2022届高三毕业班英语百所名校试题分类03（阅读理解之说明文） 解析版（11月）

2022届高三毕业班英语百所名校试题分类

专题03（阅读理解之说明文）解析版

01河南省大联考2021-2022学年高三上期阶段性测试（二）英语试题

Dengueisaverypainfulillnessspreadbymosquitoes.Inseverecases,denguecanevenbedeadly.Dengueisa

seriousdiseaseaffectingpeopleinaround120countries.Itcancausehighfevers,headaches,andseverepain.It's

causedbyavirusspreadbybitesfrommosquitoes.Therefore,dengueismorecommoninwarmareas.Everyyear,

roughly390millionpeoplegetdengue,andasmanyas25,000diefromit.

Nowscientistsseemtohavefoundawaytoprotecthumansfromdenguebyfirstprotectingmosquitoes.

Denguefeveriscausedbyavirus.Thoughitmayseemstrangetothinkofitthisway,themosquitoesthatspreadthe

denguevirusarealsoinfectedwithit.Butthevirusdoesn'tseemtohurtthemosquitoes.

Wolbachiaisakindofbacteriacommonlyfoundinmanyinsects.Insomeinsects,Wolbachiacankeepsome

virusesfromduplicatingthemselves,whichishowvirusesgrowinsideabody.Wolbachiaisn'tnaturallyfoundin

mosquitoes.ButbyinfectingthesemosquitoeswithWolbachia,scientistscankeepthemosquitoesfromcatching

thedenguevirus.Evenbetter,theyoungmosquitoescomingfromtheeggsoftheinfectedmosquitoesalsocarry

Wolbachia.

ResearchersworkingwiththeWorldMosquitoProgram（WMP）rana27-monthstudyinYogyakarta,

Indonesia.Theysplita10-square-mileareaupinto24smallerareas.Inhalfoftheareas,thescientistsdidnothing.

Intheotherhalf,theysetoutcontainersofeggsfrommosquitoesthathadWolbachia.Theydidthiseverytwoweeks

forjust4to6months.

Tenmonthslater,80%ofthemosquitoesinthetreatedareascarriedWolbachia.Theresearchersreportthe

numberofdenguecasesinthetreatedareaswasreducedby77%andthatthenumberofpeopleneedinghospital

carefordenguedroppedby86%.

Becausetheresultsoftheexperimentweresogood,theWHOhasplacedWolbachia-infectedmosquitoeggsin

allpartsofYogyakartaandsurroundingareas.TheWHOsaysthatwithinayear,theireffortswillprotect2.5million

peopleagainstdengueandthattheireffortswillbeturnedintoaprogramthatcanberepeatedworldwide.

8.Whatkindofdiseaseisdengue?

A.Itislikelytocausedeath.B.Itcausesnopainbutfevers.

C.Ithappenslessofteninhotareas.D.Ithurtsbothpeopleandmosquitoes.

9.Theunderlinedword“duplicating“inparagraph3mostprobablymeans"

A.worseningtheharmofB.expandingthesizeof

C.increasingforcesofD.makingcopiesof

10.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthemethodfromthefigureslistedinparagraph5?

A.Itswideuse.B.Itseffectiveness.C.Itscomplexity.D.Itseasyoperation.

11.What'stheWHO'sattitudetowardsthemethod?

A.Ambiguous.B.Positive.C.Tolerant.D.Skeptical.

【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.B

【解析】

【分析】本文是说明文。介绍了一种严重的疾病——登革热，它由蚊子传播。在严重的情况下，登革热甚

至可以致命。目前科学家似乎已经找到了一种方法从保护蚊子入手，世卫组织对这种方法的态度很积极。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段"Dengueisaverypainfulillnessspreadbymosquitoes.Inseverecases,denguecan

evenbedeadly.”（登革热是一种非常痛苦的疾病，由蚊子传播。在严重的情况下，登革热甚至可以致命。）

可知，登革热是一种可能会导致死亡的疾病。故选A。

【9题详解】

词义猜测题。根据划线词后的定语从句“whichishowvirusesgrowinsideabody."（这就是病毒在体内生长的

方式。）得知，病毒生长方式是自我复制。划线词词义为“复制”，故选D。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据第五段“Tenmonthslater,80%ofthemosquitoesinthetreatedareascarriedWolbachia.The

researchersreportthenumberofdenguecasesinthetreatedareaswasreducedby77%andthatthenumberof

peopleneedinghospitalcarefordenguedroppedby86%?'（10个月后，在处理地区80%的蚊子

携带沃尔巴克氏菌。研究人员报告说，治疗地区的登革热病例减少了77%,需要住院治疗的登革热人数减

少了86%。）可知，这些数字表明治疗方法很有效。故选B。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段"TheWHOsaysthatwithinayear,theireffortswillprotect2.5millionpeople

againstdengueandthattheireffortswillbeturnedintoaprogramthatcanberepeatedworldwide..''（世界卫生组

