongbloodgrouplines,andevenmajorcompaniesreportedlymakedecisionsaboutassignmentsbasedonanemployee'sbloodtype.In1990,MitsubishiElectronicswasreportedtohaveannouncedtheformationofateamcomposedentirelyofABworkers,thanksto“theirabilitytomakeplans".Thebeliefevenaffectspolitics.OneformerprimeministerconsidereditimportantenoughtorevealinhisofficialprofilethathewasatypeA,whilehisoppositionrivalwastypeB.In2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinoffice,whenabad-temperedencounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.Inhisresignationspeech,heblamedhisfailingsonthefactthathewasbloodtypeB.Theblood-typecraze,consideredsimplyharmlessfunbysomeJapanese,mayrevealitselfasprejudiceanddiscrimination.Infact,thisseemssocommonthattheJapanesenowhaveatermforit:bura-hara,meaningblood-typeharassment(骚扰).Therearereportsofdiscriminationleadingtochildrenbeingbullied,endingofhappyrelationships,andlossofjobopportunitiesduetobloodtype.28.What'sthemainideaofparagraph1?A.TheJapaneseattachgreatimportancetobloodtype.B.ThebooksaboutbloodtypearepopularinJapan.C.TheJapaneseconfirmtheirpersonalitytotallythroughbloodtype.D.TheJapanesethinkbloodtypebestsellersareimportanttotheirself-image.29.Accordingtothepassage,whichbloodtypecanweinferistheLEASTfavoredinJapan?A.TypeA. B.TypeB.C.TypeO.D.TypeAB.30.PrimeMinisterRyuMatsumotoresignedfromofficebecause.A.herevealedhisrival'sbloodtypeB.hewasseenbehavingrudelyonTVC.heblamedhisfailingsonlocalofficialsD.hewasdiscriminatedagainstbecauseofbloodtype31.Whatisthespeaker'sattitudetowardtheblood-typebeliefinJapan?A.Negative. B.Defensive.C.Objective.D.Encouraging.DYou'vemostlikelyheardthenewsbynow:Acar-commuting,desk-bound,TV-watchinglifestylecanbeharmfultoourhealth.Allthetimethatwespendrootedinthechairislinkedtoincreasedrisksofsomanydeadlydiseasesthatexpertshavenamedthismodern-dayhealthepidemicthe“sittingdisease".Sittingfortoolongslowsdownthebody'smetabolism(新陈代谢)andthewayenzymes(酶)breakdownourfatreserves,raisingbothbloodsugarlevelsandbloodpressure.Smallamountsofregularactivity,evenjuststandingandmovingaround,throughoutthedayisenoughtobringtheincreasedlevelsbackdown.Andthosesmallamountsofactivityaddup-30minutesoflightactivityintwoorthree-minuteburstscanbejustaseffectiveasahalf-hourblockofexercise.Butwithoutthatactivity,bloodsugarlevelsandbloodpressurekeepcreepingup,steadilydamagingtheinsideofthearteries(动脉)andincreasingtheriskofdiabetes,heartdisease,stroke,andotherseriousdiseases.Inessence,fundamentalchangesinbiologyoccurifyousitfortoolong.Butwait,you'rearunner.Youneedn'tworryabouttheharmofasedentarylifestylebecauseyouexerciseregularly,right?Well,notsofast.Recentstudiesshowthatpeoplespendanaverageof64hoursaweeksitting,whetherornottheyexercise150minutesaweekasrecommendedbyWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).Regularexercisers,furthermore,arefoundtobeabout30percentlessactiveondayswhentheyexercise.Overall,mostpeoplesimplyaren'texercisingormovingaroundenoughtocounteractalltheharmthatcanresultfromsittingninehoursormoreaday.Scaredstraightoutofyourchair?Good.Theremedyisassimpleasstandingupandtakingactivitybreaks.32.Whatisthebestwaytobringdownhighbloodsugarlevelandbloodpressure?A.Exercisingfor150minutesormoreeveryweek.B.GettingridofthehabitofcarcommutingandTVwatching.C.Interruptingsittingtimewithlightactivityasoftenaspossible.D.Standingormovingaroundforatleasttwoorthreeminuteseveryday.33.Whatdoestheword“sedentary”inthethirdparagraphmostlikelymeant?A.Modern. B.Risky.C.Inactive.D.Epidemic.34.Whichofthefollowingmaybeinferredaboutthosewhodoseriousexercise?A.TheyusuallydonotmeetthestandardofexerciserecommendedbyWHO.B.Theygenerallyspendlesstimesittingthanthosewhoareinactive.C.Theyoftenlivelongerthanthosewhodon'texercise.D.Theytendtostandormovearoundlessontheirwork-outdays.35.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thechallengesofthemodernlifestyle.B.Thereasonsforthespreadofamodernepidemic.C.Theeffectofregularexerciseonourbody.D.Thethreattoourhealthfromlonghoursofsitting.第二节：（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Fromthedawnofcivilization,paperrecordshavebeenamethodofkeepingtrackofimportantandnecessarydocumentation.Acommonexperiencethroughouttheworld'srecordkeepinghasbeenthenecessitytoensurethatalldocumentsarekepttogether,andnonearelost.__36__Theseincludedtyingribbonsthroughthepaper,andmeltingwaxtosecurethepapersinplace.Fornearly600years,thesewerethemethodsusedtosecurepapers.__37__In1835,amachinethatcouldmass-producestraightpinswasinventedbyHoweJ.I,anAmericaninventor.Althoughstraightpins(大头针)wereoriginallydesignedforsewingandtailoring,peoplebeganusingthemasaquickandeasywaytosecurepapers.__38__In1899hepatentedthedevice,whichconsistedofawirebentintoaparticularlyshapedhoopforthepurposeofsecuringpapers.Duringthistime,however,thepaperclip(回形针)wasnotawidelydistributeddevice.Therefore,theGemManufacturingCompanyofEnglanddevelopedamachinetomanufactureandstandardizethepaperclipdesign.__39__Todaythepaperclipisafamousinventionusedthroughoutoffices,schoolrooms,andbusinessthroughouttheworld.__40__A.Thenextpaperinventionwasthatofthestraightpin.B.Beforethepaperclip,peoplehadtobecreativetokeeppapertogether.C.Thehumbleitemonlycameintopopularusagearoundthemid-19thcentury.D.Later,inspiredbythestraightpin,NorwegianVaalerJ.cameupwiththeideaofthefirstpaperclip.E.Thismanufacturingdevelopmentallowedfortheexpansionofthemodernpaperclipworldwide.F.Beingawonderofsimplicityandfunction,thepaperclipremainsastandardofficesupplythroughouttheworldG.Therefore,fromtheearly13thcenturypeoplehadcreatedvariousmethodstoensuredocumentswerekepttogether.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。Weliveinaworldincreasinglydominatedbyscience.Sinceelementaryschool,Ihavealways__41__subjectslikescienceandmath.Tome,thesesubjects,fullofdiscoveriesand__42__,seemtoplaymoresignificantroleinhumanprogressthanhumanities.AndIalways__43__thoughtofthesesubjectsasmoresolidandseriousthanclasseslikeEnglish.Iftherewasnoright__44__Ithought,whybother?ButrecentlyIhadan__45__thattaughtmemyacademicinterestsaremoreflexiblethanIhadthought:Itookmyfirstphilosophyclass.BeforeIenteredtheclassroom,Iwas__46__.Iwaitedoutsidewiththeotherstudentsandwonderedwhatexactlyphilosophywouldinvolve.Iimaginedgettingintoprettylongandboringconversations__47__intendedtoreflectonthemeaningoflife.ButwhatIgotwassomethingquite__48__.Ayoungmaninjeans,Mr.Jones—“butyoucancallmeRob”—wasfarfromthewhite-haired,buttoned-upoldmanIhad__49__.Ratherthanpullingusintodullargumentsaboutdifficult-to-understandphilosophicalpoints,Rob__50__usonourlevel.Totalkfreewill,welookedatourown__51__.Totalkmorals,welookedatdilemmaswehadfacedourselves.Bytheendofclass,I’ddiscoveredthatquestionswithnorightanswercanturnouttobethemost__52__ones.It__53__methatifIletgoofmy__54__,IcanactuallygetalotoutofthesubjectsIoncethoughtlittleof.Theclasstaughtme-inmorewaysthanone-tolookatthingswitha(n)__55__mind.41.A.chosen B.evaluated C.favored D.avoided42.A.formulas B.puzzles C.challenges D.innovations43.A.automatically B.consciously C.accurately D.impatiently44.A.reason B.answer C.method D.direction45.A.surprise B.experience C.incident D.adventure46.A.hopeful B.confident C.doubtful D.nervous47.A.supposedly B.mistakenly C.naturally D.previously48.A.unique B.common C.different D.strange49.A.mentioned B.encountered C.expected D.missed50.A.engaged B.tested C.persuaded D.invited51.A.choices B.abilities C.obstacles D.doubts52.A.objective B.effective C.encouraging D.appealing53.A.confused B.struck C.warned D.convinced54.A.pride B.concern C.assessment D.prejudice55.A.open B.strong C.sharp D.ready第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheGettyCentersitsonahilltopintheSantaMonicaMountains,__56__(tower)abovethecityofLosAngeles.Themuseumwas__57__(origin)constructedtohousethevastartcollectionbelongingtooiltyooonJ.PaulGetty.Today,themodernistcomplex__58__(stock)withsomanyartworksthattheexhibitarenascanshowjustapartofthematatime,makingtheartisticspecialexhibitionsahighlightofanyvisittotheGetty.TheCenter'saward-winningarchitect,RichardMeier,did__59__outstandingjobofcreatingapublicspacethathassurprisedmanyvisitors.VisitorsgototheGettythinkingtheyarevisitingamuseumwithworksofartontheinside.__60__theydiscoverinsteadisaworkofartwithamuseuminside.Meiertooksomebasic__61__(material):metal,stoneandglass.Workingwithabillion-dollarbudget,hecombinedthemtocreateaworkofarchitecturethatcanexcitevisitorsasmuchastheartcollectioninside__62__(do).Aroundeverycornerandateveryturn,thereisanewview__63__storeforguests.Andthen,just__64__theythinktheyhaveseenitall,anewfountainorlandscapepopsup.Inadditiontomuseumtours,theGettyalsoprovidesvariousfreeon-sitetours,includingtoursofthegardens.Theseexplorationsareamustforanyone__65__(interest)inlearningmoreaboutMeier'stechniquesandideas.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是李华，你将作为交换生前往新西兰学习三个月并寄宿在Wilson家。为了更好地融入住家，请给Wilson写封邮件，内容包括：1.自我介绍；2.告知到达时间；3.询问住家的兴趣爱好及其他信息。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Whenschoolwasover,thedaywasfadinganditstartedtodrizzle(毛毛雨).Istoodattheschoolgate,withaloadedbackpackonmyshoulders.ItwasFridayagain:aweekendofjoywithunlimitedsleepinghoursanddinnercoursesspeciallymadetomytaste,aweekendathome.Iwavedgoodbyetomyfriendsastheyjumpedintotheirfathers'warmandcomfortablecars.Curiously,thisgaverisetoadisturbingfeelinginme.Itwasnotexactlywhattheycalledjealousy,butsomethinglikedismay(沮丧).IknewallIcouldexpectwasanoldbikeMomwouldridealongon,withthebadly-oiledchaincreaking(嘎吱作响)againstthewheeltoannounceherarrival.EveryFridaywhenMomcametopickmeupfortheweekend,itwasamomentfullofgreatexpectationandgreatunease.Ialwaysfeltmyfaceburningaswerodeourwayinandoutofthenumerouscarsandsawmyfriends'facesstickingoutofthecarwindows.ItwaslikesteppingintoaballroomwithbeautifullydressedladiesandfindingyourselfinasmellyT-shirt.