2018高考真题-英语(北京卷)详细解析

绝密★启用前

2017年普通高等学校全国招生统一考试〔北京卷〕

英语

本试卷共16页，共150分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在

试卷上作答无效。考试完毕后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一局部：听力理解（共三节，30分）

第一节（共5小题；每题1.5分，总分值7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最

正确选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段

对话你将听一遍。

例：Whatisthemangoingtoread?

A.Anewspaper.B.Amagazine.C.Abook.

答案是Ao

1.Whenwillthefilmstart?

A.At5:00.B.At6:00.C.At7:00.

2.Whichclubwillthemanjoin?

A.Thefilmclub.B.Thetravelclub.C.Thesportsclub.

3.Whatwastheweatherlikeinthemountainsyesterday?

A.Sunny.B.Windy.C.Snowy.

4.Whatdoesthemanwanttocutoutofpaper?

A.Afish.B.Abird.C.Amonkey.

5.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

A.Inalibrary.B.Atabookstore.C.Inamuseum.

第二节（共10小题；每题L5分，15分）

听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个

选项中选出最正确选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每题。听完后，

每题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。

听第6段材料，答复第6至7题。

6.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?

A.Tomakeaninvitation.

B.Toaskforinformation.

C.Todiscussaholidayplan.

7.Howmuchdoesthewomanneedtopayfortheminibus?

A.$50.B.$150.C.$350.

听第7段材料，答复第8至9题。

8.Whatarethetwosperkersmainlytalkingabout?

A.日ectronicwaste.B.Soilpollution.C.Recylingbenefits.

9.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodowithhercellphoneintheend?

A.Throwitaway.B.Keepitathome.C.Sellittoberecycled.

听第8段材料，答复第10至12题。

10.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwosperkers?

A.Friends.B.Wifeandhusband.C.Businesspartners.

11.Wheredoesthewomanworknow?

A.lnaschool.B.lnarestaurant.C.lnatravelagency.

12.Whatarethetwosperkersgoingtodo?

A.Totakeatrip.B.Tohaveacoffee.C.Toattendameeting.

听第9段材料，答复第13至15题。

13.Whathasbeenimprovedaccordingtothespeaker?

A.Thetrainstation.B.Thebusservice.C.Theparkinglot.

14.Howdoesthespeakergettoherofficetoday?

A.Bybusandonfoot.B.Bytrainandbybus.C.Bytrainandonfoot.

15.Whoisthespeaker?

A.Areporter.B.Apoliceman.C.Aphotographer.

第三节（共5小题；每题1.5分，共7.5分）

听下面一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每题仅填写：个词。听对话前，你将有

20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。

Pick-upAppointmentForm

Item（物品）A16andsomemagazines

DestinationOverseasto17

Delivery0AiroRegular

Timetopickup5:0018afternoon

PackingAmediumbox

Customer'sinformationMr.Hudson19

89StreetXhicago,20

Tel:4159786

1-5CBCBA6-10BBACA11-15CBACA

16.dictionary17.Italy18.Monday/Mon.19.Acket/ACKET20.15374

第二局部：知识运用（共两节，45分）

第一节单项填空（共15小题；每题1分，共15分）

从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项，并在答

题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It'ssonicetohearfromheragain,,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.

A.WhafsmoreB.That'stosayC.InotherwordsD.Believeitornot

答案是D。

21.Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.

A.mustB.shouldC.canD.need

【答案】C

【解析】考察情态动词。句意：Samuel,我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的

书。表示能力，用can。

22.—Peter,pleasesenduspostcardswellknowwhereyouhavevisited.

—Noproblem.

A.butB.orC.forD.so

【答案】D

【解析】考察连词。上半句句意：Peter,请给我们寄明信片，因此我们就会知道你们去哪

游览过。前后因果关系，用so。

23.Everyyear,makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.

A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whichever

【答案】B

【解析】考察时态。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。

makesthemostbeautifulkite是主语从句，根据意思可知答案。

24.—thatcompanytoseehowtheythinkofourproductyesterday?

—Yes.Theyarehappywithit.

A.DidyoucallB.HaveyoucalledC.WillyoucallD.Wereyoucalling

【答案】A

【解析】考察时态。句意：你昨天有没有给那家公司打问问他们对我们的产品感觉假设

何样发生在过去，用过去式，应选A。

25.birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.

A.OnceB.IfC.AlthoughD.Because

【答案】C

【解析】考查连词。句意：尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔，但是他们的一些羽毛还有其他用途，前后之间是让

步关系，故选c。

26.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingshewasheading.

A.whyB.whereC.howD.when

【答案】B

【解析】考察连词。句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何

方，根据句意可知选B。

27.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetheir

valuabletime.