织说，在一年内，他们的努力将保护250万人免受登革热的侵害，他们的努力将转化为一个可以在全世界

重复实施的项目。）可知，世界卫生组织对这种方法的态度很积极。故选B。

02江苏省常熟市2021-2022学年高三上学期阶段性抽测一英语试题

Everytimewegetonaplane,we'reaskedtoeitherturnoffourphonesorchangethemtoflightmode—it'sfbr

''securityreasons”.ButaccordingtoTheConversationwebsite,havingtoturnourphonesoffonaplaneis“aservice

issue,notasafetyone”.Whenwespeakonourphonesintheair,theycancauseinterferencetotheaircraft'sradios

andpilotscanhearthisinterferenceintheirheadphones/'Ifsthesamenoiseyou511befamiliarwith,ifyouputyour

mobiletooclosetoaspeaker,theMirrornoted.<4Itisnotsafety-critical,butisannoyingforsure."Thoughspeaking

onaphoneduringaflightisn'tdangerous,fromtheviewpointofservice,itisn'tstillagoodidea.

Whenwemakeorreceiveacallontheground,weconnecttoacelltowerthatdealswithallcallswithinan

80-kilometerradius（半径）.Aswemovefromplacetoplaceweare“handedon“todifferentcelltowers.AsUS

scientistSvenBilenexplains,forthissystemtowork,thereare“built-in“expectations:Thereshouldn'tbetoomany

“handoff^”andpeopleshouldn'tbetravelingfasterthancarspeeds."Ofcourse,phoneusersshouldbeclosetothe

ground.^^headded.Ifweweretomakephonecallswhileweflew,however,noneoftheseexpectationswouldbe

met.Andevenworse,ourcellphoneswouldstopworking.

Butnowthingsarebeginningtochange.Ifwestillcan'tspeakduringaflight,wecanuseotherphone

functions.Forexample,AirbusA330ofEmiratesAirlineshasinflightWiFitomakepassengerssendandreceive

shortmessagesintheair.Inthefuture,asBilenpointsout,itmaybepossibleforairtravelerstomakeandreceive

callsfreely.Thebreakthroughcouldbe“picocells95,whicharesmallcelltowersontheplaneitself.Therewouldno

longerbeconnectionsmadebetweenphonesandthegroundandthereforetherewouldbenodangerofdisruptionto

phoneservice.

Oneday,perhaps,wewillbechattingintheairasmuchaswechatontheground.

8.Whyarepassengersrequiredtoturnofftheirphonesonaplane?

A.Becauseusingphoneswillposeathreattotheirsafety.

B.Becauseusingphonesmaycauseannoyingnoisetopilots.

C.Becauseturningoffphonescanensurepassengersabetterservice.

D.Becausephoneswillfailtobeconnectedtothecelltowerwhenintheair.

9.Howmany“build-in“expectationsarementionedbySvenBilentohelpmakeaphonecall?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

10.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Peopleshouldtravelslowerthanairplanespeedstomakeaphonecallsuccessfully.

B.Passengersarelikelytomakeorreceivephonecallsfreelyonaplaneinthefuture.

C.”Picocells“hasbeenappliedbyairlinestoprovidepassengerswithgoodphoneservice.

D.PassengerscanreceivecallsonAirbusA330ofEmiratesAirlineswiththehelpofinflightWiFi.

11.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Asciencefiction.B.Atraveljournal.C.Aguidebook.D.Amagazine.

