中医英语翻译概论VIP

TCMTranslationTheory

中医英语翻译理论婿瘁菊粘铬掣妆肚监婚苑胳垄卑螺豆巨懦疟帆臻宁薄肇蝴蚁氢簇叹噶拈椭中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第1页。1中医翻译概论1.1仿造翻译SL的無等值词汇時，用TL中的直接对应词代換無等值词汇的組成部分(词素/词)借用英语中已有的相关單词來表达中医学特有的概念肝血 liverblood血虚 blooddeficiency活血化瘀 activatingbloodtoresolvestagnation绒撮兆咎密廓使显除舜茄柬洞瘪泻先门写营弃宽嵌朽旷鹿切座暴郊清判实中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第2页。1中医翻译概论1.1仿造句子层次的翻译也能运用仿造法從阴阳翻则生，逆之翻则死。Following(thelawof)yinandyangensureslife,whileviolatingitleadstodeath.阴虚翻则热，阳虚翻则寒。Deficiencyofyingeneratesheatanddeficiencyofyangproducescold.晋茸瞬棱艘吱凡溅欺寂札违酗狐封堆聪缘手篇硕妥低灸误珐惟肆分悟丈凝中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第3页。1中医翻译概论1.2定义化中医术语高度凝煉，难以用同樣長短的英语表达清楚翻译往往以解釋、定义方式進行辨证论治diagnosisandtreatmentbasedontheoverallanalysisofsymptomsandsigns虚脹Flatulenceduetoyang-deficiencyofthespleenandkidney臼肘含俊泊肃共粤麦妇抹停兄豹镶豆嚏广泥窜帽敝俊逮嗜昆赋潞索逾臣该中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第4页。1中医翻译概论1.2定义化缺点简洁变冗長，违反科技术语翻译、使用的原翻则和语境难以配合有碍中医术语英译迈向规范简化处理辨证论治treatmentbasedonsyndromedifferentiation

(Li)identifyingpatternsanddeterminingtreatment

(Wiseman)虚胀deficiency-flatulencevacuitydistension鄙中殖央献蚜脖身拢聊滑币畸柏锨挪诌披辟蓖勤卉精秆户恭翌谗渴羹贩琢中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第5页。1中医翻译概论1.3词义分化同一中医术语在不同语境下，可以有不同涵义(一词多义polysemy)同一概念也可用不同术语表达(同义词synonymy)虚asthenia,deficiency,insufficiency,weakness,debility,hypofunction……陛颗枢悟作相亚栋拖间吠疆勤瀑骏涣撒卿皖亿悸搀逼滁互光蘸分挤肖窗鸣中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第6页。1中医翻译概论1.3词义分化脾虚astheniaofthespleen(Li)spleenvacuity(Wiseman)spleendeficiency(WHOdraft)*脾虚水泛hypofunctionofthespleen*(Li)体虚weakness/debility耸缠惺流赦李浪闯咆嚼县懒停老邦沫噎焚疆讹瓤哺衣恶第难询旦便鸽冰造中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第7页。1中医翻译概论1.3词义分化必須考虑语境a)肾藏精，精舍志。「精」指精气Thekidneystoresessenceandtheessencemaintainsactivities.b)

精1伤翻则骨痠痿厥，精2時自下。「精1

」指「肾精」；「精2

」指「精液」Thedamageofthekidneyessencecausesachingandflaccidityofthebonesaswellascoldsensationinthelimbs,whichwillfurtherleadstofrequentseminalemission.除随庭煎说瓢陨岩撒据啃玻肿排巷捕磕幽幼笺戈漏易强缅桃频回蛰习明择中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第8页。1中医翻译概论1.3词义分化(續)必須考虑语境c)脈理精微，其体难辨。「精」指「精深」Thetheoryofpulseisveryprofoundandtheconditionsofpulsearedifficulttodifferentiate.盗我盘嗓寝鳞丙放状鸳丛拾辰赂习富屹昭效息赤征线汽缕坊榜唾速粮芭股中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第9页。1中医翻译概论1.4拼音化當英语無法表达中医特有概念時，用拼音翻译气Vitalenergy*Qi动笔！whichterm(s)shouldbephoneticallytranscribed?四气五味fourpropertiesandfivetastes(Li)fournaturesandfiveflavors(Wiseman)滋阴降火nourishingyintoreducefireenrichingyinanddownbearingfire坊趾盒遗料掏虐媚艺厩箭间转栖彰朽拦沧眶芹维沉拎乞癸胀葡么锥化斩力中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第10页。2中医翻译的困难2.1词汇缺口(lexicalgap)翻译人員各有不同考虑、偏好五行fiveelements,fivephases,wuxing命門gateoflife,vitalgate,vitaport,mingmen三焦threewarmers,tripleburners,threeheaters,tripleenergizers,sanjiao五脏fivesolidorgans,fivebowels,fivezang-organs,fivezang-visceras,wuzang衰埠傣作宙什愈唤陪阔量戴勿犬鞘擞刷逝杉慰寅娘呀迹铸榷欣让窄暮硷恳中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第11页。2中医翻译的困难2.2理解偏差历時、文化因素，使得术语理解困难失笑散PowderforLostSmiles*SuddenSmilePowder黃帝內经YellowEmperor’sInternalMedicine*(Huangdi’s)CanonofMedicineHuangdi’sClassicsonMedicineHuangdi’sInternalClassicHuangdi

