广中医研究生英语考试

一、中医翻译20分a.英译汉〔绿本，7unit，PPT、注释、练习、长难句〕Uint1PPT:Pa1:原句：It’sbasedontheholisticconceptoftheuniverseoutlinedinthespiritualinsightsofDaoism.It’sbasedontheholisticconceptoftheuniverse.它建立在宇宙整体观的根底上。ThisholisticconceptisoutlinedinthespiritualinsightsofDaoism.该整体观在道家精神内涵里有描述道家精神内涵对此整体观作了描述/解释这种理解建立在道家精神内涵里面描述的宇宙整体观根底上。。。It’sbasedontheholisticconceptoftheuniverseoutlinedinthespiritualinsightsofDaoism,andithasproducedahighlysophisticatedsetofpracticesdesignedtocureillnessandtomaintainhealthandwell-being.译文：它基于到家精神内涵解释宇宙的整体观念，并且衍生出一套高度成熟的治疗疾病及保健的方法。Pa2:原句：Althoughtheyappearverydifferentinapproach,Theyallsharethesameunderlyingsetsofassumptionsaboutthenatureofthehumanbodyanditsplaceintheuniverse.Althoughtheyappearverydifferentinapproach尽管方法看似各不相同Theyallsharethesameunderlyingsetsofassumptions他们有相同的根本认识Assumptionsabout...对……的认识他们对……的根本认识是相同的。译文：尽管这些方法看上去各不相同，但他们对人体本质以及它与自然界关系的认识是相同的。Pa3:原句：ThelasttwentyyearsorsohaveseenadramaticincreaseinthepopularityofawholerangeoftherapiesthathavetheiroriginswelloutsidetheacceptedboundariesofWesternscientificthought.Thelasttwentyyearshaveseenadramaticincreaseinthepopularityoftherapies.Thesetherapieshavetheirorigins.TheseoriginsarewelloutsidetheacceptedboundariesofWesternscientificthought.这些治疗方法的起源同西方科学认可的思想相距甚远Pa4/5/6Bearingnoobviousrelationshipto……无明显关系inallcase不管怎样，无论如何aerobicexercise有氧运动intermsof根据symptomaticrelief病症缓解原句：Yet,inallcase,theproofisthereintermsofsymptomaticreliefandimprovedhealthandwell-being.theproofisthereintermsofsymptomaticreliefandimprovedhealthandwellbeing...thereistheproofinsymptomaticreliefandimprovedhealthandwell-being然而，在所有的病例里，证据是病症的缓解，健康状况的改善。译文：然而，所有的病例说明，病症得到缓解，健康状况得以改善。Pa7:原句：Analyticalspecificityisemphasized,andholism—theviewthatapproachesthepersonasa“whole〞being,comprisingbody,mindandspirit—isunderplayed.Analyticalspecificityisemphasized,andholismisunderplayed.强调了局部的分析性，整体性却被忽略了。..theviewthatapproachesthepersonasa“whole〞being,comprisingbody,mindandspirit.这种观念将人体视为一个由身体，思维，精神组成的整体Pa8：原句：Thediagnosiswillplacethesignsandsymptomsintoaninterdependenttapestrywherephysicalsymptoms,emotionalreactions,andspiritualbeliefsaresetalongsidesocialandenvironmentalfactorsinordertounderstandhowtheenergydynamicsoftheindividualleadtohealthordisharmony.inordertounderstandhowtheenergydynamicsoftheindividualleadtohealthordisharmony.为了理解个人气机能〔如何〕导致健康与疾病thediagnosiswillplacethesignsandsymptomsintoaninterdependenttapestry中医诊断把病症置于一个相互依存的整体下分析inthetapestryphysicalsymptoms,emotionalreactionsandspiritualbeliefsaresetalongsidesocialandenvironmentalfactors.这是种精神、情绪同社会、环境相依存的整体中医诊断把病症归结为精神、情绪同社会、环境综合作用的结果。为了解释人体气机能导致健康或疾病，中医诊断学将临床病症归因为机体情绪及精神同社会、环境因素综合作用的结果。Pa10：原句：Indeed,tounderstandtheseprinciplesandtoapplythemindailylifeisasmuchapartoftheChinesesystemofhealthasarethetreatmentspecialismsappliedtounderstandtheseprinciplesandtoapplythemindailylifeisapartoftheChinesesystemofhealth...thetreatmentspecialismsappliedarealsoapartoftheChinesesystemofhealth注释：1.