【答案】8.B9.C10.B11.D

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者主要向我们介绍了在飞机上需要关闭手机的原因以及未来对可以在飞机上

拨打或接听电话的期望。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段Whenwespeakonourphonesintheair,theycancauseinterferencetotheaircraft's

radiosandpilotscanhearthisinterferenceintheirheadphones..llIt'sthesamenoiseyou'llbefamiliarwith,ifyou

putyourmobiletooclosetoaspeaker,“可知，当我们在空中用手机通话时，它们会对飞机的无线电设备造成

干扰，飞行员可以在耳机中听到这种干扰。“如果你把手机放得离扬声器太近的话，这和你熟悉的噪音是

一样的，”由此可以看出，乘客在飞机上必须关闭手机的原因是使用电话可能会给飞行员带来烦人的噪音。

故选B。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段AsUSscientistSvenBilenexplains,forthissystemtowork,thereare“built-in”

expectations:Thereshouldn*tbetoomany“handoffs“andpeopleshouldn'tbetravelingfasterthancarspeeds."Of

course,phoneusersshouldbeclosetotheground.''headded.Ifweweretomakephonecallswhileweflew,however,

noneoftheseexpectationswouldbemet.Andevenworse,ourcellphoneswouldstopworking.可知,I如美国科学

家斯文•比伦解释说，为了让这个系统工作，有“内置”期望结论：应该有不要太多“交接班”和人们的

旅行速度不应该超过汽车的速度。“当然，电话用户应该靠近地面。”分析可知，一共有三个内置期望被

提到来帮助打电话。分别是应该有不要太多“交接班”，人们的旅行速度不应该超过汽车的速度，电话用

户应该靠近地面。所以一共有三个内置期望被提到来帮助打电话。故选C»

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段itmaybepossibleforairtravelerstomakeandreceivecallsfreely.可知，航

空旅客可以自由地拨打和接收电话。再根据最后一段Oneday,perhaps,wewillbechattingintheairasmuchas

wechatontheground.可知，也许有一天，我们会像在地上聊天一样，在空中聊天。因此可以看出，我们从

这篇文章可以推断出乘客将来可能会在飞机上自由拨打或接听电话。故选B。

[11题详解】

推理判断题•分析可知，文章主要讲了在飞机上需要关闭手机的原因以及未来对可以在飞机上拨打或接听

电话的期望。所以应该来自一本杂志符合题意，故选D。

03河南省信阳市2021-2022学年高三第一次教学质量检测英语试题

Concreteistheworld'smostconsumedmaterialafterwater.Becauseitalreadysurroundsusinthebuilt

environment,researchershavebeenexploringtheideaofusingconcretetostoreelectricity—turningbuildings

intogiantbatteries.Theideahasbeengaininggroundaswehavecometoincreasinglyrelyonrenewableenergy

fromthewindandsun.rechargeablebatteriesarenecessarywhenthebreezediesdownordarknessfalls.

Experimentalconcretebatterieshaveonlymanagedtoholdasmallpartofwhatatraditionalbatterydoes.

ButoneteamnowreportsinBuildingsthatithasdevelopedarechargeableoriginalmodelthatcouldrepresenta

morethan900percentincreaseinstoredcharge,comparedwithearlierattempts.

Alive—inconcretebatterymightsoundunlikely.Still,“youcanmakeabatteryoutofapotato,vnotesAimee

Byrne.Inafuturewheresustainability（可持续性）iskey,shelikestheideaofbuildingsthatavoidwasteby

providingshelterandpoweringelectronics.

Althoughthenewdesignstoresmorethan10timesasmuchpowerasearlierattempts,itstillhasalongway

togo:200squaremetersofit“canprovideabout8percentofthedailyelectricityconsumption“ofatypicalU.S.

home,Zhangsays.

Thisisnotenoughtocompetewithtoday'srechargeabledevices."We'regettingmilliamps（毫安）outof

concretebatteries-we'renotgettingamps（安培），"Byrnesays."We'regettinghoursasopposedtodaysof

charge."Butsheaddsthat''concretebatteriesarecompletelyintheirchildhood,comparedtootherbattery

designs."Theearliestbatteriesweresimpleandbulky.Researchersexperimentedwithnewmaterialsanddesigns

formorethanacenturytodeveloptoday'ssmalldevices.Byrnesuggestsconcrete-basedenergystoragecould

undergoasimilarevolution.46Thewholeideaisthatwe'relookingfarintotheftiture,“shesays."We'replaying

thelonggamewithit.”

28.Whatcanweinferabouttheconcretebatteries?

