2020全国卷I卷高考真题二次开发讲义-高三英语二轮复习

高考真题透析！文章读不懂的原因：80%源于生词，10%长难句式，10%文化背景文章读懂：做题技巧才起作用1.文章全解（解析词汇、短语、句式+汉语翻译）2.试题解析（解析正确选项来源，错误选项错误之处），3.文化背囊（本文章涉及的文化背景200300字介绍）4.文章缩写150字左右，提出610个问题，完整句子回答后合成缩写。5.词汇、短语、句式注释标准：高一学生能够读懂真题。一、高考真题全解题源文章词数试题词数题材体裁难度2020全国卷1阅读A21776人与社会：介绍铁路信息应用文★★文章全解TrainInformationAllcustomers(travellingonTransLinkservices)mustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.1Forticketinformation,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.1该句中，travellingonTransLinkservices是现在分词做customers的后置定语，和customers构成主动关系，并对其进行限定修饰。WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.22While译为：尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句，主句部分是therecanbenoguaranteeofconnections.Lostproperty(失物招领)CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.33该句中，动词原形call引导的祈使句做主句，lostonQueenslandRailservices属过去分词短语做后置定语，和名词items构成被动关系，并对其进行限定、修饰。ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated(位于)atRomaStreetstation.PublicholidaysOnpublicholidays,generallyaSundaytimetableoperates.Oncertainmajoreventdays，i.e.AustraliaDay,AnzacDay,sportingandculturaldays,specialadditionalservicesmayoperate.44Oncertainmajoreventdays，i.e.AustraliaDay,AnzacDay,sportingandculturaldays,该部分是介词短语做状语，主句部分是specialadditionalservicesmayoperateChristmasDayservicesoperatetoaChristmasDaytimetable.Beforetravelpleasevisittranslink..auorcallTransLinkon131230anytime.CustomersusingmobilitydevicesManystationshavewheelchairaccessfromthecarparkorentrancetothestationplatforms.Forassistance,pleasecallQueenslandRailon131617.Guardiantrains(outbound)DepartOriginDestinationArrive6:42pmAtlandiVastisityLakes7:37pm7:29pmCentralVastisityLakes8:52pm8:57pmFortitudeValleyVastisityLakes9:52pm11:02pmRomaStreetVastisityLakes12:22aminpossessionof拥有，占有valid

