2023-2024学年外研版（2019）必修第三册Unit 3 The world of science【核心词汇】学案（含答案）

Unit3Theworldofscience3.1核心词汇核心词汇1.pressv.按，压，推，挤；催促n.按，压，推，挤；出版社【用法】pressuren.按，压；压力presssbtodosth催促某人做某事presson继续前进【经典例句】·PresentlyIamgoingtopressthelever，andoffthemachinewillgo.(教材P25)现在我要按一下操纵杆，机器就开动了。·Theyarepressingustomakeaquickdecision.他们正催促我们尽快作出决定。·Iconsideredturningback，butitwasgettinglate，soIpressedon.我想往回走，但天色已晚，只好继续前行。·Shekickedatthedoorwithherfoot，andthepressurewasenoughtoopenit.她用脚踢门，力气之大足以把门踹开。【巧学助记】①If____________(press)，hewilladmitthatheknewabouttheaffair.②She____________(press)herfaceagainstthewindowbutsawnothingoutside.③EvenifIhadthetalenttoplaytennisIcouldn’tstandthe______________(press).④We’lltalkaboutyoursuggestionlater—nowlet’sjust_____________________.我们稍后再谈你的建议，现在先继续吧。【答案】1.pressed2.pressed3.pressure4.presson2.desiren.渴望；欲望；愿望v.渴望；希望【用法】adesirefor...对……的欲望desiretodosth渴望做某事desirethat...要求……接宾语从句时，从句用(should＋)do形式的动词有：一坚持(insist)；二命令(order，command)；三建议(suggest，propose，advise)；四要求(demand，require，request，desire)。Iinsistthatheshouldstaywhereheis.我坚持他留在原来的地方。【经典例句】Fewerpeopledesiretoliveinthenorthofthecountry.想住在这个国家北方的人就更少了。IdesirethatheshouldcallonmeonMondaymorning.我要求他周一早晨给我打电话。【巧学助记】①Shehadlittledesire____________powerandshejustwantedtoleadasimplelife.②(2019·高考天津卷)Readingsatisfiesmydesire____________(keep)learning.③Aftermanyyears'hardtrain,hedesires__________(win)agoldmedalinthe2020OlympicGames.④Theemployeesdemandthattheirsalaries__________________(raise).【答案】①for②tokeep③towin④(should)beraised3.significantadj.重要的，影响深远的【用法】significancen．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义beof(great/no/little)significanceto...对……(很/不)重要attach(great)significanceto认为……(很)重要【经典例句】(教材P29)Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.但也许迄今为止人们取得的最重大成功是在医学上。Themostsignificantthingyoushouldkeepinmindisthatmostofthequestionsareeasyifyoumakeuseofcorrectmethods.你应该牢记的最重要的事情是如果你使用正确的方法的话，大部分问题是容易的。【巧学助记】①Moststudentsthinkit____________tojointheEnglishcorner,thoughafewhaven'trealizedthe____________ofit.(significance).②Inmyview，practicinghandwritingis____________________tothestudents'growth.我认为，练习书法对学生的成长有重要意义。③随着时间的推移，人们更加重视教育了。Withtimegoingby，peoplethinkeducationisveryimportant.→Withtimegoingby，people__________________________education.【答案】significant (2)significance (3)ofgreatsignificanceattachgreatsignificanceto4.injurev.使受伤，弄伤【用法】injuryn.伤害；损伤；受伤处injuredadj.受伤的dosbaninjury加害于某人；伤害某人theinjured伤者injure 多指在意外事故中受伤，也指损害健康、成就、荣誉、自尊等hurt 作及物动词，既可指肉体上的伤害，也指精神上或感情上的伤害；作不及物动词时，是“疼痛”之意wound 作动词，表示在战斗、搏斗中受伤；作名词时，表示创伤【经典例句】Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting—inBrazil，peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire！(教材P29)受益的不仅是人类——在巴西，人们给在森林火灾中受伤的陆龟换上了一个新的3D打印的外壳。Ifyouexerciselikethat，you’lldoyourselfaninjury!如果你那样锻炼的话，你会受伤的！Aftertheaccident，theinjuredweretakentothenearesthospitalinnotime.事故发生后，受伤的人立刻被送进了最近的医院。【巧学助记】选词填空(injure/hurt/wound)①Itreally____________thatyou’dbelieveherinsteadofme.②Hedidn’trealizethathewas____________untilthefirehadbeenputout.③Inthemostrecentattackonemanwasshotdeadandtwootherswere____________.