A.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.saved

【答案】C

【解析】考察非谓语动词。句意：许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节

省时间。动词不定式表目的，选C。

28.Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeople

youfigureitout.

A.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.since

【答案】C

【解析】考察连词。句意：如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会研究，学习和他人探讨直

到你解决为止。根据句意可知选C。

29.Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones

yet.

A.haven'tinventedB.haven'tbeeninvented

C.hadn/tinventedD.hadn/tbeeninvented

【答案】D

【解析】考察时态。句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一

部，并且无线还根本没有创造出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除A和C,事

情发生在过去，与现在无关，排除B,应选D。KS5U

30.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,frombutterfliestoelephants.

A.rangingB.rangeC.torangeD.ranged

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和

range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。

31.Thelittleproblemswemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.

A.thatB.asC.whereD.when

【答案】A

【解析】考察关系词。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大创造的灵感。

此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems,用that。

32Jimhasretired,buthestillrememberthehappytimewithhisstudents.

A.tospendB.spendC.spendingD.spent

【答案】D

【解析】考察非谓语动词。句意：Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快

乐时光。句子已经有谓语了，逻辑主语time和spend之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词。

33.Peoplebetteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey/relivinglongerasa

result.

A.willhaveB.haveC.hadD.hadhad

【答案】B

【解析】考察时态。句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，因此他们更长寿。与过去比

照是现在，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，故前面也用现在时态，应选B。

34.Ifthenewsafetysystemtouse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.

A.hadbeenputB.wereputC.shouldbeputD.wouldbeput

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据

主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句用haddone形式，system与puttouse是动真关系，故选A。

35.Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealivingfishingindustry.

A.atB.inC.onD.by

【答案】B

【解析】考察介词。句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in。

makealivinginfishingindustry”靠渔业谋生”。

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每题1.5分，共30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选

项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

HannahTaylorisaschoolgirlfromManitoba,Canada.Oneday,whenshewasfiveyearsold,

shewaswalkingwithhermotherindowntownWinnipeg.Theysawaman36outofa

garbagecan.Sheaskedhermotherwhyhedidthatandhermothersaidthatthemanwas

homelessandhungry.Hannahwasvery37.Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomepeoplehad

tolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood.Hannahstartedtothinkabouthowshecould

（解决）

38fbut,ofcourse,thereisnotalotonefive-year-oldcandotosolvetheproblemof

homelessness.

Later,whenHannahattendedschool,shesawanotherhomelessperson.Itwasawoman,

39anoldshoppingtrolley（购物车）whichwaspiledwith40Itseemedthat

everythingthewomanownedwasinthem.ThismadeHannahverysad,andevenmore41to

dosomething.Shehadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofhomelesspeople42

theyfirstsawthehomelessman.Hermothertoldherthatifshedidsomethingtochangethe

problemthatmadehersad,shewouldn't43asbad.

HannahbegantospeakoutaboutthehomelessnessinManitobaandtheninother

provinces.Shehopedto44hermessageofhopeandawareness.ShestartedtheLadybug

Foudation,anorganizationaimingatgettingridofhomelessness.Shebeganto45"Big

Bosses"lunches,whereshewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleadersto46tothecause.

Shealsoorganizedafundraising（募捐）drivein“LadybugJars"tocollecteveryone'sspare

changeduring“MakeChange"month.Morerecently,thefoundationbegananother47

calledNationalRedScarfDay—adaywhenpeopledonate$20andwearredscarvesinsupport

ofCanada's48andhomeless.

ThereisanemergencyshelterinWinnipegcalled“Hannah'sPlace”,somethingthatHannah

isvery49of.Hannah'sPlaceisdividedintoseveralareas,providingshelterforpeoplewhenitis

socoldthat50outdoorscanmeandeath.InthemorethanfiveyearssinceHannahbeganher

activities,shehasreceivedalotof51.Forexample,shereceivedthe2007BRICKAward

recognizingthe52ofyoungpeopletochangetheworld.But53allthis,Hannah

stillhasthe54lifeofaWinnipegschoolgirl,exceptthatshepaysregularvisitsto

homelesspeople.

Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakinga55intheworld.

Youcan,too!