A.Theybecomeincreasinglyrenewable.

B.Theyarethemostconsumedbatteries.

C.Theywillreplaceenergyfromthewindandsun.

D.Theyarebeingdevelopedbyresearchers.

29.WhydoesByrnementionabatteryoutofapotato?

A.Toshowitiseasytobuildconcretebatteries.

B.Toargueitispossibletodevelopconcretebatteries.

C.lbmakeherstatementmoreinteresting.

D.Tocallonpeopletoprotecttheenvironment.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bulky"inParagraph5mean?

A.cheapB.heavyC.efficientD.small

31.WhatdoesByrnethinkofconcretebatteries?

A.Theyhavealongwaytogo.B.Theyaresimpleandbulky.

C.Theyhaveadoubtfulfuture.D.Theybeattoday'srechargeabledevices.

28-31DBBA

04湖北省孝感市2022届高三上学期10月联考英语试题

Scientistssaybabysharksareatriskofbeingbornsmallerandwithouttheenergytheyneedtosurvive

becauseofwarmingoceansfromclimatechange.

Scientistsstudiedepaulettesharks,whichliveoffAustraliaandNewGuinea.Theyfoundthatwarmer

conditionsspedupthesharks1growingprocess.Thatmeantthesharkswerebornearlierandverytired.The

findingscouldbeusedinthestudyofothersharks,includingthosethatgivebirthtoliveyoung.

Thescientistsstudied27sharks.Somewereraisedinaveragesummerwatertemperatures,about27degrees

Celsius.Otherswereraisedinhighertemperaturesaround29degreesCelsiusand31degreesCelsius.Theyfound

thatthesharksraisedinthewarmesttemperaturesweighedmuchlessthanthoseraisedinaveragetemperatures.

Theyalsoshowedreducedenergylevels.

Epaulettesharkscangrowtoalengthofaboutonemeter.Theirnamecomesfromlargespotsontheirbodies

thatlooklikedecorationsonsomemilitaryclothing.

Onestudythisyearfoundthatworldwidenumbersofoceanicsharksandraysdroppedmorethan70percent

between1970and2018.Overfishingisamainconcern,whileclimatechangeandpollutionalsothreatensharks.

CarolynWheelerisadoctoralstudentattheUniversityofMassachusettsBostonandwiththeARCCentreof

ExcellenceforCoralReefStudiesatJamesCookUniversityinAustralia.Shewastheleadauthoroftheepaulette

sharkstudy.Shesaidthatwhileallthesharkssurvived,thoseraisedinwarmertemperatureswerenotstrong

enoughtosurviveforlonginthewild.

Sheaddedthatifthesharksarcbornsmallerthanusual"theyareprobablygoingtohavetostartlookingfor

foodsooner-andthey'regoingtohavelesstimetoadjusttotheirsurroundings.'*Thestudyshouldserveasa

warningtooceangoverningagenciesthatcarefulmanagementisneededtopreventthelossofmoresharks.

28.Inwhataspectdothewarmerconditionsaffectthebabysharks?

A.Theirfood.B.Theirbodyweight.C.TheirlivinghabitsD.Theirmovingroute.

29.Howdidthescientistscarryouttheirstudy?

A.Bystudyingformerdata.

B.Bytrackingsharksinthewild.

C.Bycollectinginformationaboutclimatechange.

D.Bycomparingsharksinwatersofdifferenttemperatures.

30.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytalkabout?

A.Theoriginofsharks'names.B.Thesharks*appearance.

C.Thethreatstosharks*survival.D.Thesharks'livingenvironment.

31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ScientistsRaiseSharkstoDealwithProblems

B.GlobalWarmingHasReducedSharkPopulations

C.BabySharksStruggletoSurviveinWarmingOceans

D.ScientistsAreStrugglingtoSaveSharksfromExtinction

28-31BDCC

05广东省珠海市重点高中2022届高三上学期期中考试英语

ThepersonwhosetthecourseofmylifewasaschoolteachernamedMaijorieHurd.WhenIsteppedoffaship

inNewYorkHarborin1949,1wasanine-year-oldwarrefugee,whohadlosthismotherandwascomingtolive

withthefatherhedidnotknow.Mymother,EleniGatzoyiannis,hadbeenimprisonedandshotforsendingmy

sistersandmetofreedom.

