美食英语知识点归纳

美食英语知识点归纳

一、食材和菜品名称

1.食材名称：

-Fruits(水果):apple(苹果),orange(橙子),banana(香蕉),strawberry(草莓),cherry(樱桃),pineapple(菠萝),watermelon(西瓜),grape(葡萄),lemon(柠檬),mango(芒果),etc.

-Vegetables(蔬菜):tomato(番茄),lettuce(生菜),spinach(菠菜),carrot(胡萝卜),potato(土豆),onion(洋葱),broccoli(西兰花),cucumber(黄瓜),eggplant(茄子),etc.

-Meat(肉类):beef(牛肉),pork(猪肉),chicken(鸡肉),lamb(羊肉),duck(鸭肉),fish(鱼),shrimp(虾),crab(蟹),lobster(龙虾),etc.

-Seafood(海鲜):oyster(牡蛎),squid(鱿鱼),scallop(扇贝),octopus(章鱼),salmon(三文鱼),tuna(金枪鱼),etc.

-Grains(谷物):rice(大米),wheat(小麦),corn(玉米),barley(大麦),oat(燕麦),etc.

-Dairyproducts(乳制品):milk(牛奶),cheese(奶酪),yogurt(酸奶),butter(黄油),cream(奶油),etc.

-Condiments(调味品):salt(盐),pepper(胡椒粉),sugar(糖),vinegar(醋),soysauce(酱油),ketchup(番茄酱),mustard(芥末),mayonnaise(蛋黄酱),etc.

2.菜品名称：

-Appetizers(开胃菜):salad(沙拉),soup(汤),bruschetta(意式烤面包片),springrolls(春卷),dumplings(饺子),etc.

-Maincourses(主菜):steak(牛排),roastchicken(烤鸡),grilledfish(烤鱼),stir-friedvegetables(炒菜),pasta(意大利面),pizza(比萨饼),sushi(寿司),etc.

-Sidedishes(配菜):mashedpotatoes(土豆泥),roastedvegetables(烤蔬菜),steamedrice(蒸饭),frenchfries(炸薯条),coleslaw(卷心菜沙拉),etc.

-Desserts(甜点):cake(蛋糕),icecream(冰淇淋),chocolate(巧克力),pie(派),pudding(布丁),cookies(饼干),etc.

-Drinks(饮品):coffee(咖啡),tea(茶),juice(果汁),soda(苏打水),wine(葡萄酒),beer(啤酒),cocktail(鸡尾酒),etc.

二、烹饪方法和口味

1.烹饪方法：

-Boil(煮沸):boilwater(煮沸水),boilpasta(煮意大利面)

-Fry(炸):frychicken(炸鸡),deep-fryfrenchfries(油炸薯条)

-Grill(烧烤):grillsteak(烧烤牛排),barbecue(烧烤)

-Steam(蒸):steamfish(蒸鱼),steamvegetables(蒸蔬菜)

-Bake(烘烤):bakebread(烤面包),bakecake(烤蛋糕)

-Roast(烤):roastchicken(烤鸡),roastvegetables(烤蔬菜)

-Stir-fry(炒):stir-fryvegetables(炒菜),stir-frynoodles(炒面)

-Saute(煎炒):sauteonions(炒洋葱),sautemushrooms(煎蘑菇)

2.口味：

-Spicy(辣的):spicychicken(辣鸡肉),spicynoodles(辣面)

-Sweet(甜的):sweetfruitsalad(甜水果沙拉),sweetdessert(甜点)

-Sour(酸的):soursoup(酸汤),sourcandy(酸糖)

-Salty(咸的):saltychips(咸薯片),saltypopcorn(咸爆米花)

-Bitter(苦的):bittercoffee(苦咖啡),bittermelon(苦瓜)

-Savory(咸香的):savorychicken(咸香鸡肉),savorypie(咸香派)

三、用餐礼仪和文化

1.餐桌上的用具：

-Plate(盘子),bowl(碗),cup(杯子),glass(玻璃杯)

-Knife(刀),fork(叉子),spoon(勺子),chopsticks(筷子)

-Napkin(餐巾纸),tablecloth(桌布),placemat(餐垫)

2.用餐礼仪：

-Situpstraight(坐直),keepelbowsoffthetable(不要搁肘),chewwithyourmouthclosed(闭嘴嚼),useutensilsproperly(正确使用餐具)

-Say"please"and"thankyou"(说“请”和“谢谢”),waitforotherstostartbeforeeating(等待他人开始吃饭),don'ttalkwithyourmouthfull(满口谈话),etc.

3.饮食文化：

-Afternoontea(下午茶):atraditionalBritishcustomofenjoyingteaandcakesintheafternoon.

-Dimsum(点心):astyleofChinesecuisinewheresmallportionsoffood,suchasdumplingsandbuns,areservedinsmallbamboosteamersoronsmallplates.

-Sushi(寿司):atraditionalJapanesedishconsistingofriceseasonedwithvinegarandtoppedwithraworcookedfish,seafood,vegetables,oregg.

-Barbecue(烧烤):apopularoutdoorcookingmethodinmanycountries,wheremeat,fish,andvegetablesarecookedoveranopenflameorhotcoals.

四、食物偏好和特殊饮食习惯

1.食物偏好：

-Vegetarian(素食者):someonewhodoesn'teatmeatoranimalproducts.

-Vegan(纯素食者):someonewhodoesn'teatanyanimalproducts,includingmeat,dairy,andeggs.

-Gluten-free(无麸质):someonewhoavoidsconsuminggluten,aproteinfoundinwheat,barley,andrye.

-Lactoseintolerant(乳糖不耐受):someonewhocan'tdigestlactose,thesugarfoundinmilkanddairyproducts.

-Allergictopeanuts(对花生过敏):someonewhohasasevereallergicreactiontopeanuts.

2.特殊饮食习惯：

-Ramadan(斋月):amonth-longIslamicfastingperiodduringwhichMuslimsrefrainfromeatingordrinkingbetweensunriseandsunset.

-Kosher(犹太食谱):asetofdietarylawsfollowedbyJewishpeoplethatspecifycertainfoodsandpreparationmethodsthatareconsidered"kosher"andpermittedtobeeaten.

-Halal:asetofdietarylawsfollowedbyMuslimsthatspecifycertain