〔看Pa1〕It’sbasedontheholisticconceptoftheuniverseoutlinedinthespiritualinsightsofDaoism,andithasproducedahighlysophisticatedsetofpracticesdesignedtocureillnessandtomaintainhealthandwell-being.2.〔看Pa2〕Althoughtheyappearverydifferentinapproach,Theyallsharethesameunderlyingsetsofassumptionsaboutthenatureofthehumanbodyanditsplaceintheuniverse.句中underlyingsetsofassumptions意为“根本观念〞。3.〔看Pa4/5/6〕Yet,inallcase,theproofisthereintermsofsymptomaticreliefandimprovedhealthandwell-being.4.〔看Pa7〕Analyticalspecificityisemphasized,andholism—theviewthatapproachesthepersonasa“whole〞being,comprisingbody,mindandspirit—isunderplayed.5.Ashumanbeingsweexistasanintegralpartofanenergetic—energy-filled—universe.Withinthisuniverseourmind,body,andspiritaremerelydifferentmanifestationsofthesamelifeforceandconsequentlycannotbeconsideredseparately.人类是充满能量的宇宙的组成局部，我们的心智、集体和精神不过是同一生命活动的不同表现形式，自然不能分别看待。6.(看Pa8)Thediagnosiswillplacethesignsandsymptomsintoaninterdependenttapestrywherephysicalsymptoms,emotionalreactions,andspiritualbeliefsaresetalongsidesocialandenvironmentalfactorsinordertounderstandhowtheenergydynamicsoftheindividualleadtohealthordisharmony.练习：thenatureofhumanbodyanditsplaceintheuniverse人体本质及它与自然界的关系symptomaticrelief病症的缓解/缓解病症anintegralpartofanenergeticuniverse是充满能量的宇宙的组成局部welloutsidetheacceptedboundariesofWesternscientificthought同西方科学认可的思想相距甚远Uint2PPT:Pa1:Onecanseeminglyunderstanditonarationallevel,andyet,continuallyfindnewexpressionsofitinclinicalpracticeand,indeed,inlife.在理论层面上，我们似乎不难理解这一概念，然而在临床实践与生活中我们会不断发现其新的内涵。Pa2:Moreover,yincontainstheseedofyangandviceversa...阴可生阳，阳可生阴……viceverse—反之亦然Pa4:原句：TheimplicationsofthisapparentlystraightforwardobservationleadusinadirectionquiteatoddswiththeAristotelianlogicthatunderpinsWesternscientificthought.TheimplicationsofthisobservationleadusatoddswiththeAristotelianlogic.这种观察所具含义有别于亚里士多德逻辑学。这种明显的直接的观察〔认识〕所具含义完全有别于作为西方科学思想根底的亚里士多德逻辑学。Pa5:原句：It’simportanttounderstandtheconceptthatyinandyangareessentiallydescriptorsofthedynamicinteractionsthatunderpinallaspectsoftheuniverse.It’simportanttounderstandtheconcept.YinandYangaredescriptorsofthedynamicinteractions.Thedynamicinteractionsunderpinallaspectsoftheuniverse.最重要的是懂得阴阳只是对自然界万物的能动作用的描述。Pa8:Intheoryallyinandyangcanbeinfinitelysubdividedintoaspectsthatarethemselvesyinandyang.理论上，阴阳可以无限细分注释：1.〔看Pa1〕Theconceptofyin-yangisextremelysimple,yetveryprofound.Onecanseeminglyunderstanditonarationallevel,andyet,continuallyfindnewexpressionsofitinclinicalpracticeand,indeed,inlife.阴阳的概念既简单又深奥。2.〔看Pa4〕TheimplicationsofthisapparentlystraightforwardobservationleadusinadirectionquiteatoddswiththeAristotelianlogicthatunderpinsWesternscientificthought.3.Steamandicecanbeseenintermsofwatermoleculesthatthemselveshaveyinparticlesinrelationtoyangparticles.水蒸气和冰都有水分子，而水分子同时含有阴粒子和阳粒子。4.Iftheyinandyangaspectsarepreventedfromachievingbalancethroughthismutualtransformationprocess,theconsequencesmaybecatastrophicsince,ultimately,balancewillforciblybeachieved.如果阴阳的相互转化受阻，失去平衡，那么会造成不好的后果。最终的结果是平衡会被强制恢复。5.Theprincipleoftreatmentwillbetoallowthetransformationoftheexcessyangintoyininordertoreestablishastateofequilibriumandalsoofbiologyhomeostasis.