IwasthirteenyearsoldwhenIenteredChandlerJuniorHigh.ShortlyafterIarrived,Iwastoldtoselecta

hobbytopursueduring“clubhours.^^Theideaofhobbiesandclubsmadenosenselomyimmigranlears,butI

decidedtofollowtheprettiestgirlinmyclass.SheledmeintothepresenceofMissHurd,theschoolnewspaper

adviserandEnglishteacher.

Atoughwomanwithsaltandpepperhairanddeterminedeyes,MissHurdhadnopatiencewithlazybones.

Shedrilledusingrammar,assignedstoriesfbrustoreadanddiscuss,andeventuallytaughtushowtoputouta

newspaper.HerintroductiontotheliterarywealthofGreecegavemeanewperspectiveonmywar-tornhomeland,

makingmeproudofmyorigins.HereffortsinspiredmetounderstandthelogicandstructureoftheEnglish

language.Owingtoherinspiration,duringmynexttwenty-fiveyears,Ibecameajournalistbyprofession.

MissHurdretiredattheageof62.Bythen,shehadtaughtforatotalof41years.Evenafterherretirement,she

continuallymadeaprojectofunwillingstudentsinwhomshespiedasparkofpotential.Thestudentsweremainly

fromthemosttroubledhomes,yetshealternatelybulliedandcharmedthemwithherownspecialbrandoftough

love,untilthesparkcaughtfire.

MissHurdwastheonewhodirectedmygriefandpainintowriting.ButfbrMissHurd,Iwouldn'thavebecome

areporter.Shewastheonewhosentmeintojournalismandindirectlycausedallthegoodthingsthatcameafter.

8.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mostprobablymean?

A.Hobbiesandclubsdidnotinteresttheauthor.

B.Theauthorturnedadeafeartojoiningclubs.

C.Hobbiesandclubswereinaccessibletoimmigrantsliketheauthor.

D.Theauthorhadnoideawhathobbiesandclubswereallabout.

9.Whichofthefollowingcausedtheauthortothinkofhishomelanddifferently?

A.SteppingontheAmericansoilforthefirsttime.

B.BeingexposedtoGreek,literaryworks.

C.Hermother'smiserabledeath.

D.Followingtheprettiestgirlinhisclass.

10.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph4that.

A.MissHurdemployedauniquewaytohandlethesestudents.

B.MissHurd'scontributionwasrecognizedacrossthenation.

C.StudentsfromtroubledhomespreferredMissHurd'steachingstyle.

D.ThestudentsMissHurdtaughtwereallfinallyfired.

11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Howtheauthorbecameajournalist.

B.Theimportanceofinspirationinone'slife.

C.Theteacherwhoshapedtheauthor'slife.

D.Factorscontributingtoasuccessfulcareer.

8-11DCBB

06河北省保定市2021-2022学年高三上学期摸底考试英语试题

Researchershavebeenlookingintosiliconcarbide（碳化硅），apromisingalternativematerialforthe

semiconductor（半导体）industry,forseveralyearsnow.Size,weightandefficiencyarethreeimportantfactorsfor

powerelectronictofitine-cars.Silioncarbidemeetsallthreefactors.Itismoreefficientbutleavesasmaller

footprintthanconventionalsemiconductorssuchassilicon.

Evenso,siliconcarbideisn'ttobefoundinanye-carsontheroadtoday.Thissemiconductormaterialisstill

limitedtoresearchlabs.Toshiftitfromthelabtothefactory,theSionCarbideModule（模块）projecthastakeninto

considerationalltheconditionsofindustrialproduction.Themodule'sdesignisagoodcase:researchersatthe

FraunhoferIZMarebasingitonthestructureoftheclassicprintedcircuitboardthattheindustryhaslongfavored.

Thisshouldspeedupitsfirstdisplay.

Themoduleisalsobenefitingfromthelatestscientificadvances.Insteadofwire-bondingthesemiconductorto

thepackage,theresearchersdecidedtoputitdirectlyinthecircuit.Theteamalsobroughtthepotentialcustomeron

boardfbrthisdevelopmenteffort.Intheprojecfsfirstyear,theydrewupaspecification（规格）sheetillustratingthe

requirementsforthemoduleandsemiconductor.Theresearchersworkedcloselywithusers,cateringtotheirwishes

whentheydeterminedtheproductspecification.