36.A.jumpingB.eatingC.cryingD.waving

37.A.annoyedB.nervousC.ashamedD.upset

38.A.behaveB.manageC.helpD.work

39.A.pushingB.carryingC.buyingD.holding

40.A.goodsB.bottlesC.foodsD.bags

41.A.excitedB.determinedC.energeticD.grateful

42.A.sinceB.unlessC.althoughD.as

43.A.soundB.getC.feelD.look

44.A.exchangeB.leaveC.keepD.spread

45.A.sellB.deliverC.hostD.pack

46.A.contributeB.leadC.applyD.agree

47.A.campaignB.tripC.procedureD.trial

48.A.elderlyB.hungryC.lonelyD.sick

49.A.awareB.afraidC.proudD.sure

50A.goingB.sleepingC.travelingD.playing

51.A.praisesB.invitationsC.repliesD.appointments

52.A.needsB.interestsC.dreamsD.efforts

53.A.forB.throughCC..bbeessiiddeessD.along

54.A.healthyB.publicC.normalD.tough

55.A.choiceB.profitC.judgementD.difference

【答案】

36-40BDCAD41-45BACDC46-50AABCB51-55ADBCD

【解析】

【语篇解读】本文讲述HannahTaylor通过自己的努力来建设公益组织筹集资金帮助那些无

家可归忍饥挨饿的人。

36.考查动词。A.jumping跳；B.eating吃；Ccrying哭；Dwaving挥手。由语境可知他们看见一个人从垃

圾桶里捡东西吃，根据后文的hu11gly可知答案为B。

37.考查形容词。A.annoyed生气的；B.nervous紧张的；C.ashamed羞耻的；D.upset难过的。由语境可知

Hannah很难过，选D。

38一考查动词。A.behave表现而为举止；B.manage成功做；C.help帮助；D.work工作。Hannah开始思考

她如何能帮到他们，故选C。

39.考察动词。A.pushing推;B.carrying拿；C.buying买;D.holding握。购物车肯定是推

着的，应选A。

40.考察名词。A.goods货物;B.bottles瓶子；C.foods食物；D.bags包。车上堆满了包，

选D。

41.考察形容词。A.excited冲动的；B.determined下决心的；C.energetic精力充分的；D.

grateful感谢的。

她更加下定决心做些事帮助这些人，应选B。

42.考察连词。A.since自从；B.unless除非；C.although尽管；D.as因为。此处是指自从

他们第一次看到

无家可归的人，选A。KS5U

43.考察动词。A.sound听；B.get获得；C.feel感觉；D.look看。她就不会和以前一样感觉

那么糟糕了，应选C。

44.考察动词。A.exchange交换；B.leave离开;C.keep保持；D.spread传播。她希望她

的希望和意识的信

息能够传播开来。应选D。

45.考察动词。由语境可知她希望信息能够传播开来。spread传播。

46.考察动词。A.contribute奉献，捐献；B.lead领导；C.apply申请，应用；D.agree同

意。她试图劝说那

些领导能为这个事业做出奉献，选A。

47.考察名词。A.campaign运动；B.trip旅行；C.procedure过程；D.trial实验。此处指又一

项运动，应选A。

48.考察形容词。A.elderly年纪大的；B.hungry饥饿的；C.lonely孤独的；D.sick生病

的。此处是指为那

些饥饿的人和无家可归的人，选B。

49.考察形容词。A.aware意识的；B.afraid害怕的；C.proud骄傲的；D.sure肯定的。此处

是指Hannah非

常骄傲的东西，应选C。

50.考察动词。A.going去;B.sleeping睡；C.traveling旅行；D.playing玩。当天冷到在

室外睡觉就意味

着死的时候，应选B。

51.考察名词。A.praises赞美；B.invitations邀请；C.replies回复；D.appointments约会。

她收到了很多的

赞美。因为下文有这方面的举例，答案为A.

52考查名词。A.needs需要；B.interests兴趣；C.dreams梦想；D.efforts努力。此处是指这个奖项是为了

认可年轻人改变这个世界所作出的努力，故选D。

53.考查介词。A.for为了；B.through通过；C.besides此外；D.along沿着。但是经过这些，Hannah依然

过着两面peg学校一名女生的普通的生活。选Bo

54.考查形容词。A.healthy健康的；B.public公共的；C.normal正常的，普通的；D.tough艰难的。根据上

题题意可知答案为Co

55.考查名词。A.choice选择;B.profit利润；C.judgement判断；D.difference不同。此处为固定短语：make

a.difference起作用，有影响，选D。

第三局部：阅读理解（共两节，40分）

第一节（共15小题；每题2分，共30分）

阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题

卡上将该项涂黑。

A

ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademy

softballwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm,

Eighth-graderTaylorBisbeeshivered（发#1）alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhite

play.Thetwodidn/tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorso

before.

Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground,"Paris'seyerolledback,"Taylorsays."Shestarted

shaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.”

Itcertainlywas,Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,

Pariswoulddie.Atfirstnoonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshouted

out,"DoesanyoneknowCPR?〃

CPRisalife-savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson'schestsothatblood

movesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygenthebrainisdamaging

quickly.

Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn't

thinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisand

begandoingCPR,“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,“says

Taylor.

Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomoreranto

gettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevices（器械）thatcanshockthe

heartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris'heartbeatreturned.

“IknowIwasreallylucky/'Parissaysnow."Mostpeopledon'tsurvivethis.Myteam

savedmylife.”

ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalis

havingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.

Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobea

nurse."Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow,“Taylorsays./zlknowIcanactunderpressure

inascarysituation.

56.WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?

A.Shecaughtabadcold.

B.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.

C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.

D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice

57.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?

A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.

B.Sherecoveredfromshock.

C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.

D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.

58.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?

A.Enthusiasticandkind.

B.Courageousandcalm.

C.Cooperativeandgenerous.

D.Ambitiousandprofessional.

【答案】56B57C58B

【解析】

【语篇解读】讲述TaylorBisbee通过及时的CPR挽救了一位学生的生命。

56.根据文章第三段Itcertainlywas,Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure,可知答案为B。

57.根据倒数第三段"Mostpeopledon'tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife"可知她被别人通

过心脏复苏救了

回来，因此很幸运，选C。

58.通过她救Paris这件事可知她很勇敢，很镇静，不慌不忙，应选B。

B

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back.

59.WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine?

A.Itentertainsyoungparents.

B.Itprovidesseriousadvertisements.

C.Itpublishespopularsciencefictions.

D.Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.

60.WhatdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders?

A.Onlinecourses.

B.Articlesonnewtopics.

C.Lecturesonabalancedlife.

D.Reportsonscientificdiscoveries.

61.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12-mouthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpack

fromChina?

A.£55.B.£60.C.£65.D.£70.

62.SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget.

A.freebirthdaypresents

B.fullrefundwithin28days

C.membershipoftheTOKNOWclub

D.chancestomeettheexpertsinperson

【答案】59.D60.B61.D62.B

C

Measles（麻疹），whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,was

nearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine（疫

苗）.Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementand

misinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeen

reportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.

Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.When

vaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.

Thisiscalled"herdimmunity”,whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthose

whocan'tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleon

whomthevaccinedoesn'twork.

Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefuse

vaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.

That/sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrange

County,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N.Y.,wherea

17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.

Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmall

risk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.

Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout（决定不参力口）ofwhat

aresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringKS5Ukindergarten.Seventeen

statesallowparentstogetanexemption（豁免），sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingthey

personallyobjecttoavaccine.

Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.

Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.

Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.But

personalopinions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,

butthey,llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.

63.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat.

A.asmallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrend

B.theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattention

C.anti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasons

D.informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly

64.Herdimmunityworkswellwhen.

A.exemptionsareallowed

B.severalvaccinesareusedtogether

C.thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedin

D.newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws

65.Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles?

A.Theoveruseofvaccine.

B.Thelackofmedicalcare.

C.Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.

D.Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople.

66.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Tointroducetheideaofexemption.

B.Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.

D.Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.

【答案】63A64C65D66C

【解析】

【语篇解读】本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会发生这样的情况。

63.文童第二段的首句既是对第一段的总结，又是第二段的中心句，由此可知答案为A。

“根据第三段Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin,可知只有所有人都参与了才

会有用，选C。

65才艮据第一E殳Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementand

misinformationthatisspreadingquickly.可知,那些反对疫苗的人导致的麻疹的复发,故选D。

66.本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射

疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选C。

D

Hollywood'stheorythatmachineswithevil（邪恶）mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsis

justsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence（AI）maybecome

extremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-known

mathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制论）,putitthisway:

“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannot

effectivelyinterfere（干预），wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineis

thepurposewhichwereallydesire//

Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewith

livingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,

norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthe

machinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingle

instructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsown

offswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,we

couldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachines

whoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.

Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsof

computerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindof

firewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffectthereal

world.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatis

secureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.

SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAlseemstobepossiblebutnot

easy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.

Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAlresearchers.

Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnot

possibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”

asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.Stillothersthinkthat

superintelligentAlwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnest

Rutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthe

transformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine."However,onSeptember12,1933,

physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced仲子诱导）nuclearchainreaction.

67.Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay.

A.runoutofhumancontrol

B.satisfyhuman'srealdesires

C.commandarmiesofkillerrobots

D.workfasterthanamathematician

68.Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymight

beableto.

A.preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyed

Bachievetheiroriginalgoalsindependently

C.doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenorders

D.beathumansininternationalchessmatches

69.Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto.

A.helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetter

B.besecureagainstevilhumanbeings

C.keepmachinesfrombeingharmed

D.avoidrobots'affectingtheworld

70.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?

A.ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAL

B.Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.

C.Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.

D.Itwillstayforadecade.

【答案】67A68A69D70C

【解析】

【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了人工智能。

67.根据第一段Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialinteiligence（AI）maybecomeextremely

goodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.可知人工智能可能会超出人的