/ˈvælɪd/

adj.有效的；合法的asscheduled如期；按照预定时间guarantee

/ˌɡærənˈtiː/n保证，担保item

/ˈaɪtəm/

n物品belocatedat坐落在access

/ˈækses/n.通道；机会；使用权v.接近，使用列车信息所有乘坐TransLink服务的乘客必须在登机前持有（inpossessionof）有效（valid）机票。有关车票信息，请在当地车站询问或拨打131230。虽然昆士兰铁路公司尽一切努力确保列车按计划（asscheduled）运行，但无法保证(guarantee)列车之间或列车服务与公共汽车服务之间的衔接。失物招领若询问有关昆士兰铁路服务丢失物品(item)事宜，请于工作时间致电131617进行失物招领。位于（belocatedat）罗马街站的失物招领处营业时间为星期一至星期五上午7:30至下午5:00。公共假期公共假日采用周日时间表。在某些重大活动日，如澳大利亚日、澳新军团日、体育和文化日，可提供特别附加服务。圣诞节服务按圣诞节时间表运行，出行前请访问网站translink..au或随时拨打131230。使用移动设备的乘客许多车站设有轮椅通道（access），可以从停车场或入口直达站台。如需帮助，请拨打昆士兰铁路131617。21.Whatwouldyoudotogetticketinformation?A.Call131617. B.Visittranslink.au.C.Askatthelocalstation. D.Checkthetrainschedule.22.Atwhichstationcanyoufindthelostpropertyoffice?A.Altandi. B.RomaStreet. C.VarsityLakes. D.FortitudeValley.23.WhichtrainwouldyoutakeifyougofromCentraltoVarsityLakes?A.6:42pm. B.7:29pm. C.8:57pm. D.11:02pm.21.你怎样得到车票信息？A.致电131617B.访问translink.auC.去当地车站问问D.查查火车时刻表22.你在哪个车站能找到失物招领处？A.Altandi.B.RomaStreet.C.VarsityLakes.D.FortitudeValley.23如果你从Central去VarsityLakes，你会乘哪趟火车？下午6:42下午7:29晚上8:57晚上11:02【答案】21.C22.B23.B【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息。【试题解析】【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中Forticketinformation,pleaseaskyourlocalstationorcall131230.可知查询车票信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打131230。由此可知，你可以询问当地车站或拨打131230来获得车票信息。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Lostproperty部分中ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocatedatRomaStreetstation.可知失物招领处周一至周五早上7:30到下午5:00营业，位于罗马街车站。由此可知，在RomaStreet你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选B。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Guardiantrains部分中信息，可知从起始地Central出发，开往目的地VarsityLakes的火车是下午7:29开车。由此可知，如果你要从Central去往VarsityLakes，你应当乘坐下午7:29的火车。故选B。二．文化背囊昆士兰铁路是澳大利亚最大的铁路公司，拥有一万余名员工，在昆士兰建立、拥有216个站点和6500千米的铁轨。企业使命是提供安全、可靠、准时、物有所值的以客户为中心的铁路服务，为社区带来便利，为各行业提供支持，并且已与昆士兰州的公共交通系统相结合。三、文章缩写阅读文章，用完整句子回答下列问题。WhatallcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofbeforeboarding？WhatQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttodo?Cantherebenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices?(while)WhenshouldonecallLostPropertyon131617foritemslostonQueenslandRailservices?IsthelostpropertyofficeopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pm?whereisitlocated?(and)WhendoesaSundaytimetablegenerallyoperate?whatmayoperateoncertainmajoreventdays,i.e.AustraliaDay,AnzacDay,sportingandculturaldays?WhatservicesoperatetoaChristmasDaytimetable?Whatshouldonedobeforetravel？Domanystationshavewheelchairaccessfromthecarparkorentrancetothestationplatforms？Whatnumbershouldyoucallforassistance？答案：AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated(位于)atRomaStreetstation.Onpublicholidays,generallyaSundaytimetableoperates.Oncertainmajoreventdays,i.e.AustraliaDay,AnzacDay,sportingandculturaldays,specialadditionalservicesmayoperate.ChristmasDayservicesoperatetoaChristmasDaytimetable.Beforetravelpleasevisittranslink..auorcallTransLinkon131230anytime.Manystationshavewheelchairaccessfromthecarparkorentrancetothestationplatforms.Forassistance,pleasecallQueenslandRailon131617.四、连词成句或合并句子。1.beforeboarding/mustbe/travellingonTransLinkservices/inpossessionof/allcustomers/avalidticket（连词成句）______________________________________________________________________________.2.inpossessionofstandingatthegate/theyoungman/acar/is（连词成句）______________________________________________________________________________.3.QueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled.Therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.（合并句子）______________________________________________________________________________.4.

Iadmitthatthereareproblems.Idon'tagreethattheycannotbesolved.（合并句子）______________________________________________________________________________.答案：AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboardingTheyoungmanstandingatthegateisinpossessionofacar.3.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.4.While

Iadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon'tagreethattheycannotbesolved.一、高考真题全解题源文章词数试题词数题材体裁难度2020全国卷1阅读B324151人与社会：重读的意义与好处说明文★★★Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.1There’sawelefamiliaritybutalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.2Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.3Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.41Returningtoabook(you’vereadmanytimes)canfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.该句中,Returningtoabook是动名词做主语；(you’vereadmanytimes)是定语从句，对先行词book进行限定、修饰；句子主干是Returningtoabookcanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.2该句中的that引导同位语从句，对前面的suspicion进行解释、说明。3该句使用了省略和强调的语法现象，使句式灵活多变。peopledochange，省略掉了动词change，使句子更加简洁，避免重复；同时助动词do对谓语动词change进行强调。4that’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative该句子是主系表结构，that是主句的主语，what引导表语从句，并且在表语从句中充当主语。Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.5It’strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.6Butwithreading,it’sallaboutthepresent.It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.7Eachhastopulltheirownweight.5该句中的主干部分是Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheidea；后面是that引导的表语从句，是idea的内容，对idea进行解释、说明。6该句使用了the+比较级，the+比较级的句式，表示越。。。越。。。。7It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader该句中，whatonecontributestothenow做介词about的宾语从句，what在宾语从句中做主语；because引导原因状语从句；It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow是主句。TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringisEmestHemningway’sAMoveableFeast.8Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.9Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.10AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.8该句的主干是ThefirstisEmestHemningway’sAMoveableFeast；whichItaketoreadingeveryspring是非限制性定语从句，指代先行词thefirst。9Publishedin1964,是过去分词做状语，和主句的主语it构成被动关系；it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis是主句。10该句中，Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating是主句；anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime是名词短语和非谓语构成的独立主格结构，在句中做状语。WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaning(Iattachtothem).11ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.12Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.13Butremember,it’syouthathavetogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.1411该句中，while译为尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句；thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs是句子主干；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的gifs;(Iattachtothem)是省略了关系词that或which的定语从句，对先行词meaning进行限定、修饰。12该句中主干部分是主谓宾结构Iimaginethatrereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrency，其中that引导的是谓语动词imagine的宾语从句；whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary是while引导的让步状语从句；areadercanpaythem是省略了关系词that的定语从句，对先行词currency进行限定、修饰。13该句的主干为Thebestbooksaretheones；thatopenfurther是关系词that引导的定语从句，对先行词theones进行限定、修饰；astimepasses是从属连词as引导的时间状语从句。14该句中，it’syouthat。。。是强调句型，对主语you进行强调。familiarity/fəˌmɪliˈærəti/n.熟悉，精通；亲密familiar/fəˈmɪliər/adj.熟悉的；常见的suspicion/səˈspɪʃn/n怀疑；嫌疑；疑心transformative

/trænz'fɔmətɪv/adj

变化的，变形的；有改革能力的transform/trænsˈfɔːrm/vt改变，使…变形；转换liein在于bebasedon以...为基础mentalregister心理状态contributeto有助于，促成pulltheirownweight尽他们自己的本分annually

/ˈænjuəli/

adv.每年；一年一次taketo喜欢；开始从事memoir/ˈmemwɑːr/

回忆录intoxicating

/ɪnˈtɑːksɪkeɪtɪŋ/adj.醉人的；令人陶醉的；使兴奋的lookbackon回顾，回忆ambitious/æmˈbɪʃəs/

adj.野心勃勃的；有雄心的tendtodosth有…的倾向attach..to..

系上或贴上；依附；认为有（重要性等）currency

/ˈkɜːrənsi/

n.货币；通货再次翻开你读过很多遍的书，感觉就像和老友小酌几杯。有一种愉悦的认识感（familiarity）——但有时也会有一丝稍微的怀疑(suspicion)，感觉时间已经改变了人与书，还有彼此的关系。但是书是不会变的，会变的是人。这就是重读行为如此有趣多彩并有变革(transformative)意义的原因了。重读的美妙之处在于(liein)某种观念，即以为我们与作品的联系是建立在当前精神状态(mentalregister)的基础(bebasedon)之上的。这是真的，我年龄越大，越感觉时光飞逝。但对于阅读来说，它是关于当下的。它是关于现在以及一个人对现在所起的作用(contributeto)，由于阅读是作者和读者之间的一种交流，每一方都要尽力而为(pulltheirownweight)。有三本书我每年(annually