Automakers,componentsuppliersandOEMSweredirectlyinvolvedintheefforttomapoutthe

power-electronicmodule'ssize,layoutandelectricalcircuits.Thegroupsoughttomakethemostofthespace

availableinthevehicle'spowertrain.LarsBottcher,groupleaderattheFraunhoferIZMandheadoftheSiC

sub-project,says,“Themajorgoalistoadvancethenewsemiconductormaterialsiliconcarbidetomassproduction."

12.Whatdoweknowaboutsiliconcarbide?

A.Itislargerthansilicon.

B.Itisstillunderresearch.

C.Ithasbeenusedinsomee-cars.

D.Ithasbeenshiftedtothefactory.

13.Whydidresearchersbringthepotentialcustomer?

A.Todrawupaformalagreement.

B.Ibadjustthemoduleaccordingly.

C.lbwitnesstheireffortandsuccess.

D.Towire-bondthesemiconductortothepackage

14.Whatwasthemainpurposeofthegroupaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Tomass-producesiliconcarbide.

B.lbchangetheshapeofthemodule.

C.Toincreasethevolumeofthemodule.

D.Toexpandtheproductionofpoweredvehicles.

15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheresearch?

A.Optimistic.B.Tolerant.

C.Doubtful.D.Indifferent.

【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.A

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了新型的硅碳化合物用于传统的半导体产业的相关情况。

［详解］1.细节理解题。根据第二段关键句"Thissemicon-ductormaterialisstilllimitedtoresearchlabs."（这

种半导体材料仍局限于研究实验室）可知，这种半导体材料仍在研究中。故选B项。

2.推理判断题。根据第三段关键句"Insteadofwire-bondingthesemiconductortothepackage,theresearchers

decidedtoputitdirectlyinthecircuit.Theteamalsobroughtthepotentialcustomeronboardforthis

developmenteffort."（研究人员决定直接将半导体放入电路中，而不是将半导体用线粘合在封装上。该团

队还为这个开发工作引入了潜在客户）可以推测，研究者邀请潜在客户参与是为了满足客户需求，对这一

模块作出相应的调整，将半导体直接嵌入电路中而不是将半导体用线粘到封装上。故选B项。

3.细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句"LarsBottcher,groupleaderatdieFraunhoferIZMandheadoftheSiC

sub-project,says,"Themajorgoalistoadvancethenewsemiconductormaterialsiliconcarbidetomass

production.""（FraunhoferIZM的组长、碳化硅子项目负责人LarsBottcher说：“主要目标是将新型半导体

材料碳化硅推向量产。”）可知，这个团队的主要目的是想量产碳化硅。故选A项。

4.推理判断题。根据第一段关键句uResearchershavebeenlookingintosiliconcarbide,apromisingalternative

materialforthesemiconductorindustry,forseveralyearsnow.”（几年来，研究人员一直在研究碳化硅，这是

一种很有前途的半导体工业替代材料）和第三段关键句"Themoduleisalsobenefitingfromthelatest

scientificadvances."（该模块还受益于最新的科学进展）可知，作者对该研究是持乐观态度的。故选A项。

07山西省吕梁第三中学2021-2022学年高三上期第一次月考英语试题

TheUnitedStatesFishandWildlifeServicehasidentified23speciesitsaysarenowextinct.Mostofthe

specieshadbeenfoundinstatesinthesoutheasternU.S.ElevenspecieslivedinHawaiiorGuam.

Perhapsthebest-knownspeciesonthelististheivory-billedwoodpecker.Therehadbeenunconfirmed

sightingsofthebirdoverthepast20years.ThatledtosearchoperationsinpartsofArkansas,Louisiana,Mississippi

andFlorida.Butnoneofthewoodpeckerswerefound.

Otherspeciesonthelisthadonlybeenidentifiedinthewildafewtimesandneverseenagain.Oneexampleis

theflatpigtoefoundinAlabamaandMississippi.Insuchcases,thespecieslikelystarteddisappearingshortlyafter

beingdiscovered.

Indeclaringaspeciesextinct,theFishandWildlifeServiceremovesitfromitsEndangeredSpeciesAct（ESA）.

ThepurposeoftheESAistocallattentiontospecieswiththegreatestneedfbrprotection.

