第二节名词学案-高考英语一轮复习（艺术班）

第二节名词〔真题演练〕1.[2022全国新高考Ⅰ改编]TheGiantPandaNationalPark’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate（population）andhomesofgiantpandas.2.[2022全国乙改编]Chinahasa（responsible）toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.3.[2022全国甲]CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental（protect）.4.[2021全国乙]Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobeeeducatedabouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe（develop）ofthelocalareas.5.[2021浙江1月]Itiscalculatedbydividinga（person）weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.〔必备知识〕名词是一种实词，表示人、物、地点或抽象概念等的统一名称。它可以分为专有名词和普通名词。名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、同位语等成分。在高考中主要考查名词的数、名词所有格和词性转换。一、名词的数可数名词规则变化一般情况下在词尾直接加spopulation→populations，month→months以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词在词尾加esswitch→switches,brush→brushes以辅音字母+y结尾的名词变y为i再加esfacility→facilities,majority→majorities以元音字母+y结尾的名词在词尾直接加sholiday→holidays,monkey→monkeys以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加estomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes有些在词尾加spiano→pianos,photo→photos以f、fe结尾的名词一般要变f或fe为v再加esshelf→shelves,knife→knives少数直接加sroof→roofs,belief→beliefs不规则变化单复数同形deer,sheep,Chinese,means,series,species变内部元音man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet名词前有man或woman修饰man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式,如awomandoctor→womendoctors,amanteacher→menteachers二、名词所有格名词所有格’s所有格主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。（1）一般是名词词尾加’s，如John’shome约翰的家；（2）以s或es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加’，如students’textbooks学生们的课本；（3）词尾不带（e）s的复数名词，仍加’s，如children’sgame孩子们的游戏of所有格表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系，如thetitleofthearticle文章的标题；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格，如thenameofthegirloverthere那边的那个女孩的名字双重所有格双重所有格的构成为“名词＋of＋’s所有格”或“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”，名词前可用a、any、some、afew、two、this、that、these、those等修饰，但一般不用the。如apictureofmymother’s我母亲（拥有）的一张照片；thislittlecatofyoursister’s你妹妹的这只小猫三、常见名词后缀名词后缀：动词变名词alapprove→approvalarrive→arrivalance/enceappear→appearanceexist→existencetion/ationpete→petitionexplain→explanation（ss）iondiscuss→discussionadmit→admissionmentachieve→achievementargue→argumenture/turepress→pressuremix→mixtureyrecover→recoverydiscover→discovery其他choose→choicevary→variety名词后缀：形容词变名词ageshort→shortagecyefficient→efficiencyfluent→fluencydomfree→freedomwise→wisdomcedifferent→differencesilent→silencenessweak→weaknesscareless→carelessnessthwarm→warmthty/itysafe→safetyresponsible→responsibility〔技巧点拨〕典例1InrecentyearssomeInuitinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa（believe）thatpopulationsareincreasing.典例2Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious（activity）onEarthDay.〔分层特训〕Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.[2022湖北四校联考]GrainRainoriginatesfromtheoldsaying“Rainbringsupthe（grow）ofhundredsofgrains”,whichshowsthatthisperiodofrainfallisextremelyimportant.2.[2022江苏泰州四调]Despitethe（oppose）ofhisfamily,Shiresignedfromhisleadershippositionatastateownedfirmandbeganhisfightagainstdesertification.3.[2021全国新高考Ⅰ]Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe（human）are.4.[2021全国乙]（activity）thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking（远足）andacmodationsaimtohavealowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.5.[2021全国甲]Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand（watchtower）totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.6.[2020全国新高考Ⅰ]Historical（accurate）isimportantbutsoisentertainment.Museumsmustpeteforpeople’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.7.[2020全国Ⅰ]Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular（interesting）toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters（环形山）,moresothanthefamiliarnearside.8.[2020全国Ⅱ]ChineseNewYearisa（celebrate）markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.9.Whentheywerefreefromwork，theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting（pete）towatch，togetherwiththestorybehindit.10.Amerefivetotenminutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall（cause）.Ⅱ.语法填空[2022湖北武汉华中师大一附中考前测试]Asciencelecture400kilometersaboveEarthwasdeliveredbyChineseastronautsonChina’sTiangongspacestation,1wheretheydisplayeduniquephysicalphenomenaintheorbitingspacecraft.2（feature）interactiveteaching,itwasmainlytargetedatyoungsters.In2013,3theassistanceoftwoothercrewmembers,WangYapingdeliveredthecountry’sfirstspacelecture,makingChina,followingtheUnitedStates,4（bee）thesecondcountrytocarryoutaspacelecture.paredwiththelectureeightyearsago,thelecturein2021was5（great）different.Apartfromabigger“classroom”,itcovereda6（wide）rangeofsubjects.PreviouslyWangshowedstudentsthelawsofphysicsandthephenomenaof7（weightless）inspace.Butthisyear,biology8（add）.Theastronautsparedthegrowthandshapeofcellsindifferentenvi