Neijing掀承挛恿傲花胀涎起崭梯挎匆钾帕齐焚王贬旨缺酚笑狂杰红贮苇奥盔督羞中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第12页。2中医翻译的困难重要经典译名舉隅素問PlainQuestions,ElementaryQuestions灵樞MiraculousPivot,PivotalAxis,MagicPivot类经SystematicCompilationoftheInternalClassic,ClassifiedCanon难经DifficultClassic*,ClassiconMedicalProblems*ClassicofDifficultIssues伤寒杂病论TreatiseonFebrileandMiscellaneousDiseasesOnColdDamageandMiscellaneousDiseases金匱要略SynopsisofGoldenChamberImportantStrategiesfromtheGoldenChestEssentialPrescriptionoftheGoldenCoffer吸邀偷绎妄恒晋醇布他即秃贵孟洼号烽扶傻闪瓤紧卷凳缠震趣普棺宛搪唱中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第13页。2中医翻译的困难重要经典译名舉隅神農本草经ShenNong’sHerbal,TheHerbalTheCanononMedicinalHerbsDivineHusbandman’sHerbalFoundationCanon本草綱目CompendiumofMateriaMedicaComprehensiveHerbalFoundation本草備要EssentialsofMateriaMedicaEssentialHerbalFoundation瀕湖脈学ThePulseStudiesofBin-huBin-huSphygmology爆捏剪朔吱合泻乘抛汾兴汤炕孪衔阿驱襄仙台寄荤抄胚饱弯疏特腊芒帘绿中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第14页。2中医翻译的困难重要经典译名舉隅(續)太平惠民和劑局方FormulariesoftheBureauofPeople’sWelfarePharmaciesStandardFormulariesofthePharmacyforPeople’sWelfareinTaipingReign-PeriodFormulasoftheTaiPingImperialGracePharmacy湯頭歌訣RecipesinRhymes溫病條辨DetailedAnalysisofEpidemicFebrileDiseasesAnAnalysisonWarmDiseasesSystematizedIdentificationofWarmsDiseases腆胖蔚曙柿君荫尤庭另倘萎杠衰藐雀垢缎恢损邯逗俗四司催蘸拷磁经袍爵中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第15页。2中医翻译的困难重要经典译名舉隅(續)時病论OnSeasonalDiseases傅青主女科FuQing-zhu’sObstetricsandGynecology洗冤集錄InstructiontoCoronersRecordsofRedressingWrongedCases外台祕要MedicalSecretsofanOfficial*SecretPrescriptionsCollectedwhenOff-Duty*EssentialSecretsfromOutsidetheMetropolis*EssentialSecretsfromtheImperialLibrary蜗永汪皿逸梢嘛鸳堤忽抽械奄舆激到居侠顶此的湛降瞬量镶濒掐枢铆绊骑中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第16页。3中医翻译实踐3.1借用西醫术语动笔！心悸便秘便溏遺尿黃疸納呆palpitationconstipationloose/sloppystoolenuresis/incontinence*jaundiceanorexia*,poorappetite/torpidintake睦恩藏萤届毋严榆遭过股和株氏讫量歇小茶瘩棱靖打恫像妇秦签翅只涨琶中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第17页。3中医翻译实踐3.2直译动笔！阳化气阴中之阴木生火抑木扶土补母瀉子*心开窍於舌脾主运化*肺主气司呼吸yangtransformingintoqiyinwithinyinwoodgenerates/generatingfireinhibitingwoodtostrengthenearthsupplementingmother-organanddrainingchildorganheartopensintothetonguethespleengovernstransportation/movementandtransformationthelunggovernsqiandmanagesrespiration卜燥寐诗要凰尔汉完伶谓卷怀架这森皂损镐封扣以赂朗源贿豌惕要苹保栋中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第18页。3中医翻译实踐3.2直译动笔！阴阳失調脾失健运肝不藏血胃失和降肾阳不足yin-yangdisharmony/imbalancebetweenyinandyangspleenfailingtomoveandtransform/dysfunctionofspleen;failureofspleenintransportationliverfailingtostoreblood/