其治疗原那么便是化阳为阴，以求恢复人体的动态平衡。练习：1.oppositionofcontraries矛盾的对立2.fromtheChineseperspectiveofyinandyang从中国的阴阳观念出发3.furtheraspectsofyinandyang阴阳的进一步分化(成的各方面)4.inrelationtothelowerpartofthefront相对于前面的下部5.imbalanceofyinandyang阴阳失调Uint3PPT:未有summer版，只有代课老师的PPT，都是汉译英营气construction(nutrient)qi营血construction-blood血虚bloodvacuity血淤bloodstasis血热bloodheat失眠insomnia脉细afinepulse眼花floweryvision血液的凝滞congealingandstagnationoftheblood血寒bloodcold脉细涩afineorroughpulse刺痛stabbingpain热邪heattoxin数脉arapidpulse胃液stomachjuices同一事物asingleentity突出其特性highlightspecificcharacteristics相对清稀relativelythin体表thesurfaceoftheflesh滋润肌肉阴液yinhumor温煦和活化作用warmingandactivatingfunction离经之血extravasatedblood绛舌acrimsontongue水之上源uppersourceofwater气为血之帅qiisthecommanderoftheblood血液行于脉管之中，是一种富含营养的红色液体物质。Blood,circulatinginthevessels,isaredliquidsubstancerichinnutrients.血源于脾胃化生的水谷精微，具有营养和滋润全身的功能。Bloodoriginatesfromcerealessencetransformedbythespleenandstomach,andhasthefunctionsofnourishingandmoisteningthewholebody.正常的血液循行来自于心、肺、脾和肝的共同作用。Normalbloodcirculationcomesofthejointactionoftheheart,thelung,thespleenandtheliver.健全的精神活动来自于正常的血液循行及充足的血液供给。Soundmentalactivityresultsfromnormalcirculationandasufficientsupplyofblood.津与液总是相提并论，因为一方面，它们都来源于脾胃化生的水谷精微；另一方面是由于它们可以互相转化。Jinandyearealwaysmentionedinthesamebreathbecauseofthefactthat,foronething,bothofthemderivefromfoodandwatertransportedandtransformedbythespleenandstomach,andforanother,theycantransformintoeachother.尽管气、血、津液的性状及其功能各不相同，但它们却有许多共同之处。三者均为构成人体和维持人体生命活动的根本物质。它们均来自水谷精气。在生理上，它们相互依存、相互制约、相互为用；在病理上，它们相互影响，互为因果。Despitetheirdifferencesinnature,formandfunction,qi,bloodandbodyfluidhavesomethingincommonwitheachother.Theyarethebasicmaterialsthatconstitutethehumanbodyandmaintainlifeactivities;theyallderivefromcerealessence;they,physiologically,dependoneachotherforexistenceandrestrainandutilizeeachother;they,pathologically,actuponeachotherandhavecausalitybetweenthem.血和津液都是液体，而且它们都有滋养功能。津液进入脉中就会成为血液的重要组成局部。因为血和津液都源于水谷津液，因此被称为“津血同源〞。Bloodandbodyfluidareliquidsand,what‘smore,theybothperformthenourishingandmoisteningfunctions.Bodyfluidwillbecomeanimportantcomponentofbloodwheninfiltratingintothebloodvessels.Asbloodandbodyfluidoriginatefromtheessenceoffoodandwater,theyareknownas“bodyfluidandbloodarederivedfromacommonsource.〞注释：TheMagicPivot(Lingshu,Jueqipian)states:“Themiddlejiaotakesinqi,extractsitsessence,andturnsitintoredsubstancethatisblood.〞《灵枢决其篇》曰：“中焦受气，取汁，变化而为赤，是谓血。〞Fromtheqithatthemiddlejiaotakesin,itproduceswasteanddistillsfluidfromwhichitextractstheessence.Thisthenflowsintothelungchannelwhereitistransformedintobloodwhichfurnishestheneedsofthebody.Itspreciousnessisunexcelledbyanything.Itflowsthroughthebloodvesselsandisknownasconstructionqi.中焦之所受气者，泌糟粕，蒸津液，化其精微，上行于肺脉，乃化而为血，以奉生身，莫贵于此，故独得行于经隧，命曰营气。TheCanonofDifficultIssues(Nanjing).《难经》。bloodgovernsnutrition血主濡之TheElementaryQuestion(Suwen)《素问》Theliverreceivesblood,sothereissight;thelegsreceivebloodandthusareabletowalk;thehandsreceivebloodandsoareabletogrip;thefingersreceivebloodandthenareabletograsp.肝得血而能视，足受血而能步，掌受血而能握，指受血而能摄。