手动于电动工具安全使用

HandandPowerToolSafety

1整理pptClassObjectivesDescribegeneralguidelinesforhandandpowertoolsafety.Describeimportanthandandpowertoolbasics.Describecorrectstepsforpropertoolmaintenanceandhandling.Identifypersonalprotectiveequipmentforusinghandandpowertools.Describesafetyproceduresforpointofoperationsafety.Describegeneralguidelinesforproperhandtoolsafety.Describegeneralguidelinesforproperelectrictoolsafety.Describegeneralguidelinesforproperabrasivewheeltoolsafety.Describegeneralguidelinesforproperpneumatictoolsafety.Describegeneralguidelinesforproperfuelandhydraulictoolsafety.Describeergonomicsinrelationtotooluse.2整理pptJusttheFactsTheOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministrationstatesthatmostinjuriesonconstructionsitesinvolveexcavationcave-ins,powertoolaccidents,falls,electricalhazards,andexposuretopotentiallydangerousmaterials

Workingwithpowertools,youcangetanelectricshock,loseafinger,loseaneye,orgodeaf.It'sespeciallydangeroustouseatoolthat'sdefective,that'sbeenmodified,orthat'snotdesignedforthejob.Ofcourse,youcanalsogetinjuredifyouuseanytoolcarelessly.

3整理pptRegulationsandGuidelinesfor

HandandPowerTools

ForGeneralIndustry1910SubpartP,HandandPortablePowerToolsandOtherHand-HeldEquipment.1910.241,Definitions.1910.242,Handandportablepoweredtoolsandequipment,general.1910.243,Guardingofportablepoweredtools.1910.244,Otherportabletoolsandequipment.

4整理pptOSHAPublication3080

HandandPowerTools(2002revised)

___________________________________:///Publications/osha3080.pdfGreatreferencethatcanbesavedorprintedforyouruse5整理pptWhattheRegulationssayaboutHandTools

Eachemployershallberesponsibleforthesafeconditionoftoolsandequipmentusedbyemployees

Thisincludestoolsandequipmentwhichmaybefurnishedbyemployees6整理pptWhattheRegulationssayaboutHandToolsEmployersshallnotissueorpermittheuseofunsafehandtoolsWrenches,includingadjustable,pipe,end,andsocketwrenchesshallnotbeusedwhenjawsaresprungtothepointthatslippageoccursImpacttools,suchasdriftpins,wedges,andchisels,shallbekeptfreeofmushroomedheadsThewoodenhandlesoftoolsshallbekeptfreeofsplintersorcracksandshallbekepttightinthetool7整理pptHazardsWorkersusinghandandpowertoolsmaybeexposedtothesehazards:工人在使用手动或电开工具时可能有如下的危险：Objectsthatfall,fly,areabrasive,orsplash包括：跌落、飞来物、研磨屑或飞溅Harmfuldusts,fumes,mists,vapors,andgases有害的粉尘、烟气、雾气、蒸汽和气体Frayedordamagedelectricalcords,hazardousconnectionsandimpropergrounding破旧的或损坏的电线、危险的〔错误的〕电气连接和未接地Vibrationandimpact振动和冲击8整理pptWhatdoyouthinkarethemon

injuriesfromworkingwithhandandpowertools?你认为哪些是手动和电开工具使用中最常见的伤害？•Electricshock

触电•Flashburns

弧光灼伤•Falling

坠落•HandandEyeinjuries

手和眼睛伤害•Hearingloss

听力损伤•Crushing,cutsorlosingabodypart

切割伤害或失去身体的部位•Ergonomicinjuries

人体功能伤害9整理pptBasicToolSafetyRules根本工具平安规那么

Maintainregularly

定期保养Inspectbeforeuse

使用前检查Usetherighttoolforthejob

工作中选择使用正确的工具Operateaccordingtomanufacturers’instructions按照工具操作说明使用UsetherightPersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE)使用正确的个人防护用品Useguarding