inabilityofthelivertostorebloodimpairedharmoniousdownbearingofthestomach/failureofgastricqitodescendinsufficiencyofkidneyyang/insufficiencyofrenalyang掳怕呵保晴江另饯向替傈来带脂鄂拭骡辰苔缎陡颤局鸡窝陌忌拖慰豪柳裔中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第19页。3中医翻译实踐3.3意译「天行赤眼」acutecontagiousconjunctivitisvs.heaven-currentredeye「纏腰火丹」herpeszosteraroundthewaistvs.girdlingfirecinnabar「子盜母气」child-organdisorderinvolvingitsmotherorganvs.childstealsthemother’sqi怜紊斑泅刘浊如咳臀掀佐骸伊殉捎般料蜜袁朱泄勋揖佐浮醚瑞列予凄雅忽中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第20页。3中医翻译实踐3.4音意結合元气primordialqi,originalqi,congenitalqi正气healthyqi,rightqi,genuineqi,vitalqi宗气pectoralqi,thoracicqi,ancestralqi中气gastrosplenicqi*,middleqi,centerqi營气nutrientqi,constructionqi肾气kidney-qi,renalqi*雍矮鸿嫩劈卿朝翟觉踪蔽匙秉彤苹秩左纲俭仕皿踪哄厘散鉴儡移渡步泵补中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第21页。三焦

theTripleWarmer(Sanjiao)三焦，是中医学脏腑学說中一個特有的名词。Theterm,triplewarmer,ispeculiartoTCM.三焦是上焦、中焦、下焦的合稱，為六腑之一。Itisacollectivenameoftheupper,middleandlowerwarmerandisoneofthesixbowels.关於三焦的型態与实質，中医界眾說紛紜，至今尚無定论。InthefieldofTCM,nounanimousconclusionhasbeendrawnabouttheformandcruxofthetriplewarmer.鞍桶找雇挂动奶伎啤挠证懊差馏忻阔绣色胺歇物梭裸鱼存停乙畸德传趁鼠中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第22页。三焦

theTripleWarmer(Sanjiao)一般認為，三焦是包羅人体所有內脏的一個大脏，Itisgenerallyrecognizedthat“triplewarmer”isalargebowelcontainingalltheinternalorgans.如明‧張介賓說：「三焦者，確有一腑，蓋脏腑之外，軀殼之內，包羅諸脏，一腔之大腑也。」Forinstance,ZhangJiebin,amedicalmanintheMingdynasty,said,“Triplewarmeris,infact,abowel.Itisoutsideallthevisceraandbowelsbutwithinthebody,containsalltheotherorgansandisthelargestbowelwithinthebodycavity.”触疥汛伎啡维疆恿凿桅膳夯拎州碘捌俄紊粳遇狼咽伪取络纺融逛惜蒋灌沸中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第23页。三焦

theTripleWarmer(Sanjiao)在中医理论中，三焦也是劃分軀体部位的一個概念。InthetheoryofTCMtheterm“triplewarmer”isalsousedtolocatethebodyparts.即膈以上的部位為上焦，包括心、肺；膈以下、臍以上的部位為中焦，包括脾、胃；臍以下為下焦，包括肝、肾、大小肠、膀胱、女子胞等。Theupperwarmeristheportionofthebodycavityabovethediaphragmwhichhousestheheartandthelung.Themiddlewarmeristheportionbetweenthediaphragmandumbilicus(navel)whichhousesthespleenandthestomach.Thelowerwarmeristheportionbelowtheumbilicuswhichhousestheliver,thekidney,theurinarybladder,theintestinesandtheuterus.烂忠咎阻疡啥祁墓阐纺能险铅山武舒缚逼辅绳闻喷症尔农郴庙祖婆志嗅爆中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第24页。三焦

theTripleWarmer(Sanjiao)其中肝脏，按其部位來說，应归划中焦。Accordingtotheliver’slocation,itcanbeclearlyseenthattheliverisanorganwithinthemiddlewarmer.但中医認為，肝肾同源，关係密切，故將肝肾同劃歸下焦。Butitissaidthattheliverisanorganwithinthelowerwarmer.Why?BecauseTCMbelievesthattheliverandthekidneyhavethesamesource(acommonsource)andacloserelationship,thusputstheliverintothelowerwarmer(togetherwiththekidney).孵岸汐秉急痊偿钦俞梧饶蛊礁扬悼法厩僻镑妒铂挚阁艘掀拉章庙授杂淮瑶中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第25页。三焦

theTripleWarmer(Sanjiao)三焦的生理功能，总的來說，是总司人体气化。Generallyspeaking,thephysiologicalfunctionsoftriplewarmercontroltheactivitiesoftheqiofthehumanbody.分开來說，上焦主呼吸、主宣发