Qiinvigoratesandbloodnourishes.气主煦之，血主濡之。Fluidstakeinenterthestomach.Here,theyarechurnedandtheiressentialqiisstraineroff.Thisisthencarriedtothespleenandfurtherdistributedbyspleenqi.Itpassesuptothelungwhichensuresregularflowthroughthewaterwaysdowntothebladder.Inthisway,wateressenceisdistributedtothefourparts,bypassingthroughthefivechannels.饮入于胃，游溢精气，上输于脾，脾气散精，上归于肺，通调水道，下输膀胱，水精四布，五经并行。movesthefluidsofthestomach为胃行其津液TheMagicPivot(Lingshu,Jingmaipian)comments:〞Thesmallintestinegovernshumor,〞and“thelargeintestinegovernsliquid.〞《灵枢经脉篇》有云：“小肠主液，大肠主津。〞TheElementaryQuestion(Suwen,Linglanmidianlun)states:〞Thetripejiaoholdstheofficeofthesluices;itmanifestsasthewaterways.〞《素问灵兰秘典论》曰：“三焦者，决渎之官，水道出焉。〞练习：1.Theliverstorestheblood肝藏血2.Thespleenmanagestheblood脾统血3.Bloodgovernsnutrition血主濡之4.bloodheat血热5.Bloodisthemotherofqi血为气之母6.bloodstasis血瘀Uint4PPT:Pa1:原句：Aswillsoonbecomeapparent,anyoneassumingthattreatmentswhichareregardedbytheChineseasbeneficialtotheliverwillautomaticallybeusefulagainstWestern-definedhepaticdisorders,willprobablyupsetatthelackofsuccess.TreatmentsareregardedbytheChineseasbeneficialtotheliver.中医认为有利于治疗肝病的方法ThosetreatmentswillautomaticallybeusefulagainstWestern-definedhepaticdisorders.这些方法自然被认为对于西医所谓的肝病有好处Anyoneassumingtheabovewillbecomeconfusedandprobablyupsetatthelackofsuccess.有些人认为以上观点一定成立，但当其失效时，往往会变得不知所措、忐忑不安。有些人认为中医治疗肝病的方法理所当然对治疗西医所谓的肝病有好处。但是，当预期的疗效未能很快到达时，他们往往变得不知所措、忐忑不安。Pa2:原句：...theydonotrefertothespecifictissue,butrathertosemi-abstractconceptswhicharecomplexesofcloselyinterrelatedfunctionstheydonotrefertothespecifictissue,butrather(theyrefer)tosemi-abstractconcepts...他们指的不是具体的脏器，而是一种半抽象的概念Thoseconceptsarecomplexesofcloselyinterrelatedfunctions.此概念指的是功能内在相关的综合体Pa3:...onthebasisofonetoonecorrespondence.一一对应Thedescriptionofproblemsinoramongtheorgansisthebasisforunderstandingdiseases.对脏腑内部及各脏腑之间的病理描述是理解疾病的根底。Pa4:Theyinorgansaresaidto“storeandnotdrain〞,meaningthattheirfunctionsaredirectedtowardsustaininghomeostasis,bothphysicallyandmentally.阴脏“藏而不泻〞，意为其功能主要是维持身体内物质和精神的动态平衡。Eachyangorganisassociatedwithayinorganbyaspecialyin/yangrelationship.阴脏和阳腑可按照其阴阳对应关系结成对子。Pairsofyinandyangorganssolinkedbelongtothesamephase,theirchannelsaresequentialtoeachotherinthecirculationofqi,theirfunctionsarecloselylinked,anddiseaseinoneusuallyaffectstheother.在气的运行中它们的经络位置互为表里Pa5:...thepatternsofdisease,apattern证ThisisanexampleoftheabstractinChinesemedicine,inthatthesignsandsymptomsofadiseasearegroupedinto“emblems〞whichrepresentthestateofthehealthofthepatientasawhole.疾病的病症和体征集合成症候，“象征〞了病人的整体健康状况，这是中医抽象化的又一个表达。Pa7:原句：…aWestern-defineddiseasemayhavemorethanonecorrespondingChinesepattern，oroneChinesepatternmayappearunderdifferentWestern-defineddiseaseheadingsshouldcomeasnosurpriseaWestern-defineddiseasemayhavemorethanonecorrespondingChinesepattern...某种西医所谓的疾病在中医里可能对应几种病症...oroneChinesepatternmayappearunderdifferentWestern-defineddiseaseheadings...或者，中医的某种病症可能出现在不同的西医疾病定义里〔标题下〕...theabovefactshouldcomeasnosurprise...出现以上这种情况缺乏以为怪注释：(看Pa1).actuallyalthoughbothcontainelementsoftruth,itisbesttocometogripswiththeChineseconceptoftheorgansonitsownterms.