作业监护10整理pptHandToolHazardsHazardsareusuallycausedbymisuseandimpropermaintenanceDonotuse:wrencheswhenjawsaresprungimpacttools(chiselsandwedges)whenheadshavemushroomedtoolswithloose,crackedorsplinteredhandlesascrewdriverasachiseltoolswithtapedhandles–theymaybehidingcracksCrack11整理pptCuttingandSlicingTools

(Knives,BoxCutters,Scissors,RazorBlades,etc…)

SafetyGloves

–ProtectionagainstaccidentalcutsandvibrationASharpBladeIsSafer

–Whendull,abladecanslipfromtheobjectbeingcutandcauseaseriousinjury.CutDownward

–Alwaysawayfromyourhand.PutItBack

–Neverleaveacuttingtoollyingonatable,chair,sinkordesk.Thereareonlythreeplacesthatacuttingtoolshouldeverbe1)inuse,2)storedsafelyinadrawer,toolbox,inakniferack,or,3)inthedishwasher(bladedown,handleup)

Neverputknivesinasinkfullofsoapyordirtywater.Someonecouldreachintothewaterandseverelycuttheirhand.12整理pptCuttingandSlicingToolsLetItGo!

–Neverattempttocatchadroppedknifeorothercuttingtool–letitfall.WipeAwayFromTheSharpEdge

–ifyouneedtowipeorcleanmaterialofftheblade,alwayswipeawayfromthesharpedge.NeverTouchTheSharpEdge

–Alwaysuseapieceofpapertotestthesharpnessofaknife–NEVERuseyourfingers!Neveruseaknifeasasubstituteforothertools–suchasascrewdriverorbottleopener.13整理ppt14整理pptHandTools-ProtectionKeepfloorsurfacewhereworkingfreefromdebrisandtrippingorslippinghazardsKeepcuttingtoolssharpUsetoolsastheywereintendedtobeusedUsePersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPE),suchassafetyglassesandglovesPPEdeterminedbyJobHazardAnalysis(JHA)15整理ppt16整理ppt

DoesPPEHelp?Atrashbagthatheldaturpentinecontainerruptured.Withoutwarning,thecanexplodedandthemixtureofpaintthinnerandpaintsprayedalloverPhil'sface,head,andupperbody.Theforceoftheexplosionknockedhimtotheground.Whileapplyingsidingwithanairpoweredstaplegun,thesonfiredastaple,hittingametalplatebehindthesiding.Itricochetedbacktowardshisfaceandonelegofthestaplepenetratedthesafetyglasses'lens.Thestaplehitwithsuchforcethattheframeswerecrackedandthesonreceivedbruisingontheeyebrowandcheekbone.17整理pptPPEStandardsVariousOSHAstandardslistspecificrequirementsforvarioustypes/levelsofPPELoggingStandardsElectricalStandardsHazardousNoiseStandardsRespiratoryProtectionStandardsChemical-SpecificStandards18整理pptPersonalProtectiveEquipment19整理pptPowerToolsMustbefittedwithguardsandsafetyswitchesExtremelyhazardouswhenusedimproperlyDifferenttypes,determinedbytheirpowersource:

ElectricPneumaticLiquidfuelHydraulicPowder-actuated20整理pptGeneralSafetyGuidelinesforPowerTools

Beawareofallpowerlinesandelectricalcircuits,waterpipes,andothermechanicalhazardsinyourworkarea,particularlythosebelowtheworksurface,hiddenfromtheoperator'sview,thatmaybecontacted.Wearproperapparel.Donotwearlooseclothing,danglingobjectsorjewelry.Longhairmustberestrained.Glovesshouldnotbewornwhenoperatingcertainpowertools.Checkappropriatetoolmanuals.21整理pptSparkResistantTools