【答案】①hurts②injured③wounded5.originn.起源；起因【用法】originatevi.&vt.起源；发源；创立originaladj.最初的；原来的originallyadv.原来；起初【经典例句】(1)Thefamousscientistoriginatedthetheoryinthe17thcentury.那位著名科学家在17世纪创立了这个理论。(2)这个男孩对地球上生命的起源感兴趣。Theboyisinterestedintheoriginoflifeonearth.【巧学助记】(1)Ithinkyoushouldgobacktoyour(origin)plan.(2)(origin)，wehadintendedtogotoItaly，butthenwewonthetriptoGreece.【答案】1.original2.Originally6.curen.疗法；药剂；治愈v.治愈，治疗【用法】Acurefor......的疗法/措施curesth治好...的疾病curesb治好某人curesbofsth使某人从某种疾病中痊愈；矫正某人的某种不良习惯与cure结构相似的词汇构成的短语：robsb.ofsth.抢劫某人的……informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事remindsb.ofsth.使某人想起某事【经典例句】(教材P31)Currently,there'snocureforAlzheimer's,butscientistsareresearchingwaystoimprovethequalityoflifeforpeoplelivingwiththedisease.目前，阿尔茨海默氏症还没有治愈的方法，但是科学家们正在研究改善阿尔茨海默氏症患者生活质量的方法。Manybadhabitscanbeespeciallydifficulttocurebecausetheyarelikelytohavebeenformedataveryyoungage.许多坏习惯特别难以纠正，因为它们可能是人们在年幼时就形成了的。【巧学助记】①Althoughthismedicinecancureyou____________yourillness,ithasabadeffectonyou.②Empathycanbeacure____________loneliness,sadness,anxiety,andfear.③Withthehelpofmyparentsandteachers,I_________________________andmadeprogressinmystudy.在父母和老师的帮助下，我改正了一些缺点，在学习上取得了进步。【答案】of2.for3.curedsomeshortcomingsattachv.系，绑，贴；使依恋；重视【用法】(1)attachsth.tosth.把……附在……上，把……固定到……上attachimportance/significanceto认为……重要/有意义(2)attachedadj.(作表语)依恋的；附属于beattachedto附属于；依恋【经典例句】(教材P32)Ametalkeywasattachedtothestring.绳子上系着一把钥匙。SoIhavenochoicebuttobotheryoutocorrectmymistakesinthematerialIattachtotheletter.所以我别无选择，只能麻烦你纠正我在信中附带的材料中的错误。Iattachgreatimportancetothisresearch.我认为这项研究十分重要。Atonetimetheschoolsweremainlyattachedtothechurch.这些学校曾一度归教会主管。Preventingcrimeisahugesocialsystemproject，soitneedssocialforcetoattachitselftoit.预防犯罪是一项宏大的社会系统工程，需要全社会力量共同参与。【巧学助记】①Themiddleschool____________(attach)toBeijingNormalUniversityiswell­knownacrossthecountry.②Onhertenthbirthdayshereceivedaboxofchocolateswithacard____________(attach)toit，saying“Happybirthday！”③Inmyopinion,moreimportanceshouldbeattachedto____________(develop)students'abilitytosolveproblems.④Parents________________________(非常重视)education.Theywilldotheirbesttogivetheirchildrenthatpricelessgift.【答案】attached (2)attached (3)developing(4)attachgreatimportanceto8.accountn.记述；描述；账目；账户【用法】onaccountof因为；由于takeaccountof＝oaccount考虑到；把……考虑进去accountfor(数量上)占；解释/说明【经典例句】Infact，morethanoneaccountsuggeststhatwhileNewtonwascertainlyinspiredbyafallingapple，thereisnoproofthatithithimonthehead.(教材P33)事实上，不止一种说法认为，牛顿的灵感当然来自一个掉落的苹果，但并没有证据表明它击中了他的头部。Theflightwaspostponedonaccountofbadweather.因为天气恶劣，飞行延期了。Theminoritynationalitiesaccountforsixpercentofthepopulation.少数民族占人口的百分之六。Hisexamresultswerenotverygood，butwemusttakeintoaccounthislongillness.他的考试成绩不很好，但我们必须考虑到他曾经长期生病。【巧学助记】①Maryoftendoespart-timejobstoearnextramoney，whichaccounts____________halfofherincome.②Onaccount____________hisillness，hewasneverleftalone.③Thegovernmentshouldtakeaccountoftheinterestsofthedisabled.→Thegovernmentshould__________theinterestsofthedisabled_______________.【答案】(1)for (2)of(3)takeintoaccount9.advancen.前进；进步；事先adj.预先的，在前的v.(使)进步；提前【用法】advancedadj.先进的，高级的inadvanceof...在……前面inadva