实际上，这两种说法都有点道理，但是我们最好还是用中医特有的术语来阐释脏腑这一中医概念。inacupuncture,thechannelcorrespondingtotheyangorganisoftenusedtotreatdisordersofitsyinorgans.在针刺疗法中，六腑经络穴位常用于治疗五脏疾病。theactivepurposeofChinesemedicineisto“discernpatternsandinstitutetreatments〞.中医旨在“辨证论治〞。thesensesofdoctorsandpatientsareusedtogarnerinformation,whichthedoctorcansynthesizeintoatotalpictureofhowthepatientisoperatingatthattime.医生先对自己和病人感知的信息加以综合分析，再勾画出当时病体得到总体运转情况。练习：theconceptoftheorgansinCM中医脏腑概念tocometogripswiththeChineseconceptoftheorgansinitsownterms用中医特用的术语描述中医脏腑的概念onthebasisofonetoonecorrespondences在一一对应的根底之上Todiscernpatternsandinstitutetreatments辨证论治tocomeasnosurprise缺乏为怪atotalpictureofhowthepatientisoperatingatthattime当时病体的总体运转情况Uint5PPT:雷同练习，注释；局部我觉得有用的课文Protectiveqi卫气fearofcold恶寒dislikeofwind恶风Joy,anger,sadnessandgrief,pensiveness,fear,andfright喜，怒，悲，思，恐，惊Losecontrolofurination尿失禁chestcongestion胸闷abittertasteinthemouth口苦注释：Thesixperniciousinfluencesaretheenvironmentalfactorsthatplayapartindisease.Theyincludesixclimaticphenomena—wind,cold,fireofheat,dampness,dryness,andsummer-heat—andarealsocalledthesixevils(liuxie).六淫，又名六邪，是对风、寒、火〔热〕、湿、燥、暑六种因气候变化导致疾病产生的外感病邪的统称。Thus,theqimovestheblood,butalsoholdsitinplace;theheartstoresshen(spirit)andalsomovesblood;thespleenrulesascending,thestomachrulesdescending;theliverrulesspreadingandthekidneyrulesstorage;thelungrulesthecirculatinganddescendingofqi;thekidneygovernsthegraspingofqi.因此，气能生血，又能摄血；心藏神，心行血；脾主升清，胃主降浊；肝主疏泄；肾藏精；肺司呼吸，主肃降；肾主纳气。TheNeijingstatesthat“excessjoyisassociatedwithslowandscatteredqi;excessangerinducestheqitoascend;excesssadnessandgriefweakenstheqi;excesspensivenessgeneratesknottednessorstuckness;fearresultsindescendingqi;andfrightinduceschaoticqi.〞《内经》记载说“喜那么气缓；怒那么气上；悲那么气消；思那么气结；恐那么气下；惊那么气乱。〞Thesevenemotionsarealsothoughttocorrelatewiththefiveyinorgans:joywiththeheart;angerwiththeliver;sadnessandgriefwiththelung;pensivenesswiththespleen;andfearandfrightwiththekidney.人们还将七情与五脏相关联：喜为心志，怒为肝志，悲为肺志，思为脾志，恐为肾志。练习：yinandyangthatgenerateandlimiteachother阴阳互相促进、相互制约qimovingtheblood，butalsoholdingitinplace气能行血，又能摄血aversiontowardcold恶寒anexternalperniciousinfluence外邪excessivejoyleadingtoslowandscatteredqi喜那么气缓frightinducingchaoticqi惊那么气乱Uint6PPT:Pa1:thefiveelements：wood,fire,earth,metal,waterPa2/3/4:木曰曲直〔植物有弯曲向外和向上生长的特点〕WoodisthebendingandstraighteningWoodischaracterizedbybendingandstraightening肝喜条达〔指肝气与肝血循环的通畅、顺利〕，主升，主动，具有疏泄的功能。Theliverlikesorderlysmoothnessandgovernsuprisingandmotionandhasthedredgingfunction.Analogically以此类推Pa5/6:火曰炎上〔火的特性，有温度，向上运动〕FireistheflamingupwardsFireischaracterizedbyflamingupwards心主脉，具有推动气血以温养全身的功能。Heartgovernsthebloodandvessels.ItcanpropelQiandbloodtowarmandnourishtheentirebody.Pa7/8:土爰稼穑〔土具有生长与收获万物的特性〕EarthisthesowingandreapingEarthischaracterizedbysowingandreaping脾主运化水谷精微，为气血生化之源。Spleengovernsthetransportationandtransformationoftheessenceofwaterandgrain,andisthefoundationfortheformationofQiandblood.SpleentransportstheessenceoffoodandwateralloverthebodyandtransformsitintobloodandQi.Pa9/10:金曰从革〔金从矿石冶炼出来，有演化与变革的特性〕MetalistheworkingofchangeMetalischaracterizedbychanging肺喜清肃而主降。