第9页/共24页Totellyouthetruth,Momisquiteaheadacheonceinawhile.Shejustlooksahomelymiddle-agedhousewife.BeingapractitionerofDIY,sheknitsmostofmysweaters,chieflyinoldstyles.Whenevercaughtbysomecuriousclassmatesaskingwhatbrandmysweatersare,I’dforceasmileandreplyinahalfjokingmanner:homemade.Icouldn'trememberwhenIstartedtofindhersuchanembarrassment.Asalittleboy,Ireliedonhersomuch.Shehadbeenworkingathome,cookinginthekitchen,knittingbythelamporridingacrosstowntobuymeabookIbadlyneeded.Ithadalwaysbeenmuchfunridingwithmom.Butjustnowthereseemedtobesomethingstandingbetweenus,somethingthatmadehersostrangetomeandmetoher.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Todaysheshowedupinaraincoat.Momtriedtocovermewiththebackoftheraincoatagainasastormsetin.

浙江省强基联盟2023届高三上学期10月联考英语答案、解析及听力原文听力:1~5BCCAC6~10BCBAC11~15ACABB16~20ABBCA第二部分阅读21~23DCD24~27CBAB28~31ABBA32~35CCDD七选五36~40GADEF第三部分︰语言运用完形填空:41~45CDABB46~50CACCA51～55ADBDA语法填空:56.towering57.originally58.isstocked59.an60.What6l.materials62.does63.in64.when65.Interested阅读理解A【1~3题答案】【答案】1.D2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述了城市花园是社区的宝贵资产。它们为种植可持续粮食提供绿色空间，建立社区凝聚力(凝聚力)，结交新朋友，与地球相连，等等。本文主要介绍了美国4个城市花园。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“TheBaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudents（BUGS）programencouragesstudentstogettheirhandsdirtyandplantvegetablesthroughtheirafter-schoolandsummerprograms.（巴尔的摩城市园艺与学生(BUGS)项目鼓励学生们通过课后和暑期项目亲自动手种植蔬菜。）”可知，BUGS这个项目主要是让学生们课后种植蔬菜。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Theorganizationalsoprovidesjobtrainingtohelpfamiliesescapethecycleofpoverty.（该组织还提供职业培训，帮助家庭摆脱贫困的循环。）”可知，ReVisionUrbanFarm能够帮助人们脱离贫困。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段的第一句“Swale,afloatingfoodforestlocatedonalargeboat,isaninnovativeprojectmeanttoinspirecitizenstorethinktherelationshipbetweenourcitiesandourfood.（Swale第2页/共24页是一个位于一艘大船上的漂浮食物森林，这是一个创新项目，旨在启发市民重新思考我们的城市和食物之间的关系。）”以及“.Foodforestsaresustainablegardensthatincludevegetables,fruit,nuttrees,bushes,herbs,andvines-eachonecomplementingtheotherinasymbiotic（共生的）relationship.”（食物林是可持续发展的花园，包括蔬菜、水果、坚果树、灌木、草本植物和葡萄藤，每一种都以共生关系相互补充）可知，位于纽约的Swale是一个食物森林。故选D项。B【4~7题答案】【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述5岁的珍妮发明了一款帮助小孩子能够得着洗手盆的踏脚凳的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“However,theplasticstep-stoolshehadathomewasunstableandclutteredupthesmallbathroomsharedbyherwholefamily.(然而，她家里的塑料踏脚凳不稳定，把她全家共用的小浴室弄得乱七八糟)”可知，珍妮想要发明踏脚凳的原因是，塑料凳子不稳定，还把她全家共用的小浴室弄得乱七八糟。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Usingmetalhinges(铰链)Jeanieattachedonepieceofthewoodtothefrontofthecabinetdoor,andthesecondpiecetothefirst.(珍妮用金属铰链把一块木头固定在橱柜门的前面，把第二块木头固定在第一块上)”和“Whennotinuse,thehingesallowedthetwopiecesofwoodtofoldbackuptightlyagainstthecabinet,wheretheywereheldinplacebymagnets.(当不使用的时候，铰链允许两块木头紧紧地叠起在柜子上，它们被磁铁固定在合适的位置)”可知，珍妮发明的踏脚凳使用了铰链和磁铁固定。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Jeanieresolvedtoenterthecontestbycreatingastoolthatwouldbeapermanentfixtureinthebathroom,andyetcouldbekeptoutofthewaywhennotinuse.