2024年高考英语复习讲练测（新教材新高考）阅读理解+七选五测试（基础篇）（原卷版）

综合测试（基础篇）阅读理解+七选五时间：40分钟满分：50分姓名__________得分________阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节(每题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列文章，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AALookatFouroftheWorld-famousCollegesUniversityCollegeLondon,England.UnitedKingdomThisuniversitywasfoundedwiththeintentofopeningeducationequallyandtoall.In1878,UniversityCollegeLondonbeganadmittingwomenusingthesameadmissionstandardsmenwereheldto.ThecollegewasthefirstintheUnitedKingdomtoacceptstudentsfromanyclassorreligion.Tuition(学费)foreachstudentcomesinat$31,000.Thispricedoesincludefeesforhousing,food,travelexpensesandinsurance.UniversityofMelbourne,Melbourne,AustraliaItopenedin1853andisknownforitsoutstandingresearchandteachingprograms.Researchattheuniversityinthe1970sledtoacochlearimplant(人工耳蜗),givingmorethan200,000patientsworldwidehearing.Parentsofnativestudentsexpecttopay$24,500forthefirstterm’stuitionandanother$19,500forroomandboardinresidentialhousing.UniversityofCambridge,England,UnitedKingdomRecordsoftheuniversityreachbackto1209whentheareawasanancientRomantradingpost,makingitthesecondoldestuniversityintheUK.Cambridgecurrentlyhas21,000studentswitharound1,300ofthosecomingfrom65differentcountries.Tuitionforthebachelorprogramslikeengineeringreaches$31,000.SarahLawrenceCollege,NewYork,UnitedStatesItisknownforadiversestudentbodycomingfrom53differentcountries.Theteacher/studentratio(比例)andpersonalizedcoursesofstudyattractstudentsfromtheUnitedStatesandabroad.Undergraduatescarrying30creditswillpay$51,196fortuition.ThecosttoattendSarahLawrencemayseemprohibitivetomany,butadegreefromthishonouredcollegecanopenmanydoorsforgraduates.1．WhendidUniversityCollegeLondonstarttoadmitwomenonequaltermswithmen?A．In1209. B．In1853. C．In1878. D．In1887.2．Whichcollegedevelopedadevicetobenefitpeoplewithhearingloss?A．UniversityofMelbourne. B．SarahLawrenceCollege.C．UniversityofCambridge. D．UniversityCollegeLondon.3．Whatdothelasttwocollegeshaveincommon?A．Theyjustofferthebachelorprograms. B．Theyfeaturethehighestcostofboard.C．TheyarelocatedintheUnitedKingdom. D．Theyarefavouredbyinternationalstudents.BJimfoundhimselfexhaustedduringatrip.Whenhecamehome,hewenttoseeadoctor.“ThereasonIwastired,”Jimsays,“wasthatmykidneys(肾脏)weregone.”Jim,69,aformerAirForcepilot,immediatelystarteddialysis(透析)threedaysaweek.Apersonofhisageondialysisusuallylivesonlyaboutfouryears.Transplantsarealong-shotalternative.TheNationalKidneyFoundationestimatesthat13peopledieeverydaywhilewaitingforadonorwiththerightbloodandtissuetypes.Jim’swife,nephewandfourfamilyfriendsofferedbutweren’tamatch.JimwassodiscouragedthathewasevenconsideringnotattendingareunionofsomeAirForcebuddies(铁哥们).Buthiswifeencouragedhimtoreunitewithhisoldfriends,amongwhomwasonehehadn’tseenin50years:DougCoffman.ThetwohadmetwhentheybothwerelearningVietnamesebeforetheywentoverseas.Doug,then70,feltastrongbondwithhisbandofbrothers,eventhoughhehadn’tseensomeofthemindecades.Theirconnectionwentbeyondthebattlefieldinwaysmostsoldiersneverexperience.Doughadreceivedhelpfromhisfriendswhenhewasintrouble,sohefeltlikeitwasatimethathecouldpaythataheadbydonatingakidneytoJim.Fortunately,seriesoftestingrevealednotonlythatDoug’stissuetypematchedJim’sbutalsothathehadthekidneysofa35-year-old.Thetransplantwasasuccess.“It’sprettymiraculoustobeabletotakeanorganoutofoneperson’sbody—alivingorgan—putitinanotherperson’sbody,andhaveitwork,”Dougsays.“Andthere’snothingfinerthanknowingI’vehelpedanotherpersonliveabetterlife.”4．FromthistextweknowthatKidneytransplantis________.A．Expensive B．dangerous C．amatterofluck D．anunwisechoice5．HowoldwasJimwhenhewentoverseas?A．About17. B．About19. C．About22. D．About25.6．WhatcanweinferfromDoug’swordsinthelastparagraph?A．DougishappytodonateakidneytoJim. B．JimishavingabetterlifethanDoug.C．Thekidneytransplantisverysuccessful. D．Modernmedicalscienceisveryadvanced.7．Whatisthethemeofthistext?A．Goodluck. B．Anoperation. C．Payingitforward. D．Goodrelationship.CWhatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandit’schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificiallife-calledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife’sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield’sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything.”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat’stheworthofartificiallife?’Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?’”AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch’sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreateessentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof“noveltygenerator”.