Lunglikestothrivebypurityandgovernsthedescendingmotion.Lungthrivesbypurityandgovernsthedescendingmotion.Pa11/12:水曰润下〔水有滋润向下流动的特性〕WateristhemoisteninganddescendingtolowplacesWaterischaracterizedbymoisteninganddescending肾藏精而主水。Kidneystorestheessenceandgovernswater.我觉得的：Inter-promotion相生inter-action相克woodisstagnantandearthisdeficient〔obstructed〕木郁土虚(壅)注释：Thetheoryofthefiveelementsholdsthatallthephenomenaintheuniversearecomposedbythemovementandmutationofthefiveobjects:wood,fire,earth,metalandwater.五行学说认为，宇宙间的一切事物都是由木、火、土、金、水五种物质的运动与变化所构成的。Thetheoryofthefiveelementsgeneralizesabstractlythedifferentcharacteristicsofthefiveobjects,wood,fire,earth,metalandwater,toclassifytheinternalorgansandtissuesintothefiveelementsrespectivelybyanalogyandtoexplainthephysiologicalcharacteristicsoftheZangfuorgansbythenatureofthefiveelements.五行学说将木、火、土、金、水五种物质的不同特点加以抽象概括，以类比的方法，将人体的内脏、组织、器官分别归属于五行，以五行的特性来说明脏腑的生理特点。Becauseitissimilartothecharacteristicsofearthinthebringingforthofphenomena,thespleeniscategorizedintotheattributeofearth.因与土的生化万物的特性相类似，故将脾归属于土。Whentheliverdiseaseistransmittedtothespleen,itindicatesthatwoodover-actsearth.肝病可以传脾，是木乘土。Whentheliverdiseaseaffectstheheart,itissaidthattheillnessofthemotherinfluencestheson.肝病影响心，称为母病及子。练习：Somedefiniteclinicaljustification某些确切的临床证据Analyze,study,summarizeandexplainthephysiologicalactivities分析、研究、综合和解释生理活动Theordinaryrelationshipbetweentwooppositeaspectsoftheobject事物两个对立面间的普通关系Accordwithnotionoffire符合火的概念intheorderoftheinter-promotingcircle处于相生的次序embraceallthephysiologicalfunctionsofthefiveZangorgans包含五脏所有的生理功能Uint9PPT:(经脉以外看看即可)TheTwelveRegularMeridians手太阴肺经LungMeridianofHand-Taiyin(LU)theLungMeridian手阳明大肠经LargeIntestineMeridianofHand-Yangming(LI)足阳明胃经StomachMeridianofFoot-Yangming(ST)足太阴脾经SpleenMeridianofFoot-Taiyin(SP)手少阴心经HeartMeridianofHand-Shaoyin(HT)手太阳小肠经SmallIntestineMeridianofHand-Taiyang(SI)足太阳膀胱经BladderMeridianofFoot-Taiyang(BL)足少阴肾经KidneyMeridianofFootShaoyin(KI)手厥阴心包经PericardiumMeridianofHand-Jueyin(PC)手少阳三焦经TripleEnergizerMeridianofHand-Shaoyang(TE)足少阳胆经GallbladderMeridianofFootShaoyang(GB)足厥阴肝经LiverMeridianofFootJueyin(LR)Theeightextraordinaryvessels督脉：GovernorVessel(GV)任脉：ConceptionVessel(CV)冲脉：ThoroughfareVessel〔TV〕/PenetratingVessel带脉：BeltVessel〔BV〕/GirdlingVessel阴跷脉YinHeelVessel〔YinHV〕/YinMotilityVessel阳跷脉YangHeelVessel〔YangHV〕YangMotilityVessel阴维脉YinLinkingVessel〔YinLV〕阳维脉YangLinkingVessel〔YangLV〕Acupuncture：Practiseacupuncture行针practisemedicine行医toinsertneedles进针inconjunctionwith...与...联合(使用)electricalstimulus电刺激inconjunctionwith与...联用acupuncturepressure指压anon-invasivemethodofmassagetherapy非介入性按摩疗法thefirstrecord最早记载todocument记载haveanyconceptabout...对...有些认识consistof由…组成theory,theorize,theoretical,theoreticallyarrivalofGi得气Shennongtheorizedthatthebodyhadanenergyforcerunningthroughoutitasthebasisofacupuncture.神农建立了〔一种理论作为〕针灸疗法的根底，即有一种能量贯穿于人体体内。