All23specieswerethoughttohaveatleastasmallchanceofsurvivalwhenaddedtotheESAlist.Only11

specieshavebeenpreviouslyremovedbecauseofextinctioninthenearlyhalf-centurysincetheESAwassigned

intolaw.

TheFishandWildlifeServicewarnedthatclimatechange,combinedwithotherenvironmentalpressures,

couldmakesuchdisappearancesmorecommon.Asanexample,itsaidnearly3billionbirdshavebeenlostinNorth

Americasince1970.

CornellUniversitybirdbiologistJohnFitzpatrickisaleadingfigureinthehuntfortheivory-billed

woodpecker.HetoldTheAssociatedPresshethinksitwastooearlytodeclarethebirdsextinct,"Littleisgainedand

muchislost,^^hesaidofthedeclarationprocess.

Fitzpatrickleda2005studythatclaimedthewoodpeckerhadbeenrediscoveredineasternArkansas.Hesaid

removingaspeciesfromtheESAreducespublicattentionthatisneededtohelpcontinueenvironmentalprotection

efforts.

8.Whatdoweknowaboutthesearchoperationsinthefourstates?

A.Theyhadbeenworkinginthepast20years.

B.TheywereconductedinthesoutheasternU.S.

C.Theyhadfound23speciesinHawaiiorGuam.

D.Theyhadneverfoundanyivory-billedwoodpeckers.

9.WhyistheflatpigtoeremovedfromthelistofESA?

A.Itisamistaketoaddittothelist.B.Thespecieshasbeenoutofdanger.

C.Thespecieshasbeendeclaredextinct.D.Ithasbeenlostfornearlyhalfacentury.

10.Whatisthereasonoftheextinctionofthe23species?

A.Climatechange.B.Seriousairpollution.

C.Humans'huntingformeat.D.Breakdownoffoodchains.

11.What'sFitzpatrick'sattitudetowardstheremovalofthespeciesfromthelist?

A.Indifferent.B.Opposing.C.Supportive.D.Ambiguous.

【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.B

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局已经确认了23个现已灭绝的物种，

且在宣布一种物种灭绝时，鱼类和野生动物管理局将其从《濒危物种法案》中移除。说明了这些物种灭绝

的原因以及人们对把濒危物种从《濒危物种法案》中除名的看法。

（8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段"Perhapsthebest-knownspeciesonthelististheivory-billedwoodpecker.

Therehadbeenunconfirmedsightingsofthebirdoverthepast20years.Thatledtosearchoperationsinpartsof

Arkansas,Louisiana,MississippiandFlorida.Butnoneofthewoodpeckerswerefound.（也许名单上最著名的物

种是象牙嘴啄木鸟。在过去的20年里，一直有未经证实的目击到这种鸟。这导致了阿肯色州、路易斯安

那州、密西西比州和佛罗里达州部分地区的搜索行动。但是没有发现这种啄木鸟）”可知，这四个州的搜索

行动从来没有发现任何象牙喙啄木鸟。故选D。

【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段"OtherspeciesonIhelisthadonlybeenidentifiedinthewildafewlimes

andneverseenagain.OneexampleistheflatpigtoefoundinAlabamaandMississippi.Insuchcases,thespecies

likelystarteddisappearingshortlyafterbeingdiscovered』名单上的其他物种只在野外被发现过几次，再也没有

见过。阿拉巴马州和密西西比州发现的扁平猪趾就是一个例子。在这种情况下，该物种可能在被发现后不

久就开始消失）”以及第四段中"Indeclaringaspeciesextinct,由eFishandWildlifeServiceremovesitfromits

EndangeredSpeciesAct（ESA）.（在宣布一种物种灭绝时，鱼类和野生动物管理局将其从《濒危物种法案》中

移除）”可知，扁平猪趾被从ESA的名单上删除是因为该物种己被宣布灭绝。故选C。

【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中"TheFishandWildlifeServicewarnedthatclimatechange,

combinedwithotherenvironmentalpressures,couldmakesuchdisappearancesmorecommon.（鱼类和野生动物

管理局警告说，气候变化，加上其他环境压力，可能会使这种灭绝更加普遍）”可知，这23个物种灭绝的

原因是气候变化。故选A。

[11题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"CornellUniversitybirdbiologistJohnFitzpatrickisaleadingfigure

inthehuntfortheivory-billedwoodpecker.HetoldTheAssociatedPresshethinksitwas