(珍妮决定参加比赛，她设计了一个凳子，这个凳子将永久安装在浴室里，而且在不使用的时候也不会妨碍到别人)”和第二段“Whennotinuse,thehingesallowedthetwopiecesofwoodtofoldbackuptightlyagainstthecabinet,wheretheywereheldinplacebymagnets.(当不使用的时候，铰链允许两块木头紧紧地叠起在柜子上，它们被磁铁固定在合适的位置)”可知，珍妮发明的踏脚凳具有永久和可折叠的特性。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Likemanyotherfive-year-olds,JeanieLowofHouston,Texas,would第3页/共24页useastool(凳子)tohelpherreachthebathroomsink.However,theplasticstep-stoolshehadathomewasunstableandclutteredupthesmallbathroomsharedbyherwholefamily.Afterlearningofaninventioncontestheldbyherschoolthatyear,Jeanieresolvedtoenterthecontestbycreatingastoolthatwouldbeapermanentfixtureinthebathroom,andyetcouldbekeptoutofthewaywhennotinuse.(像其他许多五岁的孩子一样，德克萨斯州休斯顿的珍妮·洛会用一个凳子帮助她够到浴室的水槽。然而，她家里的塑料踏脚凳不稳定，把她全家共用的小浴室弄得乱七八糟。在得知学校那年举办了一场发明比赛后，珍妮决定参加这场比赛，她发明了一种凳子，这种凳子将成为卫生间里的固定装置，而且在不使用的时候也可以不受干扰)”可知，通过珍妮的故事我们可以知道，发明来源于我们的需求。故选B。C【8~11题答案】【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。本文主要介绍血型在日本非常重要，以日本人在血型上的态度。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“InJapan,youarewhatyourbloodtypeis.Aperson’sbloodtypeispopularlybelievedtodecidehis/hercharacterandpersonality.Type-Apeoplearegenerallyconsideredsensitiveperfectionistsandgoodteamplayers,butover-anxious.TypeOsarecuriousandgenerousbutstubborn.TypeABsareartisticbutmysteriousandunpredictable,andtypeBsarecheerfulbuteccentric,individualistic,andselfish.Thoughlackingscientificevidence,thisbeliefiswidelyseeninbooks,magazines,andtelevisionshows.Lastyear,fourofJapan’stop10bestsellerswereabouthowbloodtypedeterminespersonality,throughwhichreadersseemedtobeabletodiscoverthedefinitionoftheirbloodtypeorhavetheirself-imageconfirmed.”（在日本，你就是你的血型。人们普遍认为，一个人的血型决定了他/她的性格和个性。A类人通常被认为是敏感的完美主义者和优秀的团队合作者，但过于焦虑。O型性格好奇心强，慷慨大方，但很固执。AB型是艺术型，但神秘莫测；B型是快乐型，但古怪，个人主义，自私。尽管缺乏科学证据，但这一信念在书籍、杂志和电视节目中广泛存在。去年，日本十大畅销书中有四本是关于血型如何决定个性的，通过这些书，读者似乎能够发现血型的定义，或者确认他们的自我形象）可知，第一段主要讲述日本人认为他们的血型很重要。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thebeliefevenaffectspolitics.OneformerprimeministerconsidereditimportantenoughtorevealinhisofficialprofilethathewasatypeA,whilehisoppositionrivalwastypeBIn2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinoffice,whenabad-temperedencounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.Inhisresignationspeech,he第4页/共24页blamedhisfailingsonthefactthathewasbloodtypeB.”（这种信仰甚至影响政治。一位前首相认为，在其官方简介中透露自己是A型血人足够重要，而他的反对对手是B型血人。2011年，部长松本龙一在任职仅一周后就被迫辞职，当时电视转播了他与地方官员的一次脾气暴躁的遭遇。在辞职演说中，他将自己的失败归咎于自己是B型血）可知，前首相让民众相信自己的对手是B型血，以及松本龙一把自己的失败归咎于是B型血。由此推知，B型血应该是最不被大家喜欢的血型。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“In2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinoffice,whenabad-temperedencounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.”（2011年，一位部长松本龙一在任职仅一周后就被迫辞职，当时电视转播了他与地方官员的一次脾气暴躁的遭遇）可知，松本龙一在任职仅一周后就被迫辞职是因为转播了他的不当行为。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theblood-typecraze,consideredsimplyharmlessfunbysomeJapanese,mayrevealitselfasprejudiceanddiscrimination.Infact,thisseemssocommonthattheJapanesenowhaveatermforit:bura-hara,meaningblood-typeharassment(骚扰).Therearereportsofdiscriminationleadingtochildrenbeingbullied,endingofhappyrela