thespiritualaspect精神层面theemotionalaspect情志层面thementalaspect思维层面thephysicalaspect肉体层面beaccessibleby用…到达，接近Thevillageisaccessiblebyboat.Acupunctureneedles：Acupunctureneedlegauge直径34mm(millimeters)22gaugeMuchfiner更细hollow—solid×bleedingorbruising瘀伤widthofshaft,shapeofhead针身针尖Single-useneedles,disposableneedlesInserttheneedlesintherangeof15-90degreesAcupuncturetechniques：fallintotherangeof属于...的范畴Electro-acupuncture电针Electro-:electricitye.g.electromagnet电磁石Fireneedle火针hydro-acupuncture水针Warmingneedle温针electricalimpulse电脉冲Microamperes毫安Micro—small-scale微Microwave微波炉Sonopuncture:声针Sono+punctureSono:soundAuriculotherapy:耳针疗法Auriculo+therapyAuriculo-:Auricular(ofear)Earacupuncture/auricularacupuncturealternative替代性的东西alternativemedicine替代医学alternativestoacupuncture替代针灸的方法Reflexology足底反射治疗学-ology:abranchoflearninge.g.:psychologysolesofthefeet足底posterio-inferiorregionsoftheanklejoints踝关节后下部区域Diseasestreated：lowerbackache腰痛cervicalspondylosis['sə:vikəl][spɔndi'ləusis]颈椎病condylitis髁炎arthriticconditions关节炎类病症headache头痛migraine偏头痛allergicreactions过敏反响clinicaltrials/experiments临床试验anxietydisorders焦虑症depression抑郁症additionsto...对...上瘾Ihaveaddictionstodrugs.我有毒瘾Iamaddictedtodrugs.harddrugs烈性毒品rid...of...使...摆脱...Toridthebodyofphysicaldependency使人体摆脱身体上的依赖注释：Verybasically,acupunctureistheinsertionofveryfineneedles(sometimesinconjunctionwithelectricalstimulus),onthebody’ssurface,inorderoinfluencephysiologicalfunctionsofthebody.简言之，针刺是将很细的针刺入体表〔有时与电刺激联合运用〕从而影响人体的生理功能。2.Theacupuncturepointsarespecificlocationswherethemeridianscometothesurfaceoftheskin,andareeasilyaccessibleby“needling〞,moxibustion,andacupuncturepressure.穴位是经脉循行到体表的特定部位，易于针刺、施灸和指压。3.Thefollowingtechniquesaresomewhichmaybeusedbyanacupuncturistimmediatelyfollowinginsertion:liftingandthrusting,twirlingorrotating.进针后，针灸师可能会立即采取如下一些手法——提插，捻转。Acupunctureandmoxibustionareconsideredcomplementaryformsoftreatment,andarecommonlyusedtogether.针刺和灸法被认为是两种互补的治疗方式，而且经常被同时应用。Cuppingisanothertypeoftreatment.Thisisamethodofstimulatingacupuncturepointsbyapplyingsuctionthroughametal,woodorglassjar,inwhichapartialvacuumhasbeencreated.拔火罐是另一种治疗方法，即拔罐法，它是通过金属罐、木罐或玻璃罐内制造的不完全真空所形成的吸力刺激穴位。Stimulationoftheacupuncturepointsisperformedwiththefingersoraninstrumentwithahardball-shapedhead.练习：inconjunctionwithelectricalstimulus与电刺激相结合acupuncturepressure指压totravelthroughoutthebodyalong“meridians〞沿着经脉流经全身thelowerfrequenciesforgeneralpainrelief较低的频率用于一般的疼痛缓解thetreatmentofdiseasesbyapplyingheattoacupuncturepoints通过给穴位施热治疗疾病toridthebodyofphysicaldependency使人体摆脱身体上的依赖b.汉译英〔练习〕Unit1整体观holisticconcept/conceptofholism保健与治疗Healthcareandtreatment中医根底理论与临床实践fundamentaltheoryofTCMandclinicalpractice人体与环境的和谐HarmonybetweenthehumanbodyanditsenvironmentUnit2阴阳学说Yin-Yangtheory动态平衡dynamicbalance物质世界physicalworld相互独立的对立双方mutuallyindependentopposites疾病的早期表现earlymanifestationofdisease治疗原那么principlesoftreatmentUnit3津液fluids营气nutrientqi津liquid液humor黏膜mucousmembranes血虚bloodvacuityUnit4西医所谓的肝病Western-definedhepaticdisorders功能内在相关的综合体complexesofcloselyinterrelatedfunctions藏而不泻tostoreandnottodrain泻而不藏todrainandnottostore根本病因therootoftheproblem治表providingonlysymptomatictreatmentUnit5六气thesix