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth’sbiosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife’sendless“creativity”insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAl,advancesinALifearehardertorecognize.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentralconcept—lifeitself—isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn’thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled(混乱的)progressionisastrikingparallel(平行线)totheevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratednovelty.Itmaybe,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren’tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething：perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.8．RegardingAlanSmith’sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.A．supportive B．puzzled C．unconcerned D．doubtful9．Whatdoestheword“enamored”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Shocked. B．Protected. C．Attracted. D．Challenged.10．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture. B．ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.C．AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife. D．AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.11．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?B．LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?C．LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?D．LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?DScientistsandengineersarepreparingforpossibletravelintointerstellar(星际的)space,theareainbetweenstars,inthedistantfuture.Anewreportexaminesthepossibleproblemofchangesinlanguageonlongspacetrips.TwoAmericanresearchershaveexploredonepossibleproblemwithsuchtravel.TheyconsideredthepossibilitythatchangesinhumanlanguagecoulddevelopovertimeandleadtomajorcommunicationproblemswithpeopleonEarth.ThelanguageexpertsareprofessorsAndrewMcKenziefromtheUniversityofKansas,andJeffreyPunskeofSouthernIllinoisUniversity.Thetworecentlypublishedapaper,whichconsidersverylongtripsnecessarytoreachinterstellarspace,estimatedtobeabout18billionkilometersfromEarth.Italsoexaminesthepossibilityoffuturecolonization(殖民地的开拓)ofdistantstars.Languagesnaturallychangeascommunitiesgrowmoreisolatedfromeachother,theresearchersnoteinthepaper.Thelongisolationofacommunitycouldleadtoenoughdifferencesinlanguagetomakeitimpossibleforcommunitymembersbackhometounderstand.“Ifyou’reonthisspaceshipfor10generations,newconceptsandsocialissueswillemerge,andpeoplewillcreatewaysoftalkingaboutthem,”McKenziesaidinastatement.Suchvocabularywouldbecomespecifictoonlythatspaceship.“PeopleonEarthmightneverknowaboutthesewords,unlessthere’sareasontotellthem.Andthefurtherawayyouget,thelessyou’regoingtotalktopeoplebackhome,”McKenziesaid.Theresearchersnotedthatinadditiontonewwordsbeingused,thelanguageofpeopletravelingonspaceshipsandlivingincolonieswouldexperiencemanyotherchanges.Forexample,thesoundsofdifferentletterswouldlikelychangeovertime,affectingnotonlyindividualwords,butthewhole“grammaticalsystem”,thepaperstates.Majorchangesinwordandsentencestructurecouldalsocreatesystematiclanguagebarriersovertime,theresearcherssaid.“Givenmoretime,newgrammaticalformscancompletelyreplacecurrentones,”McKenziesaid.12．Whatisthepossibleresultoflongspacetravelaccordingtotheresearch?A．Itmaybringaboutmanylanguagebarriers. B．Peoplemaysufferfrommentalproblems.C．Itmaychangepeople’slivingenvironment. D．PeoplecouldcommunicatemoreeasilyonEarth.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“isolation”inparagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Connection. B．Distribution. C．Loneliness. D．Separation.14．Whatcanweinferaboutthelanguageusedonspaceshipsfromparagraph4?A．Itwillformitsownlanguagesystem. B．Itwillreplacethecurrentlanguagesoon.C．ItcanbeunderstoodbypeopleonEarth. D．Itcanbeusedtocommunicatewithaliens.15．WhydoestheauthormentionMcKenzieinthelastparagraph?A．Topresentthewaytocreatenewlanguages.B．Toexplainthereasonforlanguageproblems.C．Tostresstheinevitabletrendoflanguagechanging.D．Toshowtheimportanceofnewgrammaticalsystems.第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Worriedabouttheclimate?16.Herearesomeexamplestogetyoustarted.•CountthebirdsandthebeesGetclosertonaturebybecomingacitizenscientist.Youcouldbecountingbirdsinyourgarden,butterflies,insectsandflowers,orevenreptilesandhedgehogs.17.It’safungroupactivity,andyourdatacanhelpscientistsbetterunderstandtheimpactofhumanbehaviouronnaturalhabitats.•18Mediaheadlinescanbealarmingwhenitcomestotheclim