)都会重读。第一本是海明威的《活动的盛宴》，这是我喜欢(taketo)在每年春天里读的一本书。出版于1964年，这本书是欧内斯特·海明威对他二十世纪20年代在巴黎生活的经典回忆录(memoir)。书中的语言令人沉醉(intoxicating)，这是一位年迈的作家回顾(lookbackon)过去那布满雄心壮志(ambitious)却又简朴的时光。另一本书是安妮·迪拉德的《神圣的坚实》，是她1975年的随笔，用布满诗意的语言描述了万物与虚空。第三本书是胡里奥·科塔萨尔的《挽救黄昏》诗选，（喜欢这本书）由于是诗选，由于是科塔萨尔。尽管我经常(tendto)买许多书，但这三本却是别人送给我的礼物，这一点也许增添了我赋予(attach..to)它们的意义。但我以为，固然金钱确实是奇妙的、必须的，但重读一个作家的作品却是读者能付给作家的最高币值货泉(currency)。最好的书是那些跟着时间的流逝向读者展示更深远内容的书。但要记得，是你要去成长，去阅读，还有重读，从而去更好地理解你的（书籍）朋友们。24.Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?A.Itevaluatesthewriterreaderrelationship.B.It’sawindowtoawholenewworld.C.It’sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.D.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.25.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeas!?A.It’sabriefaccountofatrip.B.It’saboutHemingway’slifeasayoungman.C.It’sarecordofahistoricevent.D.It’saboutHemingway’sfriendsinParis.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂currency＂inparagraph4referto?A.DebtB.Reward.C.Allowance.D.Facevalue.27.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.Helovespoetry.B.He’saneditor.C.He’sveryambitious.D.Heteachesreading.24.为什么作者喜欢重读？A.它评估了作者与读者的关系。B.它是通向一个全新世界的窗口。C.它可以代替和朋友喝酒。D.它扩展了对自己的理解。25.我们对这本书了解多少！？A.这是一次旅行的简介。B.这是关于海明威年轻时的生活。C.这是一个历史事件的记录。D.是关于海明威在巴黎的朋友。26第4段中带下划线的“货币”是指什么？A.债务B.奖励。C.津贴。D.面值。27我们能从课文中推断出关于作者的什么信息？A.他喜欢诗歌。B.他是个编辑。C.他很有野心。D.他教阅读。【答案】24.D25.B26.B27.A【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。【试题解析】【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“Thebeautyofrereadingliesinthatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentregister.Itistrue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.”及“anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出AMovableFeast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。【26题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar’sSaveTwilight:selectedpoems,becausepoetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城:诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。文化背囊1920年代上半叶，海明威以驻欧记者身份旅居巴黎，《流动的盛宴》这本书，记录的正是作者当时的这段生活。不过这本书的写作却是在将近四十年以后，换句话说，盛宴的“现场”早已消失，作者和读者都只是在记忆中追寻那段过往岁月，而无论是作者或是读者，这些记忆都已在时光的透镜里失焦、变形。所有有关巴黎的记忆都杂糅成一种对于巴黎的共同的历史记忆。在历史上不计其数的关于巴黎的虚构或非虚构作品中，《流动的盛宴》是最著名的作品之一，其扉页上的题献——“假如你有幸年轻时在巴黎生活过，那么你此后一生中不论去到哪里她都与你同在，因为巴黎是一席流动的盛宴”，已经成为巴黎的“文化名片”，被广为传诵。在这部半纪实半虚构的作品中，二十年代巴黎文人圈的风俗画卷徐徐展开，那些当时在世界文坛、艺坛上呼风唤雨的人物都被寥寥数笔勾勒出生动的素描像，与这座城市、这部书永远融为一体。三、文章缩写阅读文章，用完整句子回答下列问题。Whatcanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend?Wheredoesthebeautyofrereadinglie？Whyisitaboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow？AretherethreebooksIrereadannually?IsthefirstEmestHemningway’sAMoveableFeast?Publishedin1964,isithisclassicmemoirof1920sParis?IsanotherAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm？Whatisthethirdbook?WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,whatweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem?Whatarethebestbooks?Whoisitthathavetogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.答案：Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.ThefirstisEmestHemningway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:selectedpoems.WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.It’syouthathavetogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.四、句式练习1.iget/wings/theolder/themore/time/Ifeel/has（连词成句）______________________________________________________________________________.2.make/you/themore/shebees/thehappier/money（连词成句）______________________________________________________________________________.3.Youhavetogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.（强调主语）______________________________________________________________________________.4.Hisdeterminationtosucceedmadehimcarryon.（强调主语）______________________________________________________________________________.答案：1.TheolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.2.Themoremoneyyoumake,thehappiershebees.3.It’syouthathavetogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.4.Itishisdeterminationtosucceedthatmadehimcarryon.一、高考真题全解题源文章词数试题词数题材体裁难度2020全国卷1阅读C321132人与社会：竞走的好处说明文★★★★文章全解Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.1Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.21该句中，while后面省略了主语和谓语itis.2助动词does对谓语动词进行强调。Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.3Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.4It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.53which引导非限制性定语从句，指代the50kilometerracewalk。4该句中that引导宾语从句，充当谓语动词require的宾语。5该句为It’s+。。。+that引导的强调句型，强调句子的主语；anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass做JaclynNorberg的同位语，对其进行解释说明。Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkers(movingatapaceofsixmilesperhour)wouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.66该句的主干是racewalkerswouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour；(movingatapaceofsixmilesperhour),做racewalkers的后置定语，现在分词moving和racewalkers构成主动关系；第一个which引导的非限制性定语从句，指代前面的先行词800calaries；第一个which引导的非限制性定语从句，指代前面的先行词800calaries；第二个which引导的非限制性定语从句，指代前面的先行词running.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.77while此处是并列连词，表示对比；whodonotleavetheground是非限制性定语从句，先行词是racewalkers.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areunmonamongracewalkers.8Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.9Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.10Ittakessomepractice.8该句的主干部分是someoftheinjuriesareunmonamongracewalkers；associatedwithrunning是过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰racewalkers.9该句中，so为并列连词，前后两句是因果关系；第一个分句中的助动词does强调谓语动词place。10该句的主干部分是anyoneshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique；wishingtotryracewalking是现在分词做后置定语，修饰anyone。athlete