climatic

phenomena六淫thesix

pernicious

influences(ofenvironmentalfactors)阴阳失调yin

and

yanglosingadjustment易受病邪的伤害besusceptible

to

the

harmful

effects

of

a

pernicious

influence肾藏精thekidney

ruling

storage脾的运化thespleen's

function

of

transforming

foodUnit6五行理论thetheoryofthefiveelements/five-elementtheory藏血以济心tostorebloodtosupporttheheart说明人体生理、病理及其外在环境的相互关系Toexplainthephysiologyandpathologyofthehumanbodyaswellastheirrelationshiptotheoutsideenvironment相生相克的关系用以解释脏腑之间的某些内在联系Theinter-promotingandinter-actingrelationshipsareusedtoexplainsomeoftheinterconnectionsamongZang-fuorgans.临床实践证明五行的法那么可用以决定诊断与治疗Clinicalpracticehasprovedthatthelawsofthefiveelementscanbeusedtodeterminediagnosisandtreatment五行学说中的“相乘〞与“相侮〞，在中医学中可用以解释病理现象Theover-actingandcounter-actingrelationshipsinthetheoryofthefiveelementscanbeusedtoexplainpathologicalconditionsinChinesemedicineUnit9进针toinsertneedles/theinsertionofneedles手少阳三焦经tripleEnergizerMeridianofHand-Shaoyang经脉循行到体表的特定部位specificlocationswherethemeridianscometothesurfaceoftheskin耳针疗法：auriculotherapy/auricularacupuncture/earacupuncture得气：thearrivalofqi针刺对成瘾的治疗:acupuncturetreatmentofaddictions二、西医英语翻译〔30分，红本〕a．练习中的句子和段落(15分，5题)医学英语实用翻译教程Chapter3I.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese1.Archimedsfirstdiscoveredtheprincipleofdisplacementofwaterbysolidbodies.译文：阿基米德最先发现固体排水的原理。2.Therearedifferentwaysofchangingenergyfromoneformintoanother.译文：将能量从一种形式转变成另一种形式有各种不同的方法。3.Corrosionisanelectro-chemicalprocessbywhichametalsuchasmildsteelreturnstoitsnaturalstate,suchasironoxideorrust.译文：腐蚀是一种电化的过程，像低碳钢一类的金属，因腐蚀而回复到自然状态，如氧化铁，即铁锈。4.Hyperventilationproducessmalldecreasesinbloodpressureinnormalsubjectsandlargedecreasesinpatientswithautomaticfailure.译文：过度换气会使正常受试者的血压轻微下降，而患有自律衰竭患者的下降幅度那么较大。5.Aspirinhasbeenrecognizedasinhibitingnormalplateletfunctionsandthemechanismhasbeenclearlydelineated.译文：人们发现阿司匹林有抑制正常血小板的功能，而这种机制也已得到清楚的描述。6.Traditionally,thesetumorshavebeentreatedlocally,usuallywithradiation.译文：传统的治疗方法，是对这些肿瘤进行局部治疗，通常是采用放射疗法。7.Terminalisdefinedhereasanirreversibleillness