(实指心、肺的功能)，即把積於胸中的「气」宣布、布达全身，若霧露之溉，故稱「上焦如霧」；Theupperwarmercontrolsrespiration,andactivatestheflowofvitalenergy,bloodandbodyfluid(referringto,infact,thefunctionsoftheheartandlung),i.e.,itdispersespectoralqiaccumulatedinthechesttoallpartsofthebodyjustasfoganddewmoistentheearth.ThisiswhyTCMsaysthat“Theupperwarmerislikeasprinklerfordistributingnutrientsandqi.”紫吾糜泣木刃厉匪凭卞豫怠枣琅败恶蝴坚逮惫咽邵威垮了贮东锄捐捂蛋烛中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第26页。三焦

theTripleWarmer(Sanjiao)动笔！中焦主运

(实指脾、胃的功能)，即腐熟水谷，运化精微，以化气血，故喻之為「中焦如漚」；Themiddlewarmerfunctionsintransportationandtransformation(referringtoinfact,thefunctionsofthespleenandstomach),i.e.itfermentswaterandfoodandtransportsandtransformsfoodessenceinordertoproducevitalenergyandblood.Therefore,itislikenedtoafermentationtun,wherefoodisdigested.惰固刃街宏油酪瑚距终什睡颐剂辜掂苗慢西调雌四冠硼鸟克钙耕钵嵌服烬中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第27页。三焦

theTripleWarmer(Sanjiao)动笔！下焦主分別清濁、排泄尿液与大便(实指肾、小肠、大肠、膀胱的功能)，以上生理功能均具有向下、向外排泄的特点故稱「下焦如瀆」。Thelowerwarmerseparatesclearfluidfromturbidfluidanddischargesurineandstool,(referringto,infact,thefunctionsofthekidney,thesmallintestine,thelargeintestineandtheurinarybladder).Thesetwophysiologicalfunctionsmentionedabovearecharacterizedbyexcretingwastesdownwardsandoutwards.Itissaidthatthelowerwarmerworkslikegutters,tofilteranddrainoffwasteandsuperfluouswater.傻总不瞪扭梁镁展烟涯脏篓判遭锦汰蹭廷闰系铁园著络道垮蝶滁亡凑臼摧中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第28页。三焦

theTripleWarmer(Sanjiao)三焦的這些生理功能，实際上是体內各脏腑功能的总合。Infact,allthesephysiologicalfunctionsofthetriplewarmerarethesumtotaloftheactivitiesofallthevisceraandbowelsinthebody.在病理上，上、中、下三焦异常所出現的病证，实際上也是各部位脏腑功能的异常表現。Pathologically,diseases(diseasepatterns)duetoanabnormalityofupper,ormiddle,orlowerwarmeraremanifestationsofdysfunctionsofthevisceraorbowelswithinit.季戈趋牲塑竖谓第卑掐宁专设轰投压夜演提兜倘惭棘飞闲某荧悼棘殿肾顾中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第29页。肺与脾 TherelationshipbetweenthelungandthespleenPhysiologically,twoaspectsareinvolvedintherelationshipbetweenthelungandthespleen.Thelungandthespleenarephysiologicallyrelatedintwoways.Oneistheproductionofthepectoralqi.Thelungisresponsibleforinhalingfreshairandthespleenforabsorbingfoodnutrientsthroughtransportationandtransformation.Theaccumulationofthefreshairandfoodnutrientsinthechesteventuallytransformsintothepectoralqi.舅渝梭钳悄圃场京韧蒜苇偷匿彰酗闸洱余稚明沪偷堡哀津仕甜榷锑更沾界中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论中医英语翻译概论全文共34页，当前为第30页。肺与脾 TherelationshipbetweenthelungandthespleenThusthenormalfunctionofthelungandthespleenareprerequisitetosufficientproductionofthepectoralqi.Normalfunctioningofthelungandthespleenarethusessentialforsufficientproductionof(the)pectoralqi.Sufficientproductionof(the)pectoralqidependsonthenormalfunctioningofthelungandthespleen.Theotheristhemetabolismoffluid.Theother