/ˈæθliːt/

n.运动员trackandfield田径；田径赛marathon

/ˈmærəθɑːn/

n.马拉松赛跑require

/rɪˈkwaɪər/

vt.需要；要求knee/niː/

n.膝盖，膝swing

/swɪŋ/

n.摇摆incontactwith接触；与…有联系demanding/dɪˈmændɪŋ/

adj.苛刻的calculation/ˌkælkjuˈleɪʃn/

n.计算；估计atapaceof以…的速度approximately

/əˈprɑːksɪmətli/

adv.大约，近似地pound/paʊnd/

vt重击n.英镑associatedwith与…有关系；与…相联系calory

/ˈkæləri/

卡路里placestresson强调considerable

/kənˈsɪdərəbl/adj.相当大的；重要的，值得考虑的ankle

/ˈæŋkl/

n.踝关节，踝hip

/hɪp/

臀部injury

/ˈɪndʒəri/n.伤害，损害；受伤处cautious

/ˈkɔːʃəs/

adj.谨慎的；十分小心的adopt/əˈdɑːpt/

vt.采纳；收养consult

/kənˈsʌlt/vt.查阅；商量；向…请教coach

/koʊtʃ/

n教练；旅客车厢experienced/ɪkˈspɪriənst/adj.老练的，熟练的；富有经验的proper

/ˈprɑːpər/

adj.适当的technique

/tekˈniːk/n.技巧，技术；手法研究表明，竞走与跑步有许多健身益处，但竞走最有可能造成更少的伤害。然而，它确实有自己的问题。竞走运动员(athlete)是有条件限制的。夏季奥运会最长的田径(trackandfield)项目是50公里竞走，比马拉松(marathon)长约5英里。但是这项运动的规则要求(require)竞走者在摆动(swing)腿的同时保持膝盖(knee)笔直，一只脚始终与地面保持接触(incontactwith)。马萨诸塞州塞勒姆市塞勒姆州立大学运动科学助理教授杰克琳·诺伯格说，正是这种奇怪的形式使得竞走成为一项如此吸引人的活动。她说，和跑步一样，竞走对身体的要求也很高(demanding)。根据大多数计算(calculation)，以每小时6英里的速度(atapaceof)行走的竞走者每小时会燃烧大约800卡路里，这大约(approximately)是他们步行消耗热量的两倍，尽管比跑步要少，跑步每小时可能会燃烧大约1000或更多卡路里（calory