Aroundflammablesubstances,sparksproducedbyironandsteelhandtoolscanbeadangerousignitionsource.Wherethishazardexists,spark-resistanttoolsmadefrombrass,plastic,aluminum,orwoodwillprovideforsafety.22整理ppt"Non-sparking","spark-resistant"or"spark-proof“toolsarenamesgiventotoolsmadeofmetalssuchasbrass,bronze,Monelmetal(copper-nickelalloy),copper-aluminumalloys(aluminumbronze),copper-berylliumalloys(berylliumbronze),andtitanium.Preferred"non-sparking"metalshavelesstensilestrengththansteelsusuallyusedtomaketools.Alowertensilestrengthmeansthemetalhaslessstrengthorresistancetotearingapartwhenstretchedundertestconditions.Italsomeansthatthesetoolsaresofter,weardownmorequicklythanordinarysteeltools,andhavetobedressedmorefrequently.23整理pptMostDangerous

PoweredHandTool?HINTS2.Partscanmoveupto68milesanhour1.Operatingtemperaturecanreach900degreesF.3.Atfullspeed,>600teethpassatagivenpointpersecond4.Onein5injuriesarefrom“kickback〞.Answer:ChainSaw24整理pptSwitchesHand-heldpowertoolsmustbeequippedwithoneofthefollowing:Constantpressureswitch

shutsoffpoweruponreleaseExamples:circularsaw,chainsaw,grinder,hand-heldpowerdrillOn-OffSwitchExamples:routers,planers,laminatetrimmers,shears,jigsaws,nibblers,scrollsaws25整理pptPowerTools-PrecautionsDisconnecttoolswhennotinuse,beforeservicingandcleaning,andwhenchangingaccessoriesKeeppeoplenotinvolvedwiththeworkawayfromtheworkSecureworkwithclampsoravise,freeingbothhandstooperatethetoolDon’tholdtheswitchbuttonwhilecarryingaplugged-intoolKeeptoolssharpandcleanRemovedamagedelectrictools&tagthem:“DoNotUse〞26整理pptPowerTools–Precautions

ElectricCordsDon’tcarryportabletoolsbythecordDon’tuseelectriccordstohoistorlowertoolsDon’tyankcordorhosetodisconnectitKeepcordsandhosesawayfromheat,oil,andsharpedgesReplacedamagedcordsimmediately!27整理pptWouldyouusethisextensioncord?28整理pptToprotectaworkerfromshock,thesetoolsmust:havea3-wirecordpluggedintoagroundedreceptaclebedoubleinsulated,orbepoweredbyalow-voltageisolationtransformerElectricPowerToolsDoubleinsulatedmarkingsPlugwithagroundingpin29整理pptElectricTools–GoodPractices

OperatewithindesignlimitsUseglovesandsafetyshoesStoreinadryplaceDon’tuseinwetlocationsunlessapprovedforthat(useGFCI)KeepworkareaswelllitEnsurecordsdon’tpresentatrippinghazard30整理pptGood

Practice?31整理pptCordlessToolsNeedLoveToo32整理pptAbrasiveWheelsandToolsMaythrowoffflyingfragmentsEquipwithguardsthat:

Coverthespindleend,nut,&flangeprojectionsMaintainproperalignmentwiththewheelDon’texceedthestrengthofthefasteningsGuardsothataminimalamountofthewheelisexposed33整理pptInspectingAbrasiveWheelsBeforemounting:inspectcloselyfordamageperformsound-orring-testtoensurefreefromcracksanddefectsTotest:

tapwheelgentlywithalight,non-metallicinstrumentifwheelsoundscrackedordead,donotuseitbecauseitcouldflyapart34整理pptAbrasiveWheelUseTopreventcracking:FitthewheelfreelyonthespindleTightenthespindlenutenoughtoholdthewheelinplacewithoutdistortingtheflangeLetthetoolcomeuptospeedpriortogrindingorcuttingDon’tstandinfrontofthewheelasitcomesuptofullspeedUseeyeand/orfaceprotectionEnsurethespindlespeeddoesn’texceedthemaximumspeedmarkedonthewheel35整理pptAbrasiveWheelWorkRestsKeepworkrestsnotmorethan1/8thinchfromwheelsurfaceThispreventsjammingtheworkbetweenthewheelandtherest,whichmaycausethewheeltobreakDon’tadjustwheelwhileit’srotating36整理pptGuardingGuardexposedmovingpartsofpowertoolsGuardbelts,gears,shafts,pulleys,sprockets,spindles,flywheels,chains,orothermovingpartsNeverremoveaguardwhenatoolisinuse37整理pptThepointofoperationiswheretheworkisactuallyperformedonthematerials–itmustbeguardedGuarding-PointofOperationThisshowsaradialarmsawequippedwithproperpointofoperationguards38整理pptGuardingProtectionMachineguardsmustprotecttheoperatorandothersfrom:PointofoperationIn-runningnippointsRotatingpartsFlyingchipsandsparksNipPoint39整理pptGuardtopreventtheoperatorfromcomingincontactthetherotatingbladeRadialSawGuardingRadialarmsawequippedwithanupperandlowerbladeguard40整理pptGuardthesesawsaboveandbelowthebaseplateorshoe.Thelowerguardmustcoverthesawtothedepthoftheteeth.GuardingPortableCircularSaws41整理pptUseahoodforguardingAvoidThis…….HoodguardTableSawGuarding42整理pptPneumaticToolsPoweredbycompressedairIncludesnailers,staplers,chippers,drills&sandersMainhazard-gettinghitbyatoolattachmentorbyafastenertheworkerisusingwiththetoolTakethesameprecautionswithanairhosethatyoutakewithelectriccordsNailGun-Cut-AwayView43整理pptPneumaticTools-FasteningEnsuretoolisfastenedsecurelytotheairhosetopreventadisconnectionUseashortwireorpositivelockingdeviceattachingtheairhosetothetoolWireusedtosecurehose44整理pptPneumaticToolConnections

UnacceptableAcceptableHoseclamp45整理pptPneumaticToolSafetyPlaceasafetydeviceonthemuzzletopreventthetoolfromejectingfasteners,unlessthemuzzleisincontactwithworksurfaceInstallasafetycliporretainertopreventattachments,suchaschiselsonachippinghammer,frombeingejectedWeareyeprotection.Wearhearingprotectionwithjackhammers.Muzzleincontactwithworksurface46整理pptCompressedAirCleaningDon’tusecompressedairforcleaningException-wherereducedtolessthan30p.s.i.witheffectivechipguardingandPPE47整理pptOutdoor“Yard〞ToolsReadandHeedownersmanualGuardsinplaceTurnofftoperformmaintenanceorfreejams/debrisWearPPEProperpluginorfuelingprocedures48整理pptLiquidFuelToolsUsuallygaspoweredMainhazard–fuelvaporsCarbonMonoxideHazardsUseonlyapprovedflammableliquidcontainersBeforerefillingafuel-poweredtooltank,shutdowntheengineandallowittocoolRefuelatleast10feetfromcombustiblematerials49整理pptPowder-ActuatedToolsUsermustbetrainedandlicensedtooperateTesttooleachdaybeforeloadingtoensurethesafetydevicesareworkingproperlyWearsuitableear,eye,andfaceprotectionSelectapowderlevelthatwilldotheworkwithoutexcessiveforce50整理pptFatalFactEmployeekilledwhenstruckinheadbyanailfiredfromapowderactuatedtool.Tooloperatorwasattemptingtoanchoraplywoodforminpreparationforpouringaconcretewall51整理pptEasilyPenetratedMaterialAvoiddrivingintomaterialseasilypenetratedunlessmaterialsarebackedbyasubstancethatwillpreventthepinorfastenerfrompassingthroughAlso,don’tdrivefastenersintoveryhardorbrittlematerialthatmightchiporsplatter,ormakethefastenersricochet52整理pptPowder-ActuatedToolSafetyTipsDon’tuseinexplosiveorflammableatmosphereInspecttoolbeforeusetoensure:itisclean,thatmovingpartsoperatefreelythebarrelisfreefromobstructionsandhasthepropershield,guard,andattachmentsDon’tloadthetoolunlessusingimmediatelyDon’tleavealoadedtoolunattended