）。然而，诺伯格博士说，竞走对身体的冲击(pound)没有跑步大。根据她的研究，跑步者每踏一步的重量是他们体重的四倍，而不离开地面的竞走者每踏一步的重量只有他们体重的1.4倍。因此，她说，一些与跑步有关（associatedwith）的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖受损，这在竞走者中并不常见。但这项运动的奇怪形式确实对脚踝（ankle）和臀部（hip）造成了相当大（considerable）的压力（placestresson），因此有过此类损伤（injury）史的人在采用（adopt）这项运动时可能会谨慎（cautious）。她说，事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该先咨询（consult）教练（coach）或有经验（experienced）的竞走者，学习正确(proper)的技巧(technique)。这需要一些练习。28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It’smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It’slesschallengingphysically.C.It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It’slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.30.WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts’opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A.SkepticalB.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.28.为什么竞走运动员是有条件限制的？A.他们必须长途跋涉。B.他们有资格参加马拉松比赛。C.他们必须遵守特殊的规则。D.他们擅长摆动双腿。29.竞走比跑步有什么好处？A.在奥运会上更受欢迎。B.身体上的挑战性更小。C.它在健身方面更有效。D.它不太可能导致膝盖受伤。30.诺伯格博士对尝试竞走的人有什么建议？A.听取专家意见。B.做体检。C.雇佣一个有经验的教练。D.经常做运动。31哪个词最能描述作者对竞走的态度？A.怀疑的B.客观的C.宽容的D.保守的【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。【试题解析】【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontactwiththegroundatalltimes.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areunmonamongracewalkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。30题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr.Norberg说的话“Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr.Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。二．文化背囊竞走(RaceWalking)，是从日常行走的基础上发展出来的运动，规则规定支撑腿必须伸直，从单脚支撑过渡到双脚支撑，在摆动腿的脚跟接触地面前，后蹬腿的脚尖不得离开地面，以确保没有出现"腾空"的现象，而这也是竞走与跑步的主要分别。普通走步的速度，每小时约五公里左右，而竞走的速度则快得多。竞走比赛最先出现于1775年至1800年间的英国，男子竞走于1908年伦敦奥运会正式成为比赛项目;女子竞走比赛始于1932年的捷克，直至1992年的奥运会，女子10千米竞走才正式成为比赛项目。竞走对人有很多好处。一，不容易受伤，剧烈运动的过程中，对肾，骨盆及脊柱都有一定影响。而静走只不过如加快步的走路，有力的摆动双臂就行了，所以简便易行，又不易发生意外，成为不受伤的运动。二，减肥的理想运动，竞走时，腿的前后肌肉都会得到充分的锻炼和加强，全身肌肉几乎都要进行活动，比平常普通走路消耗十倍以上的脂肪，比长跑消耗的热量还要多，是理想的减肥运动。三，适合多种人群竞走，没有年龄，性别，体力等方面的限制，它可以从慢速开始逐渐加速加量，比散步有效，比慢跑安全，又弥补了定时，定地的锻炼模式带来的不便，对中老年和体弱的人来说都是较适宜的。三、文章缩写阅读文章，用完整句子回答下列问题。Doesracewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries?Whoareconditionedathletes?Whatrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes?Whatisitthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity?Likerunning,whatisphysicallydemanding?Doesracewalkingpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes?(however)Whohitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep？Doracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep?（while）Whatareunmonamongracewalkers？（asaresult）Whymightpeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjurieswanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport?（so）Infact,whoshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique?答案：Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.Thesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes.Runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areunmonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique.四、连词成句或合并句子。1.suchanattractiveactivity/thisstrangeform/it’s/makes/that/racewalking（连词成句）______________________________________________________________________________.2brought/it/them/love/was/that/together.（连词成句）______________________________________________________________________________.3.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips.Peoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.（合并句子）______________________________________________________________________________.4.

Thedoorwaslocked.Wecouldn’tgetin.

（合并句子）______________________________________________________________________________.答案：1.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity.2.Itwaslovethatbroughtthemtogether.3.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.4.Thedoorwaslocked,sowecouldn’tgetin.

一、高考真题全解题源文章词数试题词数题材体裁难度2020全国卷1阅读D341159人与自然：发光植物说明文★★★★★文章全解Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.1Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.21该句的主干部分为Astudydiscoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime；conductedinYoungstown，Ohio做study的后置定语；thatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime是that引导的宾语从中，做谓语动词discovered的宾语。2该句的主句部分为Inanot